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Cardiovascular System
Chapter 11
261
Medical
Undergraduate 1
11/27/2012

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Term
angiogram
Definition
Record (x-ray) of a blood vessel.
Term
angioplasty
Definition
Surgical repair of a blood vessel.
Term
aortic stenosis
Definition
Narrowing of the aorta.
Term
arteriosclerosis
Definition
Hardening of arteries
Term
arterial anastomosis
Definition
Surgical connection between arteries
Term
arteriography
Definition
Process of recording (x-ray) arteries after injecting contrast material.
Term
endarterectomy
Definition
Removal of the inner lining of the artery (when it is filled with plaque).
Term
atheroma
Definition
Collection of fatty material in an artery
Term
atherosclerosis
Definition
Hardening of arteries with deposit of fatty substance.
Term
atherectomy
Definition
Removal of a fatty mass in a vessel.
Term
atrial
Definition
Pertaining to an upper chamber of the heart.
Term
atrioventricular
Definition
Pertaining to an atrium and ventricle (upper and lower chambers of the heart).
Term
brachial artery
Definition
Artery that branches from the aorta to bring blood to the arm
Term
cardiomegaly
Definition
Enlargement of the heart.
Term
cardiomyopathy
Definition
Disease of heart muscle.
Term
bradycardia
Definition
Condition of slow heartbeat.
Term
tachycardia
Definition
Condition of fast heartbeat.
Term
hypercholesterolemia
Definition
Condition of excessive cholesterol in the blood
Term
coronary arteries
Definition
Arteries branch from the aorta to bring oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle
Term
cyanosis
Definition
abnormal condition of bluish discoloration due to poor oxygenation of blood
Term
myxoma
Definition
Benign tumor of the heart (myx/o = mucus). The tumor is embedded in soft mucoid stromal tissue.
Term
hypoxia
Definition
Condition of decreased oxygen in inspired air; as occurs in high altitudes
Term
pericardiocentesis
Definition
Surgical puncture of the membrane surrounding the heart (to remove fluid)
Term
phlebotomy
Definition
Incision of a vein.
Term
thrombophlebitis
Definition
Inflammation of a vein with clots
Term
arrhythmia
Definition
Arrhythmia and dysrhythmia are used to describe abnormal heart rhythm
Term
sphygmomanometer
Definition
Instrument to measure blood pressure
Term
stethoscope
Definition
Instrument to examine the chest.
Term
thrombolysis
Definition
Destruction of clots
Term
valvuloplasty
Definition
Surgical repair of a valve (within the heart).
Term
mitral valvulitis
Definition
Inflammation of the mitral valve
Term
valvotomy
Definition
Incision of a valve
Term
vasoconstriction
Definition
Narrowing of vessels.
Term
vasodilation
Definition
Widening of vessels.
Term
vascular
Definition
Pertaining to blood vessels
Term
venous
Definition
Pertaining to veins
Term
venipuncture
Definition
Incision of a vein for phlebotomy or to start an intravenous infusion.
Term
interventricular septum
Definition
The wall separating the ventricles of the heart (lower chambers).
Term
Angiogram
Definition
X-ray record of a blood vessel
Term
Angioplasty
Definition
Surgical repair of a blood vessel.
Term
Anoxia
Definition
Lack of oxygen in body tissues
Term
Aorta
Definition
Largest artery in the body
Term
Aortic stenosis
Definition
Narrowing of the aorta
Term
Arrhythmia
Definition
Without rhythm; an irregular beat of the heart
Term
Arterial anastomosis
Definition
Surgical connection between two arteries
Term
Arteriography
Definition
X-ray recording of arteries; contrast is injected.
Term
Arteriole
Definition
Small artery.
Term
Arteriosclerosis
Definition
Hardening of an artery with collection of fatty plaque.
Term
Artery
Definition
Largest type of blood vessel
Term
Atherectomy
Definition
Removal of plaque (lipids and clots) that accumulate in the lining of an artery.
Term
Atheroma
Definition
Mass of fatty plaque that collects in an artery.
