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Cardiovascular
Cardiovascular drugs
179
Pharmacology
Undergraduate 3
10/14/2011

Additional Pharmacology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Action Potential Phase 0 (depolarization)
Definition
Rapid influx of sodium into the cell interior through sodium channels (membrane is permeable by sodium)
Term
Action Potential Phase 1 (early repolarization)
Definition
Rapid closure of the sodium-channels and a slow influx of a small number of negatively charged chloride ions.
Term
Action Potential Phase 2 (plateau phase)
Definition
Slow inward flow of calcium and sodium ions and a slow exit of potassium ions. 
Term
Action Potential Phase 3 (Late repolarization)
Definition
Cell becomes permeable to potassium
Term
Action Potential Phase 4 (Membrane resting potential)
Definition
ATP activates the sodium potassium pump and pumps potassium into the cell and sodium out-reestablishing the polarized state where a stimulus can cause contraction.
Term
Depolarization
Definition
An electrical impulse results in contraction of the muscle.  Membrane becmoes permeable and sodium flows rapidly into the cell.  Atria contract, ventricles contract. 
Term
Repolarization
Definition
Recovery phase after muscle contraction
Term
Electrohphysiologic Properties
Definition
Automaticity, rhythmicity, conductivity, refractoriness
Term
Automatic Nervous System: Parasympathetic
Definition
Nerve stimulation of the SA, atrial muscles, and AV junction.  Causes a release in acetylcholine which causes decreased heart rate and possible decrease in ventricular contraction.
Term
The parasympathetic cause a release in acetylcholine, which causes what two reactions?
Definition
Decreased heart rate, and possble decrease in ventricular contraction.
Term
Automatic Nervous system: Sympathetic
Definition
Nerve stimulation of the SA, AV juntion, and atrial and ventricular muscles.  Which causes release in norepinephrine and epinephrine.  Which causes an increase in heart rate and an increase in the force of myocardial contraction.
Term
In the sympathetic nervous system when it causes a release in norepinephrine/epinephrine what does this also cause?
Definition
An increase in heart rate and an increase in the force of myocardial contraction.
Term
Inotropic effect
Definition
Influences myocardial contractility.
Term
Positive inotropic effect
Definition
Strengthen or increase the force of myocardial contractility (digoxin, dobutamine, dopamine, epinephrine, and isoproterenol)
Term
Negative inotropic effect
Definition
Weaken or decrease the foce of myocardial contractility
Term
Chronotropic effect
Definition
Influences heart rate
Term
Positive chronotropic effect
Definition
Increases the heart rate by increasing the SA node firing (norepinephrine)
Term
Negative chronotropic effect
Definition
Decreases the heart rate by decreasing the SA node firing
Term
Dromotropic effect
Definition
Influences conduction velocity through specialized conducting issues
Term
Positive dromotropic effect
Definition
Speeds conduction (epinephrine)
Term
Negative dromotropic effect
Definition
Delays conduction (verapamil)
Term

Caridac Glycosidesi

Definition

Inhibit the sodium/potassium pump.  The inhibition increases the amount of clacium ions available for myocardial contraction.  

 

 

 

Term
Digoxin (Lanoxin)
Definition

Cardiac Glycoside

Positive inotropic action

Negative chronotropic action

Negative dromotropic action

Indications: heart failure and to slow ventricular rates in A-fib, A-flutter. 

When the heart contracts, this drug makes it contract for all its worth.  It increases the force of myocardial contractility. 

 

Term
Adverse Effects (digoxin, Lanoxin)
Definition

Dysrrythmias, N/V, dizziness, visual disturbances, rash, hallucinations, confusion, delirium.

 

Term
Digitalization
Definition
Saturation of digoxin
Term
With digoxin, when is toxicity evident?
Definition
greater than 2.5 ng/mL
Term
Nursing Interventions (digoxin)
Definition
Apical pulse, pulse deficit, monitor labs.
Term
Which labs do you need to monitor with digoxin?
Definition
potassium, calcium, magnesium, I/O, daily weights.
Term
What types of foods should you be cautious about with a patient who is on digoxin?
Definition
No high fiber foods (dig will bind to the fiber and won't do the patient any good)
Term
When is the best time to take digoxin?
Definition
1 to 2 hours before a meal. 
Term
What is the best route to give digoxin and why?
Definition
PO. It is a very painful injection for IV and it has an unpredictable absorption with IM.
Term
Where do you do an IM injection for digoxin?
Definition
Deep IM into a large muscle and massage after injection.
Term

When your patient reviews their medication, digoxin, with you, which statement concerns you to teach more?

