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Case6
N/A
50
Pathology
Graduate
04/22/2011

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Cards

Term
Viral Hepatitis has what phases
Definition
Incubation
Sx Pre icteric
Sx icteric
Convalsence
Term
MC of chronic Hep
Definition
HCV
Term
MC of chronic Hep in vertical transmision, neontal infxn, immunopromised
Definition
HBV
Term
What Hep virus are you most likely to carry w/o any liver damage?
Definition
HBV
Term
What viral Hep are you most likely to carry, have liver involvement but have no Sx/non progessive sx?
Definition
HCV
Term
Ground class viral inclusions in liver cells
Definition
HBV
Term
Lymphoid aggregates, bile duct proliferation in porta tracts, focal macrovesicular steatosis
Definition
HCV
Term
Interface hepatitis
Definition
Viral hepatitis, alcohol induced hepatitis, autoimmune hepatitis (you see clusters of plasma cells at the portal tracts)
Term
Pt has RUG pain, tender hepatomegaly & if you do not Tx this can be fatal
Definition
Bacterial/Parasitic hepatitis
Term
Liver abscess
Definition
Echinococcus, entameoba infections
Term
What parasite can have its cyst rupture causing peitoneal seeding, shock
Definition
Echinococcal
Term
What bacteria can ifnect the liver?
Definition
S. Auerus, S. typi, T. pallidium, anything causing an asceding cholangitis
Term
20 yo female has a form of hepatitis. On micro you see lymphocytes and plasma cells. Plasma cells are clustering at the portal tract. Hi mortality of not tx.
Definition
Autoimmmune hepatitis
Term
ANA+, Anti SMA, anti soluble liver antigen
Definition
Autoimmune hepatitis Type 1
Term
Anti liver kidney microsomal Ab
Definition
Autoimmune Type II
Term
MC of fulimant hepatitis in US?
Prob d/t?
Definition
Drug/Toxin induced hepatitis d/t acetomenophen.
Term
MC acquired metabolic liver d/o & MC cause of crytogenic cirrhosis
Definition
NASH
Term
NAFLD can contribute to the progression of what viral dz?
Definition
HCV
Term
Mallory bodies
Definition
NASH, Alcohol induced hepatitis, Wilson's dz, Alpha 1 AT def
Term
Leading cause of liver dz in W countries
Definition
Alcohol
Term
What phase of alcohol induced hep is completed reversible? Which one is not?
Definition
Steatosis is reversible
Cirrhosis is not, so even if a heavy alcoholic stops drinking they can show up w/ this years later when they start show liver failure/ portal HTN Sx.
Term
Why do we get alcoholic steatosis?
Definition
Alcohol metabolism shunts substrates toward lipid biosyn; impaired assembly & secretion of lipoproteins; inc breakdown of fate
Term
Male has "bronze" DM w cirrhosis, what is it and what is it d/t?
Definition
Hemochromatosis. Mutation of HFE MC; AR. Excessive accumulation of Fe in organs, cause organs to be brown & see hemosiderin in tissues.
Term
Pt has hi levels of Fe and Ferritin
Definition
Hemochromatosis
Term
Dec levels of ceruloplasmin
Dz & Cause
Definition
Wilson's dz. Mutation in ATP7B.
Term
Wilson's dz has toxic inj to what part of the brain. If you have neuro Sx, then you will have what Sign?
Definition
Basal ganglia esp putamen
Kayser-Fleischer rings
Term
If a baby has hepatitis & lung problems?
Definition
Alpha 1 AT Def
Term
Why do will someone have liver problems w A 1 AT def?
Definition
Abn folden protein accumulates in ER & polymerizes => hepatic cell apoptosis.
Term
Pas +, diatase resistant?
Definition
Whipple dz & alpha 1 AT def
Term
Grey depressed stellate scar radiating to periphery. Has lrg vessels w/fibromuscular hyperplasa
Septa: focal lymph infiltrate, bile duct proliferation
Nodule has thickend plates.
dz?, what are RF?
Definition
Focal Nodular Hyperplasia
RF: anabolic steroid use and OCP
Term
Pt has spherical nodules w/o fibrosis in liver.
Micro: plump liver cell w rim of atophic hepatocyte at eges.
What is it? RF? Stain?
Definition
Nodular regenerative hyperplasia
Anything that dec intrahepatic blood flow: transplant, HIV, vasculitis
Reticulin stain
Term
Pt has Hepatoceulluarl CA, what hep is most assoc w this?
Definition
HBV
Term
inc alpha feto protein
RF?
Definition
Hepatoceullular CA
RF: HBV, chornic infxn, aflatoxins, hereditary tyrosemnia alpha 1 AT def, hemochromatosis
Term
Hepatocellular CA likes to inade what?
Definition
Vascular invasion
Term
RF: choledocychal cysts, thorotrast, HCV, primiary sclerosing cholangitis
In Asia what is a major RF?
Definition
ColangioCA
Opisthorchis sinesis
Term
Key features of cirhosis?
Definition
Hobnail look
Need: bridging fibrosis, regenerative nodules, diffuse throughout liver
Term
Main hepatic artery compromised does not usu lead to infarct, what pt is this NOT true for?
Definition
Liver transplant
Term
Pt has manifestation of portal HTN but NOT ascites
Definition
Portal venous thrombosis, poss d/t pancreatic or liver CA.
Term
Nutmeg liver
Definition
L & R sides heart failure
Term
Pt has lots of blood filled cytic spaces, what might they have/be taking
Definition
Bartonela (HIV/AIDS), TB, CA, post transplant, anabolic steroid, rarely OCP
Term
You have heaptic vein thrombosis of 2+ veins what is this called
Definition
Budd Chiari s/o: lrg liver, pain, ascites
Term
Hepatic vein thrombosis is assoc w
Definition
Myeloproliferative d/o, hypercoag, antiphospholipid, paroxysmal nocturanl hemoglobuineria, liver CA
Term
Jamaican drinkers of bush tea, 3 mo after transplant, chemo pt
What is it, what do you see micro
Definition
Venooclusive dz
Oblieteration of hepatic venule by subendothelial swelling & fibrosis. Hemosiderin present.
If chronic can get perivascular fibrosis
Term
Female using OCP accidentaly gets pregnant. All of a sudden she starts to hemorrhage from her liver. What does she have?
Definition
Liver Adenoma. RF: OCP. May rupture during preg d/t hormonal stim. Often beneath the liver capsule.
Term
If there is a liver pathology that is inherited, is it AD or AR?
Definition
AR: Hemochromatosis, Wilson's Dz, alpha 1 AT def,
Term
Causes of bacterial hepatitis?
Definition
S. Aureus, S. typhi, T. pallidium, stuff that cause ascending cholangitis (K. Pneumonia, Enteroccocus, E.coli, Enterobacter, anerobes )
Term
How do drugs/toxins cause liver damage
Definition
Direct inj
Immune mechanisms
Liver converts it into an active toxin
Term
Pathogenesis of NASH
Definition
Hepatic oxidative stress => lipid peroxidation =>ROS
Term
Pathogenesis of Alcohol induced steatosis
Definition
Shunting of substrates to lipid biosyn
Impaired making and secreting lipoproteins
Inc breakdown of peripheral fat
Term
Pathogenesis of hemochromatosis damage to liver?
Definition
Iron causes
Lipid perioxidation by free radicals
Activation of steallate cells to stimulated collagen & fibrosis
ROS cause DNA damage
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