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care of the surgical patient
term 1 B test #1
55
Health Care
Not Applicable
05/25/2010

Additional Health Care Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
what is the definition of surgury?
Definition
surgury is defined as that branch of medicine concerned with dieseases and trauma requiring operative procedures.
Term
what are the classifications of surgery?
Definition

Elective surgery

urgent surgery

emergency surgery

Term

What is Elective Surgery?

 

Definition

Elective surgery is not necessary to preserve life and may be performed when the patient chooses.

 

Examples:

bunionectomy, plastic surgery

Term
What is Urgent Surgery?
Definition

Necessary for patients health

 

Example:

excision of cancerous tumor, removal of gallbladder for stones, vascular repair for obstructed artery

Term
What is Emergency surgury?
Definition

Must be done immediately to save life or preserve function of body part

 

Example:

removal of perforated appendix, repair of traumatic amputation, control of internal hemorrhaging

Term
What is a minor surgical procedure?
Definition

Involves minimal alteration in body parts; often designed to correct deformities; involves minimal risks compared with those of major procedured

 

Examples:

cataract extraction, skin graft, tooth extraction

Term
What is a major procedure?
Definition

Involves extensive reconstruction or alteration in body parts; poses great risk to well-being

 

Examples:

coronary bypass, colon resection, gastric resection

Term
ABLATION
Definition

an amputation or excision of any part of the body or removal of a growth or harmfull substance

 

Examples:

amputations, removal of appendix, cholecystectomy

Term
PALLIATIVE
Definition

therapy designed to releave or reduce intensity of uncomfortable symptoms without cure

 

Examaples:

colostomy, debridement of necrotic tissue

Term
DIAGNOSTIC
Definition

surgical exploration that allows physician to confirm diagnosis; may involve removal of tissue for further diagnostic testing

 

Examples:

exploratory laparotomy(incision into peritoneal cavity to inspect abdominal organs) breast mass biopsy

 

Term
RECONSTRUCTIVE
Definition

Restores function or appearance to traumatized or malfunctioning tissue

 

Examples:

internal fixation of fractures, scar revicion, breast reconstruction

Term

TRANSPLANT CONSTRUCTIVE

 

Definition

restores function lost or reduces as result of congenital anmalies

 

Examples:

repair of cleft palate, closure of atrial-septal defect in heart

Term
common variations of surgical settings
Definition
  • inpatient
  • one-day (same-day surgery)
  • outpatient
  • short-stay unit
  • short-stay surgical center
Term
Inpatient Surgery
Definition
patient hospitalized for surgery
Term
Outpatient
Definition
patient, not hospitalized, who is being treated; individual is admitted either to a short-stay unit or directly to the surgical suite.
Term
Short-stay surgical center
Definition
independently owned agency; surgery performed when overnight hospitalization is not required (also called ambulatory surgical center or one-day surgery center)
Term
Short-stay Unit
Definition
Department or floor where a patients stay does not exceed 24 hrs (sometimes referred to as outpatient)
Term

Surgical Terminology

 

Anastomosis

Definition
surgical joining of two ducts or blood vessels to allow flow from one to another; to bypass an area
Term
-ECTOMY
Definition
SURGICAL REMOVAL
Term
Lysis
Definition
destruction or dissolution of
Term
-orrhaphy
Definition
sugical repair
Term
-oscopy
Definition
direct visualization by a scope
Term
-ostomy
Definition
opening is made to allow the passage of drainage
Term
-otomy
Definition
opening into
Term
-pexy
Definition
fixation
Term
-plasty
Definition
surgical repair; plastic surgury
Term
common fears associated with surgery
Definition
  • fear of lass of control
  • fear of the unknown
  • fear of anesthesia
  • fear of pain or inadequate postoperative analgesia
  • fear of disruption of life patterns
  • fear of change in body image and multilation
  • fear of detection of cancer
Term
What are the numerous factors affect the individual's ability to tolerate surgery?
Definition
  • Age
  • physical condition
  • Nutritional factors
  • Psychosocial needs
  • Socioeconomic and cultural needs
  • Education and experience
Term
ABCDE Mneumonic device to ascertain serious illness or trauma in the preoperative patient
Definition
  1. A is for allergy to medications chemicals and other enviromental products such as latex.
  2. B is for bleeding tendencies or the use of medications that deter clotting, such as aspirin or products containing aspirin, haparin, or warfarin sodium.
  3. C is for cortisone or steroid use.
  4. D is for diabetes mallitus
  5. E is for emboli such as lower leg blood clots
Term
laboratory tests commonly reviewed before surgery includes
Definition
  • urinalysis
  • complete blood count
  • blood chemistry profile
  • hepatic
  • renal
  • cardivascular functions such as ECG
Term

preoperative information helps

 

Definition
  1. lessin anxiety
  2. reduce the amount of anesthesia needed
  3. decrease postsurgical pain
  4. reduce corticosteroid production
Term

informed consent

 