1.  Take dig at the same time every day.

2.  Do not double for missed doses. 

3.  Restrict sodium intake to 2 gm/day or less.

4.  Eat lots of licorice.

Definition
Eating lots of licorice is bad when you are taking digoxin because of sodium retention.
Term

When you have a patient who is on digoxin which statement concerns you.

1.  Limit alcohol consumption-1/day.

2.  Wearing a medical necklace/bracelet

3.  Hold for pulse <60 or >110-notify care provider

4. Decrease potassium intake.

Definition
4.  Increase potassium intake. 
Term
When do you see digoxin (Lanoxin) toxicity?
Definition

Weight levels > 2.5 ng/mL

Anorexia is usually first sign. 

Sudden weight gain/edema

heart palpitations

visual disturbances

N/V/D

Bradycardia

Term
What is the antidote for digoxin (Lanoxin)
Definition
Digoxin Immune Fab (Digibind)
Term
Drug interactions for digoxin (Lanoxin)
Definition
Drugs that slow AV node conduction (B blockers, diltiazem, verapmil), drugs which elevate this drugs  levels (amiodarone, quinidine, azole antifungalts, erythromycin), and drugs which decrease gastric absorption of this drug if given simultaneously (antacids, bile sequestrants).  Herbal alert pg 623. 
Term
Antianginals
Definition
Combating chest pains
Term
Angina Pectoris
Definition
Classic, preinfaction, variant.
Term
Classic Angina Pectoris
Definition
Stable, occurs with stress or exertion still related to narrow blood vessels.
Term
Preinfarction (angina pectoris)
Definition
unstable, before a heart attack.  Related to narrowing of the blood vessels.  Chest pain that would occur when a patient is not stressed out, but is relaxed.
Term
Variant (angina pectoris)
Definition
Vasospastic.  Coronary artery is having a muscle spasm (calcium, magnesium, electrolyte imbalance)
Term
Nitrates
Definition
Anti-anginal.  Works on the muscles of the blood vessels.  Relax smooth muscle in blood vessel walls which have a system of 1. preload 2. coronary circulation 3. After load.
Term
Preload (nitrates)
Definition

 Comes back to the right atrium.  Comes to the heart from the venous system.  Dilates the veins so that the blood pressure is not so high.  Makes it easier for the heart to pump and for the heart to get blood itself.  (I know this doesn't make sense, couldn't figure it out, let me know if you do)

 

Term
Coronary Circulation (nitrates)
Definition
Dilates the coronary arteries and increases the bood flow to the heart.
Term
After load (nitrates)
Definition
Dilates the arteries, reduces peripheral resistance.
Term
Nitrates
Definition
prototype is nitroglycerin
Term
Where do you take a Nitroglycerin pill?
Definition
Sublingually
Term
How much of a nitroglycerin pill do you usually take?
Definition
0.2-0.6 mg
Term
How fast do nitroglycerin pills work, chest pain doesn't go away what do you do?  and where do you store them?
Definition
Acts in 1-3 minutes.  Can take 1 q 5 min up to a total of 3 tabs.  If chest pain is still present go to ER.  Store in brown glass iwht metal screw cap and renew perscription q 6 months.  Do this because sun light breaks down the chemicals.
Term

What worries you when your patients starts to put on nitroglycerin as a topical ointment?

1.  They use a special paper.

2.  They wear gloves when applying it.

3.  They rub it in.

4.  They place on a non-hairy part of chest, abdomen, arm or leg.

Definition
3.  Do not rub in.
Term

Nitroglycerin Topical ointment facts.  which is false? 

1.  Rotate sites

2.  Place finger tip amount on skin

3.  Wear gloves.

4.  Apply every 6 hours.

Definition
physician orders how much goes on skin
Term
Topical disc (nitroglycerin)
Definition

Apply 1 per day.

rotate sites.

 

Term
PO (nitroglycerin) not for attacks.
Definition

For prophylaxis.