Term
Atherosclerosis
Definition
Form of arteriosclerosis in which fatty plaque deposits in the interior lining of an artery
Term
Atrial
Definition
Pertaining to an atrium (upper chamber of the heart).
Term
Atrioventricular bundle
Definition
Specialized muscle fibers connecting the atria with the ventricles and transmitting impulses between them; bundle of His.
Term
Atrioventricular node
Definition
Specialized tissue in the wall between the atria. Electrical impulses pass from the sino-atrial node (pacemaker) through the atrioventricular node and atrioventricular bundle (bundle of His) toward the ventricles.
Term
Atrium, atria
Definition
Upper chamber of the heart
Term
Brachial artery
Definition
Artery that carries blood to the arm
Term
Bradycardia
Definition
Slow heartbeat.
Term
Bundle of His
Definition
Atrioventricular bundle
Term
Capillary
Definition
Smallest blood vessel
Term
Carbon dioxide
Definition
Gas released by body cells and carried by veins to the heart, and then to the lungs for exhalation; CO2.
Term
Cardiogenic shock
Definition
Shock that results from failure of the heart in its pumping action.
Term
Cardiomegaly
Definition
Enlargement of the heart
Term
Cardiomyopathy
Definition
Disease of heart muscle
Term
Coronary arteries
Definition
Branches of the aorta bringing oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle.
Term
Cyanosis
Definition
Abnormal condition of blueness of the skin; caused by decreased oxygen and increased carbon dioxide in the blood.
Term
Deoxygenated blood
Definition
Blood that is oxygen-poor
Term
Diastole
Definition
Relaxation phase of the heartbeat
Term
Electrocardiogram
Definition
Record of the electricity flowing through the heart
Term
Endocardium
Definition
Inner lining of the heart
Term
Endothelium
Definition
Innermost lining of blood vessels.
Term
Hypercholesterolemia
Definition
High levels of cholesterol in the blood
Term
Hypoxia
Definition
Hypoxia is deficiency of oxygen in body tissues.
Term
Interventricular septum
Definition
Wall between the ventricles of the heart.
Term
Mitral valve
Definition
Valve between the left atrium and left ventricle; bicuspid valve.
Term
Mitral valvulitis
Definition
Inflammation of the mitral valve
Term
Myocardium
Definition
Muscular layer of the heart
Term
Myxoma
Definition
Rare neoplasm of connective tissue found in the heart muscle.
Term
Normal sinus rhythm
Definition
Heart rhythm originating in the sinoatrial node
Term
Oxygen
Definition
A gas that enters the body through the lungs and travels to the heart to be distributed by arterial blood to all parts of the body.
Term
Pacemaker
Definition
Specialized nervous tissue in the wall of the right atrium; it begins the heartbeat; sinoatrial node.
Term
Pericardiocentesis
Definition
Surgical puncture to remove fluid within the pericardial space surrounding the heart
Term
Pericardium
Definition
Double-layered membrane surrounding the heart
Term
Phlebotomy
Definition
Incision into a vein
Term
Pulmonary artery
Definition
Blood vessel carrying oxygen-poor blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs
Term
Pulmonary circulation
Definition
Flow of blood from the heart to the lungs and then back to the heart.
Term
Pulmonary valve
Definition
A valve located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery.
Term
Pulmonary vein
Definition
One of two pairs of vessels carrying oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart.
Term
Pulse
Definition
Beat of the heart as felt through the walls of the arteries
Term
Septum (singular), septa (plural)
Definition
Wall or partition. The interatrial septum lies between the atria of the heart and the interventricular septum is between the ventricles of the heart.
Term
Sinoatrial node
Definition
Sensitive nervous tissue in the wall of the right atrium; pacemaker of the heart.
Term
Sphygmomanometer
Definition
Instrument to measure blood pressure
Term
Stethoscope
Definition
Instrument for listening to sounds in the chest
Term
Systemic circulation
Definition
Flow of blood from body tissues to the heart and from the heart back to the tissues
Term
Systole
Definition
Contraction phase of the heartbeat
Term
Tachycardia
Definition
Rapid heartbeat
Term
Thrombolysis
Definition
Destruction of a clot
Term
Thrombophlebitis
Definition
Inflammation of a vein and formation of a clot within the vein.
