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Cell Processes
Meiosis, Transport, Mitosis, DNA, Metabolism, Energy
43
Science
7th Grade
11/02/2010

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Term
Metabolism
Definition
The total of all chemical reactions in an organism that require enzymes
Term
Photosynthesis
Definition
Plants use this to convert sunglight energy into sugar and oxygen, uses chlorophyll
Term
Consumer
Definition
Cant make their own food
Term
Producer
Definition
Makes own food
Term
Cellular Respiration
Definition
Chemical reactions break down food molecules into simpler substances and release stored energy
Term
Fermentation
Definition
For cells who cant do respiration, to release stored energy in glucose. This occus in the cytoplasm to produce lactic acid and alcohol
Term
DNA
sides?
Definition
sugar phosphate
Term
DNA
rungs?
Definition
nitron bases
Term
DNA
location?
Definition
located in the nucleus
Term
Genes
Definition
sections of DNA- ON CHROMOSOMES that contain instructions for making proteins
Term
Cell Cycle
Definition
series of events or periods of formation, growth, development and finally reproduction
Term
Chromatin
Definition
The mass of DNA and protein that MAKES UP A CHROMOSOME
Term
Chromosome
Definition
tightly coiled MASS of DNA and PROTEIN
Term
Centromere
Definition
point where TWO CHROMATIDS CONNECT
Term
Chromatids
Definition
one of the TWO TWIN STRANDS OF DNA in a CHROMOSOME
Term
DNA
Definition
a chemical code that contains hereditary information needed to grow and function
Term
DNA
who discovered it?
Definition
WATSON and CRICK
double helix 1953
Term
Mutations
Definition
PERMANENT and RAMDOM CHANGE IN DNA that result in CHANGING the organisms TRAITS
Term
Asexual
Definition
Reproduction that produces a new organism with identical chromosomes to the parent organism.
Term
Sexual Reproduction
Definition
Reproduction that required the joining of two sex cells (sperm and egg)
Term
MITOSIS
Definition
The process of cell division; how cells reproduce
Term
Fertilization
Definition
egg cell + sperm cell
Term
Zygote
Definition
a cell that forms from fertilization
Term
Diploid
Definition
Human BODY cells with 23 pairs of SIMILAR CHROMOSOMES
Term
Haploid
Definition
Human SEX cells with 23 SINGLE CHROMOSOMES
Term
Meiosis
Definition
PRODUCES HAPLIOD sex cells and makes sure babies have the SAME NUMBER OF DIPLOID as its parent
Term
RNA
Definition
carries to code for PROTEIN MAKING from NUCLEUS to RIBOSOMES
Term
Interphase
Definition
GROWTH and DEVELOPMENT
Term
MITOSIS
phases?
Definition
INTERPHASE, PROPHASE, METAPHASE, ANAPHASE, TELOPHASE, CYTOKINESIS
Term
1. INTERPHASE
Definition
DNA/chromosomes get copied

key word: COPYING
Term
2. PROPHASE
Definition
SPINDLES and CENTRIOLES (or poles) form

key words: SPINDLE, CENTRIOLES
Term
3. METAPHASE
Definition
CHROMATIDS attach to SPINDLES

key words: CHROMATIDS ATTACH
Term
4. ANAPHASE
Definition
Chromatids SPLIT and go to POLES

key words: SPLIT to POLES
Term
5. TELOPHASE
Definition
NUCLEI form and CHROMOSOMES appear as CHROMATIN

key words: NUCLEI, CHROMATIDS
Term
6. CYTOKINESIS
Definition
cell MEMBRANE splits to form TWO CELLS

key words: MEMBRANE SPLITS, END.
Term
Diffusion
Definition
type: PASSIVE

molecules MOVE to LESS CROWDED areas
Term
equilibrium
Definition
molecules of a substance are SPREAD EVENLY THROUGHOUT another substance
Term

Osmosis

+type? 

Definition
type: passive WATER does DIFFUSION through a MEMBRANE
Term
Active transport
Definition
requires ENERGY. Proteins BIND (clamp onto) with particles to MOVE through MEMBRANE
Term
Passive Transport
Definition
movement through cell MEMBRANE WITHOUT ENERGY
Term
ENDOcytosis
Definition
cell SURROUNDS substance with CELL MEMBRANE
Term
EXOcytosis
Definition
GOING OUT! ...VESICLES release contents OUTSIDE of cell
Term
Facilitated diffusion
Definition
They HELP LARGE things INTO the cell
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