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Carrico Gene essay test flash cards
Carrico Gene essay test flash cards
57
Biology
9th Grade
03/12/2013

Additional Biology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

Human Blood Types:

 

What are the four main human blood groups?

Definition
A, B, AB, and O.
Term

Human Blood Types:

 

What characteristic provides numerous sub-catagories and how is it tesed for?

Definition

The Rhesus Factor

 

The presence of the 'D' antogen in the plasma will either make the blood posotive or negative.

 

If 'D' is preasent, the blood is posotive.

 

If 'D' is not preasent, the blood in negative.

Term

Human Blood Types:

 

What makes the four main blood groups unique?

 

I.E. The blood type ___ has ___ and ___ in its ___.

Definition

A: A antigen, B antibody

B: B antigen, A antibody

AB: A & B antigens, no antibodies

O: no antigens, A & B antibodies

Term

Human Blood Types:

 

What blood type can recieve anything?

 

What blood type can give anything?

Definition

AB+ recieves any other type of blood.

 

O+ can give to anybody.

Term

Human Blood Types:

 

Who was Karl Landsteiner and what did he do?

Definition
Karl Landsteiner was an Austrian biologist who discovered the human blood groups in 1901 and the Rhesus factor in 1937.
Term

Huntington's Disease:

 

How common is huntington's?

 

What chance do you have of passing the gene on?

Definition

every 3 to 7 people per every 100,000 people get it

 

there is a 50/50 chance of passing it on

Term

Huntington's Disease:

 

Is there a cure for huntington's disease?

 

What are some treatments?

Definition

There is no cure for huntington's.

 

Some medications include:

  • dopamine blockers
  • amantadine
  • tetrabenazine
  • emotional support
Term

Huntington's Disease:

 

What chromosome does huntington's disease affect?

Definition
Huntington's is a genetic defect of chromosome 4.
Term

Huntington's Disease:

 

What are the main symptoms of huntington's?

Definition

Emotinoal problems

Uncotroled movements

Loss of power to think/remember

melting brain

 

Term

Huntington's Disease:

 

What is huntington's disease?

Definition
Huntington's disease is a progressive brain disease.
Term

Genetic Engineering

 

Who started the field of genetic engineering and when?

Definition
In 1973, Herbert Boyer Stanley Cohen started the field of genetic engineering.
Term

Genetic Engineering

 

Can scientists custom make organisms?

Definition

 

No. 

Term

Genetic Engineering

 

What can genetic engineering be used for?

Definition

 

 

1. Medicine

2. Agriculture - 60% of food is impacted by genetic engineering

3. Terrorism - bioweapons 

 

Term

Genetic Engineering

 

What are the pros of genetic engineering?

Definition

1. All the traits of an organism are specifically chosen to create the perfect organism.

 

 

Term

Genetic Engineering

 

What are the cons of genetic engineering?

Definition

 

1. Harmful pathogens can be unintended consequences of genetic engineering.

 

2. Will rapidly increase racial discrimination.

Term

Hemophilia

 

What is hemophilia?

Definition

 

Hemophilia is a bleeding disorder in which blood takes a long time to clot.

Term

Hemophilia

 

How is hemophilia A passed on?

 

 

How is it caused?

Definition

 

Hemophilia is a hereditary disease caused by the lack of blood clotting Factor VIII.

 

30% of the cases are the result of spontaneous genetic mutation.

 

Term

Hemophilia

 

How is hemophilia B passed on?

 

What causes hemophilia B?

Definition

 

Hemophilia B is also hereditary (genetic) and is caused by the lack of the blood clotting Factor IX.

 

30% of cases are the result of spontaneous mutation.

Term

Hemophilia

 

What are the symptoms of hemophilia?

Definition

 

External or internal bleeding; bleeding in joints; bleeding from cuts excessively.

Term

Hemophilia

 

What is the best treatment for hemophilia?

 

 

 

 

Definition

 

The best treatment would be replacing the missing clotting factor intravenously.

Term

Hybridization

 

What is a hybrid?

Definition

 

A combination of two different species.

Term

Hybridization

 

What is an F1 offspring?

Definition

 

A single cross hybrid.

Term

Hybridization

 

What is a double cross hybrid?

Definition

 

A result of the cross of two F1 offspring.

Term

Hybridization

 

What is a three-way cross hybrid?

Definition

 

A cross between an F1 and a purebred.