2.509 mg 2-3 times a day. 

Term
Sublingual spray (nitroglycerin)
Definition

1 metered dose, every 5 mins up to 3 doses in 15 minutes.

 

Term
IV (nitroglycerin)
Definition

Diluted in D5W or NS.

Glass bottle

Use special NTG tubing and IV pump

Start at 5 mcg/min and titrate for pain.

Not used as much anymore.

Term
Side effects NTG
Definition
Headache, flushing, N/V/D, Agitation, increased pulse, dry mouth, rash, blurred vision.
Term
Dysrrhythmia/arrhythmia
Definition
any deviation from the normal heart beat rhythm and rate.  Antidysrrhythmics are used for the prevention or dysrrhythmias.
Term
Sodium channel blockers
Definition
Decrease sodium re-entry into cardiac cells, decrease conduction velocity, suppresses automaticity, increases repolarization.
Term

Which function do sodium channel blockers do?

1.  Increase sodium re-entry into cardiac cells.

2. decrease conduction velocity.

3. suppress automaticity.

4. increase repolarization.

Definition
1. decreases sodium re-entry into cardiac cells.
Term
Lidocaine (sodium channel blocker)
Definition
Ventricular dysrhythmias. Only available in IV form.  Monitor gor signs and sx of toxicity.
Term
Lidocaine Side effects
Definition
Anxiety, nervousness, drowsiness, sensations of heat/cold/numbness
Term
Worse side effects for lidocaine
Definition
Apprehension, euphoria, muscle tremors, tinnitus, n/v, paresthesias, visual disturbances
Term
Lidocaine toxicity
Definition
seizures, convulsions, respiratory arrest.
Term
Beta Blockers
Definition

Decrease conduction velocity

Decrease automaticity

Decrease recovery time

Decrease a lot of work load for the heart.

Term

Which of the following is incorrect about beta blockers?

1. decrease conduction velocity

2. increase automaticity

3. decrase recovery time.

4.  decrease work load for heart.

Definition
2. increase automaticity
Term
What is a drug that prolongs repolarization
Definition
Amiodarone. 
Term
Amiodarone (Codarone)
Definition
Can be given IV or PO.  Must watch for cardiac dysrhythmias.  You must be hooked up to a machine because it could send you into heart failure.  Used to treat ventricular tachycardia.
Term
Side effects Amiodarone (codarone)
Definition

 Bradycardia

hypotension

cardiac dysrythmias

heart failure

hepatotoxicity

pulmonary toxicity (ARDS and fibrosis)

Term
Nursing interventions Amiodarone (cordarone)
Definition
vital signs, fluid balance, labs- thyroid, liver, chest x-ray, opthalmologic exam.
Term
Thyroid lab for amiodarone
Definition
controls all of your metabolism which in turn has an affect on your vital signs.  If your patient has hyperthyroidism and you throw them into a slower rate you have a problem.
Term
Chest x-ray (labs-amiodarone)
Definition
Could cause pleural effusion, cardiomegaly
Term
opthalmologic (lab-amiodarone)
Definition
Deposits on the cornea from this medication can cause disturbances.
Term
Teaching your patient about Amiodarone should include
Definition
photosensitivity, notifying practioner about onset of side effects.  We want to know the severity.
Term
If a patient is on amiodarone for a couple of years what would toxicity look like?
Definition

thyroid- hypo usually but could go either way.

CHF, edema: extremities, pulmonary, distention.

Pulmonary- shortness of breath, coughing, dyspnea.

Neuro- confusion

Ocular- blurred vision, sensitivity to light, visual disturbances.

Term
Calcium channel blockers
Definition

block clacium influx

decrease excitability

Decrease contractility

Increase refractory period of the AV node, thus decrease ventriuclar response (Verapmil)

Term
Decrease the time of the eletrical impulses from the AV node to the ventricles
Definition
calcium channel blockers
Term
Adenosine (adenocard) (calcium channel blocker)
Definition
IV bolus adminster over 1 to 3 seconds followed by a 20 mL bolus of NS.  Half life is less than 10 seconds.  Stops heart all together. 
Term
Adenosine side effects
Definition
Dyspnea, chest pain, flushing, nausea, headache, dizziness, tingling inarms, Asystole
Term
Adenosine nursing interventions.
Definition

Inject drug at port closest to the patient (IV tubing)

Warn your patient of the side effects.

