Details Title: Cell Biology Terms Description: Virginia Tech BMES 5004 Total Flash Cards: 23 Created: 09/13/2008 15:52:14		New Users: To study from this flashcard set, or to create your own your own study flash cards, REGISTER HERE. Existing Users: CLICK HERE. Additional Physiology Flashcards
Cards in this set: Term Lipid Bilayer Definition Foundation for most membranes. Consists of phospholipids, which contain a hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tail. Ends of bilayer are hydrophilic while middle area is hydrophobic. Term Mitochondria Definition Specialized membrane organelle who makes energy (ATP). Built upon the semi-permeable membrane and concentration gradients. Term Nucleus Definition Organelle that stores cellular DNA Term Hepatocyte Definition Liver cell, responsible for detoxifying blood and glucose management. Term Pancreatic Exocrine Cell Definition "Beta cell". Makes insulin. Destroyed by diabetes. Term Endoplasmic Reticulum Definition Membrane organalle that deals with protein synthesis Term Membrane Lipid Definition Contains two hydrophobic fatty acids (typically long chains of carbon) attached to a backbone, attached to a hydrophilic group, typically phosphate. Term Sphingomyelins Definition Ceramide backbone attached to fatty acids, and choline by a phosphate. Exceptionally important to nervous system. Term Cholesterol Definition Hydrophobic carbon ring structure with hydrophilic oxygen portion. Kink in the lipid bi-layer that increases membrane fluidity. Keeps the membrane from being a solid wall. Term 7TM-GPCR (7 trans-membrane G protein coupled receptor) Definition Receptor that goes through the membrane seven times. Allows signals to pass through otherwise impermeable membrane. Hormones bind to this receptor, which causes a conformational change in the receptor such that the G protein can bind to it. Term Endocytosis Definition Process of taking molecules into a cell from the outside by surrounding molecule with membrane, and pinching it off into the cell. General term, divided into two processes: phagocytosis and pinocytosis Term Phagocytosis Definition Form of endocytosis where large particles (food, bacteria, etc.) are generally brought in. Term Pinocytosis Definition Form of endocytosis where very small particles (often fluid) tend to be brought in. Term Exocytosis Definition Vesicles on the inside of the cell exit the cell by pushing through the membrane in turn surrounding the vesicle with its own membrane. Term Diffusion Definition Method of molecule movement where molecules spontaneously distribute evenly based on concentration gradient. Rate is not linear, decreases by square of distance. Term Osmosis Definition Movement of water. Used to balance concentration gradients when the molecules responsible for the gradient are impermeable to the membrane. Uses water to dilute gradient. Term Osmotic Pressure Definition The pressure required to prevent osmosis. Basis for how the Kidney works. Term Facilitated Transport Definition Gates that help molecules impermeable to the membrane to pass based on their concentration gradient. Gate opens when a specific molecule binds to the gate, allowing that molecule to pass. Has a maximum rate of transport based on number of pores. Term Active Transport Definition Transport method based on physically pumping molecules against the concentration gradient using energy. Divided into primary and secondary modes. Term Primary Active Transport Definition Form of transport that uses energy directly (ATP) to pump molecules against concentration gradient. Term Secondary Active Transport Definition Form of transport where molecules are actively pumped against their concentration gradient by using the energy stored in a different molecules gradient. Term Symporter Definition Active transport where the concentration gradient of a secondary molecule is used to pump the desired primary molecule in. Both molecules ENTER the cell. Term Antiporter Definition Active transport where the concentration gradient of a secondary molecule is used to pump a primary, desired, molecule. The secondary leaves the cell, whereas the primary enters.