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Cell Bio Muscle Development
KYCOM Block 2
61
Biology
Graduate
09/24/2012

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Term
in regards to muscle development what does the paraxial mesoderm form
Definition
somites and 7 somatomeres
Term
in regards to muscle development where are the somatomeres located
Definition
in the head
Term
in regards to muscle development what are the somatomeres made of, what do the look like
Definition
whorls of mesenchyme partially segmented
Term
in regards to muscle development what do somatomeres make
Definition
voluntary muscles of the head: tounge, extraoccular, muscles associated with pharyngeal arches
Term
what is the formation of the musches the somatomeres make regulated by
Definition
neural crest cells
Term
in regards to muscle development where are the somites located
Definition
occipital to sacral
Term
in regards to muscle development what do the somites make
Definition
axial skeleton, body wall, limbs, occipital to tail bud, some voluntary head muscles
Term
what is the formation of voluntary head muscles by the somites regulated by
Definition
neural crest cells
Term
what is the first thing that happens to somites when it is making muscle
Definition
epithelization: makes epithelial ball with a cavity
Term
what are the two regions of the somites that make muscle
Definition
ventral, upper, dorsalmedial lip, ventromedial lip
Term
in regards to muscle development what does the ventral region of the somite make
Definition
scleratome (mesenchyme) that turns into vertebral and rib muscles
Term
in regards to muscle development what does the dorsal region of the somite make
Definition
dermatome then progenertor muscles then dermytome
Term
in regards to muscle development what do the dorsomedial and ventrolateral lips make
Definition
2 progenrator muscles, then dermytome
Term
in regards to muscle development what does the ectoderm make
Definition
smooth muscle (sweat glands, papillary, mammary galnds)
Term
in regards to muscle development what do the splanchnic mesoderm make
Definition
some smooth muscle, cardiac muscle
Term
where are the splanchnic mesoderm that make heart muscle located
Definition
around heart tube
Term
where are the splanchnic mesoderm cells located
Definition
around gut and derivatives of the gut
Term
begining with a precursor cell, describe the process of the creation of skeletal muscle
Definition
precursor cell > myoblasts > myoblasts fuse into multinucleate muscle fibers > myofilaments appear in cytoplasm > striations visible
Term
what month do striations become visible in skeletal muscle
Definition
mo 3
Term
what turns into tendons
Definition
somitomere that isnt well organized
Term
where is the somitomere that makes tendons located
Definition
adjacent to myotome and anterior and postioer border of somite
Term
what transcription factor regulates the development of tendons
Definition
scleraxis
Term
what are the three main things that influence muscle production
Definition
ectoderm, neural tube, notochord
Term
what does BMP4 stand for
Definition
bone morphogenic protein 4
Term
what does FGF stand for
Definition
fibroblast growth factors
Term
what does SHH stand for
Definition
sonic hedgehog
Term
what does MRF stand for
Definition
myogenic regulatory factors
Term
where do FGFs come from
Definition
lateral plate mesoderm
Term
where does WNT come from
Definition
adjacent ectoderm
Term
what singals ventrolateral lip cells of the dermomytome to expres muscle specific genes
Definition
BMP4, FGFs, WNT
Term
what msucles specific genes does the ventrolateral lip cells express
Definition
MYF5, MYO-D
Term
what is BMP4 made by
Definition
ectoderm
Term
what induces production of WNT proteins by the dorsal nerve tube
Definition
BMP4
Term
at the same time WNT is made by the dorsal nerve tube what is happening at the neural tube
Definition
SHH proteins secreted in low concentrations
Term
in what part of the neural tube is SHH made
Definition
notochord and floor plate
Term
what do WNT and SHH affect
Definition
the dorsomedial lip cells of the dermomytome to release MYF5 and MYO-D
Term
what does the SHH do in ventrolaeral lip cells
Definition
nothing
Term
what are MYO-D and MYF5, what family
Definition
transcription factors of the MRF family
Term
what does the MRF family do
Definition
activate pathways for muscle development
Term
what week can limb muscles be seen
Definition
week 7
Term
describe the process of the formation of limb muscles
Definition
1. mesenchyme from dorsal lateral cells of somite condense near limb bud
2. cells migrate to limb bud
3. somatic mesoderm makes connective tissue
4. connective tissue determines the pattern of muscle formation
5. limb elongates making felxor and extensor components
6. the initially segmental muscle fuses and is now made of tissue from many segments
Term
what is the relationshio between the tissue that form limb muscles and bones
Definition
it is the same one! somatic mesoderm
Term
what determines the pattern of limb bud formation
Definition
connective tissue derived from somatic mesoderm
Term
what do the upper limb buds lie opposite to
Definition
lower 5 cervical and upper two thoracic segments
Term
what do the lower limb buds lie opposite to
Definition
lower 4 lumbar and upper two sacral segments
Term
how and when do nerves penetrate the limb buds, which ones
Definition
as buds form, ventral primary rami from the appropirate spinal nerves penetrate into the mesenchyme. at first each eami enters with isolated dorsal and ventral branches but the soon unite! forming a large dorsal and ventral nerve
Term
tell the tale of the formation of cardiac muscle
Definition
once upon a time
1. splanchnic mesoderm around the endothelial tube decided to grow
2. myoflblasts adhered via intercelated discs WITHOUT FUSING
3. myofibrils developed
4. some very special bundles of heart cells with irregular myofibrils were visible
5. they were promoted to perkinje fibers
Term
what forms aortic and large artery smooth muscle
Definition
lateral plate mesoderm and neural crest cells
Term
what forms gut and gut derivative smooth muscle
Definition
splanchnic mesoderm of lateral plate
Term
what forms coronary arteries smooth muscle
Definition
proepicardia and neural crest cells
YOU SHOULD PROBABLLY KNOW THIS
Term
WHAT IS THE THING YOU SHOULD PROBABLLY KNOW EVERY WORD OF FROM THE MUSCLE DEVELOPMENT LECTURE
Definition
PROEPICARDIA AND NEURAL CREST CELLS MAKE CORONARY ARTERY SMOOTH MUSCLE
Term
WHAT DOES THE PROEPICARDIA AND NEURAL CREST CELLS MAKE WHEN THEY JOIN FORCES
Definition
CORONARY ARTERY SMOOTH MUSCLE
Term
YOU BETTER NOT MARK THIS CARD RIGHT AND KEEP DOING IT A MILLION TIMES BECAUSE YOU NEED TO KNOW VERY VERY VERY WELL WHAT MAKES THE SMOOTH MUSCLE OF THE CORONARY ARTERY
Definition
PROEPICARDIA AND NEURAL CREST
Term
what makes the smooth muscle of the dilator of the pupil, sphinctors, and muscle in mammary and sweat glands
Definition
ectoderm
Term
what happens in poland anomaly
Definition
complete absence of pectoralis major (and sometimes minor too)
Term
what happens in prune belly syndrome
Definition
complete or partial absence of abdominal muscles
Term
what symptoms does prune belly have
Definition
internal organs visible or palpable, bladder, urethre, or urinary malformation or obstruction, incresed fluid leads to distension of abdomen and atrophy of muscles
Term
what is the inhericance of muscular dystrophy
Definition
x-linked
Term
what does muscular dystrophy cause
Definition
atrophy of muscles leading to weakines
Term
what is the most common muscular dystrophy
Definition
duchenne
Term
what gene is broken in muscular dystrophy, what does it do
Definition
dystrophin is in a complex linking ECM and cytoskeleton
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