Term
Diltiazem (Cardiazem) (Calcium channel blocker)
Definition
IV dosing for PSVT (paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia). Slowing the heart down. 
Term
Adverse effects for Diltiazem
Definition
Edema, Headache, Dizziness, GI upset, muscle weakness, AV block, systolic heart failure.
Term
Verapamil (Calan, Isoptin) (Calcium channel blocker)
Definition
IV dosing for PSVT or rapid atrial dysrhythmias. 
Term
Verapamil adverse effects
Definition

Gingivinal hyperplasia

Constipation

Hypotension

Peripheral edema

Reflex tachycardia

Dizziness

GI upset

AV block

Term
Diuretics
Definition
Lower blood pressure and decrease edema.  They take out all the fluids and it decreases bp.
Term
Thiazides (diuretic)
Definition

Inhibit sodium reabsorption.

Promote renal excretion of water, sodium, chloride, potassium, and magnesium. 

May increase serum levels of calcium, glucose, and uric acid (gout)

Term
Thiazides inhibit sodium reabsorption meaning that
Definition
it helps you retain water because it pulls out the sodium.
Term
Thiazides (diuretic) side effects
Definition

hypokalemia and other imbalances

increased uric acid levels

elevated LDL and triglyceride levels

Term
Thiazide (diuretic) nursing interventions
Definition
vital signs, monitor I&O, daily weight, monitor labs (cholestero, potassium, magnesium)
Term
What are the labs you monitor with thiazide nursing interventions
Definition
cholesterol, potassium, and magnesium
Term
Thiazide patient teaching
Definition
photosensitivity precautions, dietary changes particularly related to potassium intake, use sugarless candy if dry mouth occurs, take with food.
Term
Loop diuretics
Definition
inhibit the reabsorption of sodium in the loop of Henle
Term
Furosemide (Lasix)
Definition
May be administered PO, IM, or IV.  Food or no food.
Term
Furosemide (Lasix) side effects
Definition
Dehydration/ hypovolemia, hypokalemia/hypochloremia, tinnitus (ototoxicty is reversible- occurs particularly with rapid IV administration), N/V/D, orthostatic hypotension/hypotension, blood dyscrasias, photosensitivity.
Term
Furosemide (lasix) nursing interventions
Definition
vital signs, I&O, Daily weight, monitor lab values, FVD, dry lips, tinting of skin
Term
Furosemide (Lasix) patient teaching
Definition
photosensitivity, dietary changes, take in AM- so they pee all day, it draws out potassium during the day and you are eating during the day so that your potassium is replenished.  Use sugar less candy if dry mouth occurs. Orthostatic hypotension precautions: no sudden movements. 
Term
Osmotic diuretics
Definition
Used to prevent kidney failiure, used to decrease ICP. 
Term
Mannitol
Definition
Usually do not give this with cardiac patients.  It goes to the brain not the heart.  Also can be used to treat intraocular pressure. 
Term
Carbonic anydrase inhibitors.
Definition
Block carbonic anhydrase which maintains acid base balance.  IOP r/t glaucoma.
Term
Potassium sparing diuretics.
Definition
Block sodium reabsorption in the distal tubule, increasing sodium and water excretion while conserving potassium.
Term
Triamterene (potassium sparing diuretic) side effects
Definition
N/V/D, rash, dizziness, H/A, weakness, dry mouth, photosensitivty, hyperkalemia.
Term
Triamterene (Potassium sparing diuretic) nursing interventions
Definition
labs, daily weight, give with food or milk, blood pressure, urine output
Term

Aldactone (spironolactone, potassium sparing diuretics) patient teaching

 

