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CDC 4N071 Vol 2 Unit 4
CDC 4N071 Vol 2 Unit 4
70
Medical
Not Applicable
01/07/2010

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Cards

Term
(218) What additional risk factors contribute to diabetic neuropathy?
Definition
High blood pressure, over weight, and over the age of 40
Term
(218) explain the four main types of neuropathies.
Definition
Peripheral can cause either pain or loss of feeling in the toes, feet, legs, hands, and arms.
Autonomic causes changes to the organ systems like the digestive, sexual responses, and perspiration as well as the nerves that serve the heart.
Proximal neuropathy can cause pain the the thighs, hips or buttock that may lead to weakness in the legs.
Focal neuropathy results in the sudden weakness of one nerve or a group of nerves causing weakness or pain at the nerve site.
Term
(218) Why is it important for all diabetic patients to perform daily foot care?
Definition
Peripheral neuropathy can lead to changes in the patient's gait causing foor deformities such as hammertoes and the collapse of the midfoot (flattened arches) may occur. Blisters and sores appear on the numb areas of the foot because the pressure or injury goes unnoticed.
Term
(218) With autonomic neuropathy, how are the heart and circulatory systems affected?
Definition
the nerves interfere with the body's ability to adjust blood pressure and heart rate. The result is a sharp drop in blood pressure with position changes, or the heart rate remaining high instead of rising and falling in response to normal function or exercise.
Term
(218) Which type of neuropathy is most often seen in older patients?
Definition
Focal neuropathy
Term
(218) What is the primary treatment used to prevent or delay diabetic neuropathy?
Definition
To bring the blood glucose levels within normal range.
Term
(219) Explain the two main categories of seizures?
Definition
Partial seizures occur in just one part of the brain. Generalized involves abnormal activity in may parts of the brain.
Term
(219) Define epilepsy.
Definition
Epilepsy is a brain disorder in which clusters of nerve cells, or neurons in the brain sometimes signal abnormally.
Term
(219) Give a brief explanation of the six subcategories of generalized seizures.
Definition
1.Absence seizure seem to be staring into space and or have twitching or jerking muscles. the individual is conscious, but unaware of their surroundings.
2.Tonic seizures cause stiffening of the large muscle groups of the body, generally those muscles in the legs, back and arms.
3.Clonic seizures cause repeated jerking movements of muscles on both sides of the body.
4.Myoclonic seizures cause jerks or twitches of the upper body, arms or legs.
5.Atonic seizures cause a loss in the normal muscle tone. A-meaning without, tonic-meaning tone or contraction.
6.Tonic-clonic seizures are a mixture of both the tonic and clonic seizure activities.
Term
(219) What is one of the best ways to determine the type of seizure?
Definition
Taking a detailed medical history, including symptoms and the duration of the seizures, is still one of the best methods to determine the type of seizure.
Term
(219) When is a seizure considered life threatening, and what actions should the AMSC take.
Definition
If an individual has a prolonged seizure more than 5 minutes, this is considered to be a life-threatening event possible needing life-saving measures to include oxygen, IV therapy, and possibly CPR and intubation.
Term
(220) With a comatose patient, what aspects of patient care does the health care team concentrate on?
Definition
Preventing infections and maintaining the patient's physical state.
Term
(220) Who else is able to provide essential care for the unconscious or immobile patient an dhow is this care provided?
Definition
Family members and friends. Some skills are easy to learn, such as changing a bed and providing skin care. Helping with personal care like bathing and using the toilet can also be learned. Some of the equipment that may be used is a portable commode, bedpan, or urinal.
Term

(220) Match the conditions listed below to either  (A)tracheosomy or (B) Endotracheal tube type of artificial airway.

 

1) most common for long-term pediatric and neonatal patients.

2) cuffed tube used in conjunction with positive pressure ventilation.

3) cuff may cause mucosal ulceration in 5-7 days.

4) soft balloon cuff pressure is checked every 8hrs.

5) primarily used for long-term ventilatory support.

6) usually removed after 48-72 hrs.