Term

Hybridization

 

 

Definition
Term

Hybridization

 

What is a triple cross hybrid?

Definition

 

Crossing two three-way crosses.

Term

Hybridization

 

What are structural hybrids?

Definition

 

Gametes with different structures.

Term

Selective Breeding

 

When was selective breeding believed to have begun?

 

 

Definition

 

It was believed to have begun at the end of the Ice Age.

Term

Selective Breeding

 

What is selective breeding?

Definition

 

The intentional breeding of organisms with desirable traits in an attempt to produce an offspring with similar desirable characteristics.

Term

Selective Breeding

 

What have humans bred dogs to be?

Definition

 

Companions, hunters, and retrievers.

Term

Selective Breeding

 

How have humans selectively bred plants?

Definition

 

It has made more disease resistant crops with better quality, size, and crop yield.

Term

Selective Breeding

 

What is eugenics?

Definition

 

The science of improving a ( human )population by controlled breeding to increase the occurrence of desirable, hereditable characteristics.

Term

Selective Breeding

 

Who saw the first case of eugenics?

Definition

 

Charles Darwin

Term

Human Genome Project

 

How long did the Human Genome Project last?

Definition

 

The Human Genome Project was an international project lasting 13 years.

Term

Human Genome Project

 

How many human genes were discovered?

Definition

20,000 - 25,000 genes were discovered for future biological studies.

 

 

Baum, bah, baum.....

Term

Human Genome Project

 

How many sequences of DNA subunits did the project discovered?

Definition

 

 

The project discovered over 3 billion DNA sequences.

Term

Human Genome Project

 

How many countries have used the official human genome project findings for studies and progressions?

Definition

Sixteen countries.

 

e.g. 

 

USA

Israel

Mexico

Term

Human Genome Project

 

Has it improved the medical world?

Definition

 

Yes, it has improved it by revealing genetic diseases to great extents.

Term

Inbreeding

 

What are some negative effects of inbreeding?

Definition

 

You become less fertile each generation. There is a large increase in genetic disorders. The immune system stops working. 

Term

Inbreeding

 

What are the odds of a genetic disorder in the case of inbreeding?

Definition
Inbreeding involving the immediate family results in a 25% increase in the chance of a genetic disorder.
Term

Inbreeding

 

Is there genetic diversity between the offspring?

Definition

 

No, because there are no new genes coming into the gene pool.

Term

Inbreeding

 

Are offspring more likely to have disabilities?

Definition
Yes, because if there is a mistake in the gene pool, it gets replicated over and over again.
Term

Inbreeding

 

What is an historical example of incest?

Definition

Most royal families.
Term

Sickle Cell Anemia

 

What causes sickle cell anemia?

Definition

 

It is caused by abnormal hemoglobin.

Term

Sickle Cell Anemia

 

How is sickle cell anemia inherited?

Definition

 

If both parents are sickle cell carriers, the offspring may have it also.  It is a recessive trait.

Term

Sickle Cell Anemia

 

What are some symptoms of sickle cell anemia?

Definition

 

Fatigue, bone infection, urinary tract infection, potentially lethal blood clotting

Term

Sickle Cell Anemia

 

What are some treatments for sickle cell anemia?

Definition

 

Blood transfusions, medications, oxygen therapy

Term

Sickle Cell Anemia

 

What shape is the blood cell turned into when you have sickle cell anemia?

Definition

 

a crescent

Term

Sickle Cell Anemia

 

What is a benefit of sickle cell?

Definition

 

People with sickle cell anemia cannot get malaria.

Term

Down Syndrome

 

Who discovered Down Syndrome?

Definition

 

John Langdon Down

Term

Down Syndrome

 

What is Down Syndrome?

Definition

 

Down Syndrome is when there is an extra copy of chromosome 21.

Term

Down Syndrome

 

What are some characteristics of people with Down Syndrome?

Definition
Slanted eyes, lolling tongue, large gap between toes, single crease on palm, tend to be short (stunted growth), have a tendency to be overweight
Term

Down Syndrome

 

What are some early detection methods of Down Syndrome?

Definition

In utero tests:

 

Umbilical cord blood test; bright spots on the heart; arm length; large gap between the toes

Term

Down Syndrome

 

What are some ways schools help Down Syndrome students?

Definition

 

IEPs, Specialized classes, accompaniment when needed

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