Definition
take at same time each day (morning), avoid salt substitutes, avoid increased potassium intake (mindful of foods that have potassium), do not discontinue suddenly, sun exposure precautions
Term
Adrenergic agents
Definition
N/V, Tremors, Agitation, Dizziness
Term
Adrenergic agents
Definition
Everything speeds up, side effects will subside once the med wears off
Term
Adrenergic agents
Definition
Life saving drugs health history/assessment monitor vital signs know medications teach s/s of side effects & adverse reactions, proper use of meds, and to report side effects
Term
Adrenergic agents
Definition
Tachycardia, Ventricular Fibrillation (deadly rhythm)
Term
Adrenergic agents
Definition
Alpha1-blood vessels Beta1- Heart Beta 2-Lungs(cardiac stimulant)
Term
Adrenergic Blockers
Atenolol
Definition
Atenolol Classification: Selective B1
Term
Adrenergic Blockers
Atenolol
Definition
Beta1 - Heart (antihypertensive/decreases heart rate)
Term
Adrenergic Blockers
Atenolol
Definition
Dizziness, drowiness, weakness (need to adv patient to get up slowly)
Term
Adrenergic blockers
Atenolol
Definition
Hypotension, bradycardia, pulmonary edema
Term
Adrenergic Blockers
Atenolol
Definition
Advise patient to get up slowly or ask for assistance, teach FSBS, get a BP cuff and keep a daily log of BP reading, learn to check HR **abruptly stopping medication will cause rebound hypertension
Term
Adrenergic blockers
Atenolol
Definition
Watch for edema in COPD patients, HOLD if HR <60, monitor vitals, report changes, assess for hypoglycemia, watch for orthostatic HTN, Teach pt how to recognize s/s
Term
Cholinergic agent
Definition
Bethanechol (Urecholine) treatment for urinary retention
Term
Cholinergic agents
Bethanechol
Definition
Eye- constricts pupils Heart- decrease HR Blood Vessels- decrease BP (dilates) Stomach- increase gastric secretion Bronchus- constrict bronchioles Bladder- increase bladder contraction effects skeletal muscle
Term
Cholinergic agents
Bethanechol
Definition
N/V/D, salivation, sweating
Term
Cholinergic agents
Bethanechol
Definition
Teach reason for taking med and the importance of compliance also teach S/S and reactions to watch for, explain to pt they should see increased urine output
Term
Cholinergic agents
Definition
Monitor vitals, I&O, assess breath sounds, observe for postural hypotension,liver enzymes may be elevated, pt should notice improved urine flow, limited use for glaucoma, Mysasthenia gravis, Alzheimer’s Disease
Term
Anticholinergic Parasympathetic Nervous System "hot as a hare, dry as a bone" (dry you out, will make tachycardiac, HTN)
Definition
Atropine
Term
Anticholinergic
Atropine
Definition
Muscarinic receptor can use in cardiac arrest (will increase HR); preop
Term
Antocholinergic
Atropine
Definition
Dry mouth, blurred vision, constipation (GI motility slows down), nasal congestion, bradycardia/tachycardia, decreased urination
Term
Antocholinergic
Atropine
Definition
Avoid caffeine, cigarettes, aspirin & alcohol at bedtime to decrease gastric acidity; Avoid hot environments compliance with meds, increase fluid intake, use hard candy, ice chips or gum for dry mouth, maintain good oral hygeine, use eyedrops to moisten eyes - diet should be high in fiber and water
Term
Antocholinergic
Atropine
Definition
monitor vital signs, report if tachycardia occurs; I&O, pt should void before taking medication, record bowel sounds, raise bedside rails, provide mouth care
Term
Parkinson Parasympathetic Nervous System
Definition
Trihexyphenidyl HCL (Artane) Anticholinergic agent (dries you out)
Term
Parkinson Parasympathetic Nervous System
Artane
Definition
Inhibits Acetylcholine blocks cholinergic (muscarinic) receptore to decrease involuntary movements; controls tremors & muscle rigidity - can be used alone or in combination with L-dopa
Term
Parkinson Parasympathetic Nervous System
Artane
Definition
N/V, dry mouth, constipation, anxiety, H/A, flushing, pupil dilation, dysphagia, dark urine and dark perspiration , anorexia, insomina, blurred vision, orthostatic HTN
Term
Parkinson Parasympathetic Nervous System
Artane
Definition
Cannot stop abruptly, *rebound effect, avoid vitamin B foods