Term
Tricuspid valve
Definition
A valve located between the right atrium and right ventricle.
Term
Valve
Definition
Structure in a vein or in the heart that temporarily closes an opening so that blood flows in the proper direction
Term
Valvotomy
Definition
Incision of a valve
Term
Valvuloplasty
Definition
Surgical repair of a valve
Term
Vascular
Definition
Pertaining to a blood vessel
Term
Vasoconstriction
Definition
Narrowing of a blood vessel
Term
Vasodilation
Definition
Widening of a blood vessel; vasodilatation.
Term
Vein
Definition
Thin-walled blood vessel that carries oxygen-poor (deoxygenated) blood from body tissues back to the heart.
Term
Vena cava, venae cavae
Definition
Largest vein in the body. The venae cavae (inferior and superior) return blood to the heart from the body tissues.
Term
Venipuncture
Definition
Incision of a vein to remove blood
Term
Venous
Definition
Pertaining to a vein.
Term
Ventricle
Definition
One of two lower chambers of the heart
Term
Venule
Definition
Small vein
Term
ACE inhibitor
Definition
Drug that causes dilation of blood vessels and lowers blood pressure, prevents heart attacks, strokes, and congestive heart failure. ACE stands for angiotensin-converting enzyme, which normally constricts blood vessels
Term
Acute coronary syndromes
Definition
Consequences of plaque rupture in coronary arteries; unstable angina and myocardial infarction (heart attack).
Term
Aneurysm
Definition
Local widening or ballooning out of a small area of an artery.
Term
Angina
Definition
Chest pain associated with myocardial ischemia.
Term
Angiography
Definition
X-ray imaging of blood vessels after injection of contrast material.
Term
Atrioventricular block
Definition
Failure of conduction of impulses from the AV node to the atrioventricular bundle and ventricles of the heart.
Term
Atrial fibrillation
Definition
Electrical impulses move randomly throughout the atria, causing the atria to quiver instead of contracting with a normal rhythm
Term
Auscultation
Definition
Use of a stethoscope to listen for sounds emanating from the heart or other organs
Term
Beta-blocker
Definition
Drug used to treat high blood pressure and control heart rate.
Term
Bruit
Definition
An abnormal blowing or swishing sound heard on auscultation of an artery or an organ.
Term
Calcium channel blocker
Definition
Drug used to treat chest pain (angina) and high blood pressure (hypertension).
Term
Cardiac arrest
Definition
Sudden, unexpected stoppage of the heart; sudden cardiac death
Term
Cardiac biomarkers
Definition
Chemicals that are measured in the blood as evidence of a heart attack. Examples are creatine kinase (CK), troponin-I (cTnI), and troponin T (cTnT).
Term
Cardiac catheterization
Definition
Thin, flexible tube is guided into the heart via a vein or an artery and after contrast material is introduced, blood pressure is measured, and x-rays taken to image patterns of blood flow.
Term
Cardiac MRI
Definition
Images of the heart are produced with magnetic waves.
Term
Cardiac tamponade
Definition
Pressure on the heart caused by fluid in the pericardial space.
Term
Cardioversion
Definition
Treatment for serious arrhythmias using brief discharges of electricity to shock the heart so that a normal rhythm can begin; defibrillation
Term
Catheter ablation
Definition
Brief delivery of radiofrequency or cryoenergy to destroy areas of heart tissue that may be causing arrhythmias.
Term
Claudication
Definition
Pain, tension, and weakness in a leg after walking has begun, but absence of pain at rest
Term
Coarctation of the aorta
Definition
Congenital anomaly in which a portion of the aorta near the heart is narrowed or stenosed.
Term
Computerized tomography angiography
Definition
X-ray images are combined with computerized tomography to produce a three-dimensional picture of the heart and blood vessels.