7) Long-term complication of tracheal stenosis

Definition

1-B

2-A

3-B

4-A

5-A

6-B

7-B

Term
(221) What are the two categories of patient assessment?
Definition
Trauma or Medical
Term
(221) What are the main components of a trauma assessment?
Definition
scene size-up, initial assessment, rapid trauma assessment, detailed physical exam.
Term
(221) explain the three velocity categories.
Definition
1. Low velocity: the force of a hand usually makes these injuries, such as a stab wound with a knife. Injuries are limited to the area that was penetrated. Low velocity does not mean minimal injury. There may be multiple wounds, or the knife blade may have been moved inside the patient causing damage to multiple vital organs.
2. Medium velocity: handguns and shotguns usually cause these wounds. Some forcefully propelled item launched by an external force to produce more energy.
3. High velocity: Bullets propelled by a high-powered or assault rifle are of high velocity.
Term
(221) What is the purpose of the initial assessment?
Definition
To discover and deal with any life threatening problems.
Term
(221) What are considered high priority patient conditions?
Definition
Poor general impression, unresponsive, responsive but not following commands, difficulty breathing, shock, complicated childbirth, chest pain with systolic blood pressure less than 100, uncontrolled bleeding, severe pain anywhere.
Term
(221) Explain the acronym DCAP-BTLS
Definition
Deformities- altered appearance
Contusions- bruises
Abrasions- most common
Punctures/Penetrations- holes
Burns- ouch
Tenderness- pain upon palpation
Lacerations- cut/open wound may have significant bleeding under the skin
Swelling- very common with injured capillary bleeding under the skin
Term
(221) When assessing a patient's neck during an RTA, what will you be evaluating?
Definition
Jugular vein distension(JVD), Tracheal deviate(trachea shifts to one side, sign of a severe chest injury), stomas, medical alert tags, measure and apply cervical collar.
Term
(221) At what point of the trauma assessment will you treat non-life threatening injuries?
Definition
During the detailed physical exam.
Term
(221) Explain the five categories of triage.
Definition
1:minimal, color code green. Minor treatment required to minimize pain and suffering. This category also encompasses vitims and medical personnel either emotionally overwhelmed or physically overtaxed by the situation. Minimal patients are commonly called the "walking wounded"
2:Delayed, color code yellow. injury is serious, but a delay in treatment will not jeopordize life or limb to an unreasonable extent.
3. immediate, color code red. patients who require immediate treatment in order to save life or limb.
5. deceased, color code black. mortuary affairs notification is required for transport and disposition. When communicating over the radio, these casualties are referred to as "DELTAs"
Term
(221) What are the marking you would use if triage tags were not available?
Definition
"Dead" for dead, "I" for severely injured, or "D" for moderately injured. unmarked or untagged persons should be considered unevaluated.
Term
(221) What are the six steps used in rapid extrication for the seated patient?
Definition
1. takes multiple persons to extricate.
2. manually stabilize and apply rigid collar.
3. at the direction of the individual holding stabilization, two additional persons will lift the patient and slide long spine board between the patient and the seat.
4. the two additional persons will reposition their hands ond holding the upper chest and arms, the other stabilizing the pelvis and legs.
5. then quickly secure patient to board and remove from vehicle.
6. assess distal PMS and transport.
Term
(222) explain the normal flow of electrical conduction through the heart.
Definition
the sinoatrial(SA) node generates an electrical impulse that travels through the right and left atrial muscles: the P wave represents atrial depolarization. The electrical impulse then continues to travel through specialized tissue (internal nodal pathways) leading the electricity to the atrioventricular (AV) node: the ventricular contraction is represented electrically on the ECG by the QRS complex. The T-wave represents the electrical changes in the ventricles as re-polarizing.
Term
(222) why is the re-polarization of the atria's not seen on an ECG?
Definition
The re-polarization of the atria is not seen on the ECG because the electrical activity of the ventricle is more powerful and is seen as the electrical activity in the QRS complex.
Term
(222)What are likely causes of extrinsic mechanisms or arrhythmias?
Definition
Cardiac drugs such as digoxin, lidocain, epinephrine, and isoproterenol, trauma, or heat exhaustion can stress the heart are extrinsic causes of arrhythmias.
Term
(222) Cardiac conditions and heart rhythms. may be more than one answer.

Lower chambers quiver
a. Pulseless v-tach
b. V-fib
c. PEA
d. Asystole
Definition
b. V-fib
Term
(222) Cardiac conditions and heart rhythms. may be more than one answer.