Term
Parkinson Parasympathetic Nervous System
Artane
Definition
Tachycardia, palpations, urinary retention; postural hypotension, Life Threatening: paralytic ileus avoid use with narrow angle glaucoma, avoid with patients with myasthenia gravis - avoid with GI or GU obstruction
Term
Parkinson Parasympathetic Nervous System
Definition
Carbidopa-levodopa (Sinemet)
Term
Parkinson Parasympathetic Nervous System
Carbidopa-levodopa
Definition
Dopaminergic , Combination drug (more dopamine reaches the basal ganglia)
Term
Parkinson Parasympathetic Nervous System
Carbidopa-levodopa
Definition
dark urine, perspiration, anorexia, N/V, insomnia, elevated liver enzymes & function
Term
Parkinson Parasympathetic Nervous System
Carbidopa-levodopa
Definition
pts have a risk for orthostatic hypotension, blurred vision, risk for hypertensive crisis with MAOI
Term
Parkinson Parasympathetic Nervous System
Carbidopa-levodopa
Definition
avoid vitamin B foods (beans, fortified cereals) **do not stop taking abruptly!
Term
Parkinson Parasympathetic Nervous System
Carbidopa-levodopa
Definition
dysrhythmia, hallucinations
Term
Alzheimer’s parasympathetic nervous system
Definition
tacrine (Cognex)
Term
Alzheimer’s parasympathetic nervous system
tacrine
Definition
Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor (improves memory in mild to moderate alzheimer's dementia - enhances cholinergic function)
Term
Alzheimer’s parasympathetic nervous system
tacrine
Definition
N/V, diarrhea and dizziness
Term
Alzheimer’s parasympathetic nervous system
tacrine
Definition
focused neuro & head to toe assessment, watch for wandering behaviors, contraindicated w/ liver disease
Term
Alzheimer’s parasympathetic nervous system
tacrine
Definition
Can’t stop abruptly, rebound effect
Term
Alzheimer’s parasympathetic nervous system
tacrine
Definition
Hepatotoxicity
Term
Myasthenia Gravis Parasympathetic Nervous System
Definition
Pyridostigmine (Mestinon)
Term
Myasthenia Gravis Parasympathetic Nervous System
Pyridostigmine
Definition
Cholinesterase
Term
Myasthenia Gravis Parasympathetic Nervous System
Pyridostigmine
Definition
N/V, diarrhea, dizziness
Term
Myasthenia Gravis Parasympathetic Nervous System
Pyridostigmine
Definition
Requires total care, explain to family, educate about medication at the same time everyday
Term
Myasthenia Gravis Parasympathetic Nervous System
Pyridostigmine
Definition
Must be given at the same time everyday, wear a medical alert bracelet, need to know the correct dose (don’t double up), do not stop med abruptly
Term
Myasthenia Gravis Parasympathetic Nervous System
Pyridostigmine
Definition
Respiratory depression, Cardiac dysrhythmias overdose: stimulates cholinergic response
Term
Spasticity/Muscle Spasms
Definition
Carisoprodol (Soma)
Term
Spasticity/Muscle Spasms
Carisoprodol (Soma)
Definition
Centrally Acting Musculoskeletal relaxant
Term
Spasticity/Muscle Spasms
Carisoprodol (Soma)
Definition
drowsiness, N/V, dizziness, facial flushing, diplopia, confusion, ataxia, weakness, insomnia
Term
Spasticity/Muscle Spasms
Carisoprodol (Soma)
Definition
monitor liver enzymes and report elevated levels, record vital signs, observe for CNS side effects
Term
Spasticity/Muscle Spasms
Carisoprodol (Soma)
Definition
Avoid alcohol, no driving, should not be abruptly stopped, taken no longer than 3 weeks, report side effects, take with food
Term
Spasticity/Muscle Spasms
Carisoprodol (Soma)
Definition
Respiratory depression, any changes in vision, chest pain, tachycardia, physical dependence
Term
Anticholinergic- overactive bladder Disorder parasympathetic nervous system
Definition
Tolterodine Tartrate (Detrol)
Term
Anticholinergic
Detrol
Definition
Bladder - controls overactive bladder by decreasing urinary frequency & urgency
Term
Anticholinergic
Detrol
Definition
Dry mouth, Blurred vision, urinary retention, headache, dizziness, vertigo, nervousness, N/V/D, abdominal pain, constipation, dyspepsia, UTI, weight gain, arthralgia, dry skin
Term
Anticholinergic
Detrol
Definition
Watch for Tachycardia Monitor I&O’s Monitor for constipation Teach: Avoid hot environments Avoid caffeine, alcohol compliance with meds.
