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cell process
Standring DNA JMIS7
35
Science
7th Grade
10/26/2011

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Term
Photosynthesis
Definition
Process by which a cell captures energy in sunlight and uses it to make food
Term
Autotroph
Definition
An organsim that can make its own food
Term
Heterotroph
Definition
An organism that cannot make its own food
Term
Pigments
Definition
Colored chemical cells
Term
Chlorophyll
Definition
The main photosynthetic pigments in chloroplasts
Term
Stomata
Definition
Carbon dioxide enters the plant trough small openings on the undersides of the leaves.
Term
Respiration
Definition
is the process by which cells obtain energy from glucose.
Term
Fermentation
Definition
an energy realizing process that does not require oxygen.
Term
Cell cycle
Definition
The regular sequence of growth and division that cells undergo
Term
interphase
Definition
The first stage of the cell cycle, also is the period before cell division. During this stage the cell grows, makes a copy of its DNA, and prepares to divide into two cells.
Term
Mitosis
Definition
The second stage of the cell cycle and the stage during which the cell's nucleus divides into two new nuclei.
Term
Chromosomes
Definition
During prophase the threadlike chromatin in the nucleus condenses to form double-rod structures, each of these has two rods because cell's DNA has replicated and each rod is called a chromatid.
Term
Cytokinesis
Definition
final stage of the cell cycle and completes the cell division
Term
Diploid
Definition
a cell that contains two sets of chromosomes one set from each parent.
Term
Meiosis
Definition
The process by which the number of chromosomes is reduced by half creating sex cells.
Term
Prophase
Definition
Chromatin in the nucleus condenses to from the chromosomes. The pairs of centrioles move to opposite sides of the nucleus.
Term
Metaphase
Definition
The chromosomes line up across the center of the cell. Each spindle fiber attaches to a spindle fiber at its centromere.
Term
Anaphase
Definition
The centromeres split. the two chromatids separate, and each chromatid becomes a new chromosome. The new chromosomes move to opposite ends of the cell.
the cell stretches out as the opposite ends are pushed apart.
Term
Telophase
Definition
The chromosomes begin to stretch out and lose their rod-like appearance. A new nuclear envelope forms around each region of chromosomes. The DNA is once again separated from the cytoplasm be a membrane.
Term
Chromatid
Definition
one of the two identical copies of DNA making up a duplicated chromosome, which are joined at their centromeres.
Term
Chromatin
Definition
Mass of genetic material composed of DNA and proteins that condense to form chromosomes during eukaryotic cell division.
Term
Centriole
Definition
one of a pair of cellular organelles that are adjacent to the nucleus, function in the formation of the spindle apparatus during cell division.
Term
Centromere
Definition
The constricted region joining the two sister chromatids that make up an X-shaped chromosome.
Term
DNA
Definition
The genetic material that carries information about an organism and is passed from parent to offspring.
Term
Haploid
Definition
A set of chromosomes containing only one member of each chromosome pair.
Term
photosynthesis equation
Definition
Carbon dioxide + water ⇒ a sugar + oxygen
Term
equation for respiration
Definition
sugar + oxygen ⇒Carbon dioxide + water
Term
How is fermentation different to respiration?
Definition
Respiration uses oxygen to help break down food and fermentation does not.
Term
What are the 3 parts of interphase?
Definition
Cell grows, makes a copy of its DNA, and prepares to divide.
Term
What is the difference between diploid and haploid?
Definition
The difference is that the diploid is one part of the chromosome and the haploid is the other.
Term
How do the base pairs for DNA pair up?
Definition
A with T, C with G, T with A, G with C
Term
Describe the structure of DNA
Definition
Wound tightly around proteins, the proteins help support the chromosomes structure, the strands also look like a twisted ladder. Each rung is made up of a pair of molecule called nitrogen bases.
Term
Spindle fiber/microtubule
Definition
21. Spindle fiber/microtubule: From a bridge between the ends of the cell.
Term
How does the cell replication process of DNA happen
Definition
the cell makes an exact copy of the DNA in its nucleus
Term
Which cell undergo meiosis and why?
Definition
Cells that become sex cells undergo meiosis because they only have ½ the number of chromosomes so that they can fuse with another cell.
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