Needs advanced life support and medication.
a. Pulseless v-tach
b. V-fib
c. PEA
d. Asystole
Definition
c. PEA
d. Asystole
Term
(222) Cardiac conditions and heart rhythms. may be more than one answer.

Caused by hypoxia
a. Pulseless v-tach
b. V-fib
c. PEA
d. Asystole
Definition
b. V-fib
c. PEA
Term
(222) Cardiac conditions and heart rhythms. may be more than one answer.

Ectopic pacemaker in ventricles
a. Pulseless v-tach
b. V-fib
c. PEA
d. Asystole
Definition
a. Pulseless v-tach
Term
(222) Cardiac conditions and heart rhythms. may be more than one answer.

Caused by cardiac tamponade
a. Pulseless v-tach
b. V-fib
c. PEA
d. Asystole
Definition
c. PEA
Term
(222) Why is it important for early defibrillation when treating V-fib or Pulseless V-tach?
Definition
When defibrillation is done withing the first minute, the survival rate is close to 90%. survival then decreases by 2-10% per minute. By 10minutes, chances of survival are almost none. This rapid decrease is primarily due to the depletion of the heart's energy stores by the fibrillating heart.
Term
(223) A soldier's ability to cope with stress will increase when he or she gains confidence in what three elements?
Definition
Self-confidence, the confidence in the equipment, and his or her fellow soldiers.
Term
(223) Explain the fight or flight response a soldier may experience on the battlefield.
Definition
the soldier is torn between the will to survive, the need to escape or run.
Term
(223) why is it important that the combat stress patient does not identify himself or herself as a sick patient?
Definition
they increase the likelihood of returning to duty.
Term
(223) What are the six individual principles of BICEPS?
Definition
Brevity, Immediacy, Centrality, Expectancy, Proximity, and Simplicity.
Term
(223) When using BICEPS principles, combat stress patients should be treated no longer than how many hours?
Definition
72hrs
Term
(223) Explain the proximity principle of BICEPS
Definition
Care is provided in an area as close as possible to the individual's unit of assignment. This again enforces the idea that the individual will be returning to the unit; it also allows the opportunity to maintain unit bonding.
Term
(223) Battle fatigue causalities should be allowed to rest for a minimum of how many hours?
Definition
4hrs
Term
(223) What kind of support can the AMSC provide for the combat stress patient?
Definition
Helping individuals gain an understanding of the symptoms they're having. help to provide a way for the individuals to express their feelings, and never respond with criticism, but acceptance. Bolster the individual's coping mechanism.
Term
(224) Heat casualties are the result of the interaction of what three factors?
Definition
The soldier, The external heat stress from the environment and the internal heat stress required by the mission.
Term
(224) In hot environments, how much water can a soldier lose and what is the maxiumum fluid intake?
Definition
15liters per day loss
do not exceed 12quarts per day intake.
Term
(224) Explain hyponatremia: the cause and the side effects.
Definition
Low blood sodium generally happens after drinking too much plain water, over several hours, hyponatremia can lead to damage of certain kinds of tissues in the body. Changes are most noticeable in the nervous system, where seizures, coma, and even death can result.
Term
(224) During a continuous easy work schedule, what is the fluid replacement guidelin for the heat category red?
Definition
3/4 qt/hr
Term
(224) What is the WBGT index?
Definition
The standard metric for environmental stress.
Term
(224) The rate at which sweat can evaporate is also known as what?
Definition
Humidity
Term
(224) What three elements are taken into consideration for work intensity?
Definition
Work intensity in MOPP 0-1, Work intensity in MOPP 2-4, activity.
Term
(224) What is the average caloric intake of a typical adult and the caloric intake needed by a member of the special forces?
Definition
Typical adult requires 1500-2000
special forces 6000-8000 calories a day
Term
(224) Performance eating nutrition should include what percentage of carbohydrates, protein, and fat of the total caloric intake?
Definition
Carbohydrates 55-70%
Protein 12-15%
Fat 30-35%
Term
(224) Explain sustained and continuous operations.
Definition
During sustained operations, warfighters get less than four hours sleep each night, which is considered severe sleep restriction or deprivation. Sustained operations can go on for days. Continuous operations, warfighters get four or more but less than seven hours sleep each night, which is considered mild to moderate sleep restriction. Continuous operations can go on for weeks or months.