Term
Anticholinergic
Detrol
Definition
take on an empty stomach
Term
Anticholinergic
Detrol
Definition
Tachycardia, Hypertension, bronchitis, visual abnormalities, chest pain
Term
Sedative –Hypnotic- Barbiturate (Short treatment for insomia/adjunctive agent for anesthesia)
Definition
Secobarbital Sodium)
Term
Sedative
Secobarbital sodium
Definition
Depression of the CNS (motor and sensory activities)
Term
Sedative
Secobarbital sodium
Definition
Lethargy, drowsiness, hangover, dizziness, paradoxical exciment in older adults
Term
Sedative
Secobarbital sodium
Definition
Determine family Hx of insomia, assess renal function (urine output 600 mL a day), assess for fluid deficit (dehydration/may cause hypotension effect), reconized possibility of drug abuse, monitor V/S (especially respirations and BP), Confuse patients bed rails up (X4), observe for adverse reactions, Assess for withdrawal symptoms, IV form do not mix with any medications and IM should be given in Lg muscle
Term
Sedative
Secobarbital sodium
Definition
Teach nonpharmacologic ways to induce sleep, avoid use of alcohol, antidepressants, antipsychotic and narcotic drugs (respiratory distress may occur in combination), avoid operating any motor machinery, take medication 30 mins before going to bed, do not stop medication abruptly needs to be tapered (may result withdrawal symptoms)
Term
Sedative
Secobarbital sodium
Definition
drug dependence or tolerance, respiratory distress, laryngospasm
Term
Sedative-Hypnotic- Nonbenzodiazepine (treat insomia)
Definition
Zolpidem tartrate
Term
Sedative
Zolpidem tartrate
Definition
Depression of CNS, neurotransmitter inhibition
Term
Sedative
Zolpidem tartrate
Definition
Drowsiness, lethargy, headache, handgover (residual sedation), irritability, dizziness, anxiety, N/V
Term
Sedative
Zolpidem tartrate
Definition
Teach nonpharmacologic ways to induce sleep, avoid use of alcohol, antidepressants, antipsychotic and narcotic drugs (respiratory distress may occur in combination), takes 15-45 mins to take effect, suggest to patient to urinate before taking sedative to prevent sleep disruption, avoid drinking caffeine
Term
Sedative
Zolpidem tartrate
Definition
Monitor V/S, check for respiratory depression (slow, irregular, breathing patterns), monitor AST, ALT, and bilirubin labs,
Term
Sedative
Zolpidem tartrate
Definition
Tolerance, psychological or physical dependence
Term
Anticonvulsant (Treatment/ prevention of tonic-clonic [grand mal] seizures and complex partial seizures)
Definition
Phenytoin
Term
Anticonvulsant
Phenytoin
Definition
Reduces motor cortex activity by altering transport of ions
Term
Anticonvulsant
Phenytoin
Definition
headache, diplopia, confusion, drowsiness, sluggish, ↓coordination, ataxia, slurred speech, rash, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, hypotension (after IV administration), pink-red/brown discolor in urine
Term
Anticonvulsant
Phenytoin
Definition
Obtain health hx (current drug and herb use), check urinary output (>600 mL/day), monitor lab values for renal and liver function/creatine/BUN/CBC (blood dyscrasias)/ serum drug levels, do not mix with other medications, give slowly (do not exceed 50 mg/min), assess proper food intake (due to anorexia, N / V cause by medication), may decrease effectiveness of contraceptives (may need additional contraceptive method)
Term
Anticonvulsant
Phenytoin
Definition
Obtain health hx (current drug and herb use), check urinary output (>600 mL/day), monitor lab values for renal and liver function/creatine/BUN/CBC (blood dyscrasias)/ serum drug levels, do not mix with other medications, give slowly (do not exceed 50 mg/min), assess proper food intake (due to anorexia, N / V cause by medication), may decrease effectiveness of contraceptives (may need additional contraceptive method)
Term
Anticonvulsant
Phenytoin
Definition
Leukopenia, hepatitis, depression, gingival hyperplasia, nystagmus, hursutism, osteoporosis Life-threatening: Aplastic anemia, thrombocytopenia agranulocytosis, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, hypotension, V-Fib, encephalopathy
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