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Cell cycle, cell reproduction, mitosis, cell cycle control
Bio 111
20
Biology
Undergraduate 1
02/27/2013

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Cards

Term
List and describe the 2 phases of the cell cycle
Definition
Interphase and mitosis
Term
List and describe 3 phases of interphase
Definition

1. G1= normal cell function, organelles duplicate

2. S= DNA replicates, a centromere holds chromosomes together

3. G2= Proteins for mitosis produced

Term
Define cytokinesis
Definition
When the cell splits in two during mitosis
Term
Explain the purposes of cell division
Definition
To form new tissue, organs, and finally and organism
Term
Define binary fission
Definition
Asexual reproduction
Term
List the two types of cell division in eukaryotes
Definition

Mitosis- produces somatic cells, identical to parent cell

Meiosis- produces gametes, unique from parent

Term
Differentiate mitosis and meiosis in terms of cells produced, and whether the daughter cells are identical to the parent cells or not
Definition
same as ^ mitosis about 70 times
Term
Explain the function of mitosis, where it occurs, and what is produced
Definition
Occurs everywhere except germs in gonads, produces daughter cells identical to parent, normal cells divide about 70 times
Term
Identify cells that are not produced by mitosis
Definition
Germ cells in gonads
Term
List the four phases of mitosis and state the events that occur in each phase
Definition

1. Prophase: chromatin condenses into chromosomes, nuclear envelope breaks down

2. Metaphase: sister chromatids align at the equator

3. Anaphase: sister chromatids are pulled apart to opposite sides of the cell

4. Telophase: chromosomes relax back into chromatin, microtubes disassemble, nuclear envelope reforms

Term
Differentiate cytokinesis in animal and plant cells
Definition

Animals: band of protein pinches cell into 2 parts

Plants: vesicles form a cell plate between 2 parts

Term
Describe telomeres and explain their function in cell division
Definition
Protective caps at the end of cells; shorten during each cell division
Term
List 3 cell cycle checkpoints and explain what is checked at each
Definition

G1- proper growth signals

G2- DNA replicated properly

M- Chromosomes properly attached to spindle fibers

Term
Define apoptosis and describe events that occur during it
Definition
programing cell death, cell rounds up and separates from neighbors, nucleus fragments, plasma membrane blisters
Term
Identify the enzyme involved in apoptosis
Definition
Caspases
Term
Define cancer
Definition
Unrestrained cell division
Term
List and describe several characteristics of cancer cells
Definition
Normal cells stop dividing, cells lack differentiation, abnormal nuclei
Term
Contact Inhibition
Definition
normal cells stop dividing when start to bump into other cells
Term
Angiogenesis
Definition
Cell secretes factors to promote blood vessel growth
Term
Anchorage dependence
Definition
Metastasis
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