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Cell Bio Digestive Development 2
KYCOM Block 3
63
Biology
Graduate
11/07/2012

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Term
as the gut tube elongates what forms, in general
Definition
primary intestinal loop
Term
where does the vitiline duct appear
Definition
at the apex of the primary loop
Term
what does the vitiline duct connect
Definition
yolk sac to intestinal loop
Term
which side of the primary intestinal loop grows faster
Definition
cephalic
Term
what are the limbs of the intestinal loop
Definition
cephalic and caudal
Term
what does the cephalic limb of intestinal loop make
Definition
duodenum, jejunum, ileum
Term
what does the caudal limb of the intestinal loop make
Definition
ileum, cecum, ascending colon, 2/3 of transverse colon, appendix
Term
what occurs in physiological herniation, why
Definition
rapid growth of gut tube, abdominal cavity is too small, loop goes into extra embryonic cavity in the umbilical cord
Term
approx when does physiological herniation ocur
Definition
week 6
Term
what is the axis the gut tube rotates around during development
Definition
superior mesenteric artery
Term
total, what is the rotation of the gut tube
Definition
270 deg counter clockwise
Term
why do loops form in the small intestines
Definition
elongation continues and loops form so it will fit
Term
the gut tube rotates 270 deg in development: what are the components of this rotation, where do they happen
Definition
90 deg is during herniation, 180 deg is during intestinal loop formation
Term
why do the intestines go back into the abdominal cavity
Definition
room has been made: liver is smaller, kidney regreses, the cavity is bigger
Term
about when do the intestines move back into the abdominal cavity
Definition
week 10
Term
what re-enters the abdominal cavity first after herniation, where does it go, what does this do to its shape
Definition
jejunum comes in an makes diagional coils due to its diagonal descent
Term
what re-enters the abdomination cavity second after herniation, where does it go
Definition
ileum to the right
Term
what is the last thing to re-enter the abdominal cavity after herniation
Definition
cecal bud
Term
when does the cecal bud begin to form
Definition
week 6
Term
describe the formation of the cecal bud and its descent from re-enterence into the abdominal cavity
Definition
conical dilation in caudal loop, it starts on the upper right and descends to iliac fossa over time as appendix forms
Term
what are the common locations of the appendix
Definition
retrocecal or retrocolic
Term
why is the appendix commonly retrocecal or retrocolic
Definition
because it forms as the cecum is descending and is dragged up behind it
Term
what develops from the hind gut
Definition
distal 1/3 of transverse colon, descending colon, rectum, upper anal canal
Term
what does the endoderm from the hindgut form
Definition
bladder lining and urethra
Term
what forms the primitive anorectal canal
Definition
cloacal part of the hindgut entering the posterior cloaca
Term
what forms the primitive urogenital sinus
Definition
allantos part of the hindgut entering the anterior cloaca
Term
what is a cloaca
Definition
endoderm lined cavity, bound at enterence by endoderm (cloacal membrane). forms urogenital and hindgut place to empty
Term
what forms the urorectal septa
Definition
mesothelium of allentos and yolk sac
Term
what does the urorectal septa seperate
Definition
allantois and hindgut
Term
when does the urorectal septa form, what events are happening
Definition
during growth and caudal folding
Term
what does the urorectal septa come close to and never touch? what then happens to this structure? when?
Definition
cloacal membrane. week 7 it reupures
Term
what does the cloacal membrane form when it ruptures
Definition
anal canal and ventral urogenital sinus
Term
what closes off the anal canal, when
Definition
week 7, proliferation of ECTODERM
Term
what does prolieration of ECTODERM CLOSE OFF IN DIGESTIVE DEVELOPMENT KNOW THIS
Definition
ANAL CANAL
Term
where does the caudal end of the anal canal come from
Definition
ectoderm
Term
where does the crainial end of the anal canal come from
Definition
endoderm
Term
what supplies blood to the caudal anal canal, where does it come from
Definition
internal pudendial gives inferior rectal a
Term
what type of tissue is the caudal end of the anal canal
Definition
simple columnar
Term
where does blood supply for the cranial end of the anal canal come from, what is it a branch of
Definition
inferior mesenteric gives superior rectal a
Term
what type of tissue is the cranial anal canal
Definition
stratified squamous
Term
what does the pectinate line seperate
Definition
ectoderm and endoderm origin in the anal canal, blood supply and tissue changes
Term
what happens after the ectoderm closes off the anal canal, when
Definition
in week 9 it recanilizes
Term
what causes gastroschisis
Definition
herniation of abdominal viscera into abdominal cavity lateral to umbilicus
Term
what is a dangerous possibility when someone has gastroschisis
Definition
the organs out in the amniotic fluid could be damaged by the fluid
Term
how can you tell if someone has gastroschisis
Definition
a-fetoprotein will show in amniotic fluid
Term
what situation or description of people would indicate increased risk for gastroschisis
Definition
males, children of a mother who did cocaine
Term
what cause gastroschisis
Definition
NOT a chromosome abnormaility
Term
how can gastroschisis be treated
Definition
surgery
Term
what causes omphcilocele
Definition
herniation of the abdominal viscera through enlarged umbilical ring
Term
how is omphalocele different from gastroschisis
Definition
the abdominal organs have amnion covering and it is caused by the bowl not returning properlly due to a chromosome abnormaility
Term
what are the symptoms of omphalocele
Definition
high mortality, cardiac and neural tube defects, malformation
Term
what causes meckel's diverticulum KNOW ME
Definition
vitiline duct stays forming ileum outpocket called ileal diverticulum
Term
what are the normal symptoms of meckel's diverticulum KNOW ME
Definition
none
Term
what are the rare symtpoms of meckel's diverticulum, what causes them KNOW ME KNOW ME
Definition
it has heterotrphic pancreatic tissue or gastric mucosa in it that can cause ulceration, bleeding, perforation
Term
what is atresia
Definition
absence of an opening
Term
what is stenosis
Definition
narrowing of an opening
Term
where can atresia and stenosis occur KNOW KNOW KNOW
Definition
anywhere in gut but MOSTLY IN THE DUODENUM
Term
WHAT OCCURS MOSTLY IN THE DUODENUM KNOW KNOW KNOW
Definition
ATRESIA AND STENOSIS
Term
why does atresia or stenosis occur in the upper duodenum
Definition
because of poor recanalization
Term
why does atresia or stenosis occur in the middle and lower duodenum
Definition
vessel occlusion or decrease so segment dies and causes narrowing or loss or segment
Term
what cause retrotrthreal and rectovaginal fistulas
Definition
abnormal cloacal or urorectal septum formation because cloaca is too small, rectum is not caudal enough, hindgut shifts, etc
Term
what causes rectoanal atresia
Definition
usually vascular issue, loss of rectum or anus
Term
what cause imperforate anus
Definition
anal membrane does not break down
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