Term
(218) What are the four types of diabetic neuropathy?
a. autonomic, peripheral, focal, proximal.
b. generalized, partial, proximal, autonomic
c. partial, focal, generalized, peripheral
d. focal, progressive, autonomic, generalized
Definition
a. autonomic, peripheral, focal, proximal.
Term
(218) Autonomic neuropathy affects the body system that
a. restores blood glucose levels to normal after a hypoglycemic episode
b. provides the chemical trigger to rest the body after a hyperglycemic event
c. increases urination to excrete blood glucose faster after a hyperglycemic event
d. decreases the respiraions, and increases the heart rate after a hypoglycemic event.
Definition
a. restores blood glucose levels to normal after a hypoglycemic episode
Term
(219) When is a seizure considered a life-threatening emergency?
a. as soon as it begins.
b. if the individual has not taken any medication
c. when the seizure occurs in a public place
d. after five minutes of seizure activity.
Definition
d. after five minutes of seizure activity.
Term
(220) Individuals in a persistent vegitative state retain
a. all normal body functions
b. responsiveness to the environment
c. communication through blinking
d. noncognitive function and normal sleep patterns
Definition
Term
(220) For patients who are immobile, a primary nursing care is to
a. assist the patient in the abscence of the family
b. schedule physical therapy appointments
c. prevention of pneumonia and bed sores
d. teach the family how to care for the patient
Definition
c. prevention of pneumonia and bed sores
Term
(220) An endotracheal tube is used
a. for short term treatment
b. on adults only
c. for long term treatment
d. for children only
Definition
a. for short term treatment
Term
(220) Ensuring the proper placement of an endotracheal tube is accomplished by what means?
a. aspirating fluid from the lungs
b. auscultation or chest x-ray
c. by irrigating the tube to check for bubbling
d. to mark the tube where the patients lips rest
Definition
b. auscultation or chest x-ray
Term
(221) High priority patient conditions include all of the following except
a. shock
b. responsive but not able to follow commands
c. chest pain with systolic blood pressure less than 150
d. difficulty breathing with respirations of 30 per minute
Definition
c. chest pain with systolic blood pressure less than 150
Term
(221) all of the following are recognized civilian triage colors except
a. red
b. green
c. yellow
d. blue
Definition
d. blue
Term
(222) what arrhythmia is represented by no electrical activity in the heart?
a. asystole
b. ventricular fibrillation
c. pulseless electrical activity (PEA)
d. pulseless ventricular tachycardia
Definition
a. asystole
Term
(223) During combat situations military fighting forces are expected to be affected by combat stress when
a. they have killed the enemy
b. fighting on the front lines
c. they witness death of another soldier
d. exposed to continuous combat for more than 100 days
Definition
d. exposed to continuous combat for more than 100 days
Term
(223) Individual suffering from combat stress should be
a. considered ill
b. isolated from all others
c. allowed to carry out normal activities
d. allowed to provide simple care for other patients
Definition
c. allowed to carry out normal activities
Term
(223) When using the principles of BICEPS, what is the "E"?
a. evacuation
b. expectancy
c. evaluation
d. extreme
Definition
b. expectancy
Term
(223) Most combat stress patients are returned to their unit
a. between 24-48hrs
b. after 72hrs
c. before they become combative
d. after receiving 12hrs of sleep
Definition
a. between 24-48hrs
Term
(224) the need for water intake is
a. necessary when soldiers are thirsty
b. the medical officers responsibility
c. the security sergeants responsibility
d. necessary even when soldiers are not thirsty
Definition
d. necessary even when soldiers are not thirsty
Term
(224) Fluid intake should not exceed
a. 5 quarts per day
b. 1/2 quart per hour
c. 20 quarts per day
d. 1 1/2 quarts per hour
Definition
d. 1 1/2 quarts per hour
Term
(224) What is the principle component of the wet globe temperature?
a. humidity
b. wind
c. cloud cover
d. time of day
Definition
a. humidity
Term
(224) The activity level of cleaning a rifle is considered
a. light
b. heavy
c. very light
d. moderate
Definition
a. light
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