Definition
permission obtained from the patient to perform a specific test or procedure
Term
special concerns for patients undergoing a surgical skin preparation are as follows
Definition
  • small children may be easily frightened by this procedure, and it may need to be done in the operaitng room
  • older adults will need a detailed explanation to relieve their anxierty
  • older adults have less subcutaneous tissue, less skin elasticity, and more delicate tissue
  • older adults are more susceptible to infections
Term
risk factors for latex allery response include the following:
Definition
  • history of anaphylactic reaction of unknown etiology suring a medical or surgical procedure
  • multiple surgical procedures
  • food allergies
  • a job with daily exposure to latex
  • history reaction to latex
  • allergy to poinsettia plants
  • history of allergies and asthma
Term
PERIOPERATIVE
Definition
NURSING REFERS TO THE ROLE OF THE NURSE DURING THE PREOPERATIVE
Term
PREOPERATIVE
Definition
BEFORE SURGERY
Term
INTRAOPERATIVE
Definition
DURING SURGERY
Term
POSTOPERATIVE
Definition
FOLLOWING SURGERY
Term
THE NURSE SHOULD REINFORCES THAT VITAL SIGNS, DRESSINGS AND TUBES ARE ASSESSED EVERY?
Definition
15 TO 30 MINUTES UNTIL THE PATIENT IS AWAKE AND STABLE
Term
PREPARATION FOR SURGERY DEPENDS ON THE PATIENTS?
Definition
  • AGE
  • PHYSICAL AND NUTRITIONAL STATUS
  • TYPE OF SURGERY
  • PREFERENCE OF THE SURGEON
Term
SKIN PREPARATION FOR SURGERY
Definition
PREOPERATIVELY THE PATIENT MAY HAVE REMOVAL OF HAIR AT THE SURGICAL SITE AND THEN SHOWER, UNLESS CONTRAINDICATED, USING AN ANTISEPTIC SOAP  SUCH AS HIBICLENS
Term
BEFORE THE SKIN PREPARATION THE NURSE MUST CAREFULLY ASSESS?
Definition

SURGICAL SITE FOR SKIN IMPAIRMENT

 

EXAMPLES:

INFECTION, IRRITATION, BRUSES, OR LESIONS

Term
LATEX ALLERGY IS CLASSIFIED INTO THREE CATEGORIES
Definition
  • IRRITANT REACTION
  • TYPE IV ALLERGIC REACTION
  • TYPE I ALLERGIC REACTION
Term
IRRITANT REACTION
Definition
IRRITANT REACTION IS THE MOST COMMON REACTION SEEN  IS ACTUALLY A NONALLERGIC REACTION
Term
TYPE IV LATEX ALLERGIC REACTION
Definition
TYPE IV REACTION TO LATEX IS A CELL-MEDIATED RESPONSE TO THE CHEMICAL IRRITANTS FOUND IN LATEX PRODUCTS
Term
TYPE I LATEX ALLERGY REACTION
Definition
THE TRUE LATEX ALLERGY IS THE TYPE I ALLERGIC REACTION, AND IT OCCURS SHORTLY  AFTER EXPOSURE TO THE PROTEIN IN LATEX RUBER
Term

WHEN DOES THE THE TYPE I LATEX ALLERGY OCCURS?

 

Definition
THE TYPE I REACTION IS AN IgE-MEDIATED SYSTEMIC REACTION THAT OCCURS WHEN LATEX PROTEIN ARE TOUCHED, INHALED, OR INGESTED
Term
INCENTIVE SPIROMETRY
Definition
IS A PROCEDURE IN WHICH A DEVICE (SPIROMETER) IS USED AT THE BEDSIDE AT REGULAR INTERVALS TO ENCOURAGE THE PATIENT TO BREATH DEEPLY
Term
THERE ARE TWO GENERAL TYPES OF INCENTIVE SPIROMETERS:
Definition
  1. FLOW-ORIENTED INSPIRATORY SPIROMETER
  2. VOLUME-ORIENTED SPIROMETER
Term
FLOW-ORIENTED INSPIRATORY SPIROMETER
Definition
this type of incentive spirometer is unexpensive and measures inspiration but not volume.  it contains one or more clear plastic cylinder chambers that contain freely movable, colored, lightweight plastic balls.  the patient is instructed to place the mouthpiece in the mouth and inhale slowly and deeply, which raises the balls in the cylinders.  the patient is encouraged to keep the colored balls floating as long as possible.  the cylinders are marked to measure the degree of elevation so that the degree of elevation and the length of time the patient can maintain elevation can be recorded.
Term
Volume-oriented spirometer
Definition
this form of incentive spirometer maintains a known volume of inspiration.  the patient is encouraged to breathe with normal inspired capacity.
Term
THROMBUS
Definition
AN ACCUMULATION OF PLATELETS, FIBRIN, CLOTTING FACTORS, AND CELLULAR ELEMENTS OF THE BLOOD ATTACHED TO THE ANTERIOR WALL OF A VESSEL, SOMETIMES OCCLUDING THE LUMEN OF THE VESSEL
Term
EMBOLUS
Definition
A FOREIGN OBJECT, QUANTITY OF AIR OR GAS, BIT OF TISSUE OR TUMOR, OR A PIECE OF THROMBUS THAT CIRCULATES IN THE BLOOD STREEM UNTIL IT BECOMES LODGED IN A VESSEL
Term
INFARCT
Definition
localized area of necrosis in tissue, a vessel, or an organ resulting from tissue anoxia; caused by an interruption in the blood supply to an area.
Term
surgeries for which coughing is contraindicated or modified
Definition
  • intracranial surgery
  • eye surgery
  • ear surgery
  • nose surgery
  • throat surgery
  • spinal surgery

 

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