Term
Congenital heart disease
Definition
Structural heart defects that appear at birth
Term
Congestive heart failure
Definition
Heart is unable to pump its required amount of blood.
Term
Coronary artery disease
Definition
Arteries that supply blood to the heart muscle become clogged and blocked with deposits of fatty material and cholesterol (plaque).
Term
Coronary artery bypass grafting
Definition
Arteries or veins are grafted onto coronary arteries to bypass blocked arteries and bring need blood supply to the myocardium.
Term
Deep-vein thrombosis
Definition
Blood clots form in a large vein, usually in the leg
Term
Defibrillation
Definition
Brief discharges of electricity are applied across the chest to stop dysrhythmias.
Term
Digoxin
Definition
Drug that increases the strength and regularity of the heartbeat
Term
Digital subtraction angiography
Definition
Video equipment, computer and x-ray machine produce images of blood vessels before and after injecting contrast material.
Term
Doppler ultrasound
Definition
Method of focusing sound waves on blood vessels to measure blood flow.
Term
Echocardiography
Definition
High-energy sound waves are transmitted into the chest and images recorded of valves, chambers, surfaces and movement of the heart.
Term
Electrocardiography
Definition
Process of recording the electricity flowing through the heart.
Term
Electron beam computed tomography
Definition
Electron beams and CT identify calcium deposits in and around coronary arteries to diagnose early coronary artery disease
Term
Embolus, emboli
Definition
A clot or other substance that travels to a distant location and suddenly blocks a blood vessel.
Term
Endarterectomy
Definition
Surgical removal of plaque from the inner layer of an artery.
Term
Endocarditis
Definition
Inflammation of the endocardium (inner lining of the heart).
Term
Extracorporeal circulation
Definition
Use of a heart-lung machine to divert blood from the heart and lungs during open heart surgery
Term
Fibrillation
Definition
Random, rapid, inefficient, irregular contractions of the atria or ventricles.
Term
Flutter
Definition
Rapid, but regular contractions of the heart, usually of the atria
Term
Heart transplantation
Definition
Donor heart is transferred to a recipient
Term
Hemorrhoids
Definition
Swollen, twisted veins in the rectal and anal region
Term
Holter monitoring
Definition
Compact version of an electrocardiograph is worn during a 24-hour period to detect cardiac arrhythmias
Term
Hypertension
Definition
High blood pressure
Term
Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator
Definition
Small electric device implanted inside the chest (near the collarbone) to sense arrhythmias and terminate them to restore normal sinus rhythm.
Term
Infarction
Definition
Area of dead tissue
Term
Ischemia
Definition
Holding back blood to an region of the body. Myocardial ischemia is deprivation of blood to the heart muscle
Term
Left ventricular assist device
Definition
Booster pump implanted in the abdomen with a tube inserted into the left ventricle. An LVAD is a “bridge to transplant” or destination therapy when heart transplantation is impossible
Term
Lipid tests
Definition
Measurement of cholesterol and triglycerides (fats) in a sample of blood.
Term
Lipoprotein electrophoresis
Definition
Lipoproteins (combinations of fat and protein) are physically separated in a blood sample. Examples of lipoproteins are HDL (high density lipoprotein) and LDL (low density lipoprotein).
Term
Mitral stenosis
Definition
Narrowing of the mitral valve
Term
Mitral valve prolapse
Definition
Abnormal closure of the mitral valve so that blood refluxes backward into the left atrium during ventricular contraction
Term
Murmur
Definition
Extra sound heard between normal beats during auscultation of the heart.
Term
Myocardial infarction
Definition
Area of dead (necrotic) tissue in the heart muscle; heart attack.
Term
Nitroglycerin
Definition
Drug used in the treatment of angina (pectoris). It dilates coronary arteries so that more blood flows to heart muscle.
Term
Occlusion
Definition
Blockage or closure of a vessel or tube.
Term
Palpitations
Definition
Uncomfortable sensations in the chest related to cardiac arrhythmias, such as skipped beats
Term
Patent ductus arteriosus
Definition
The ductus arteriosus, a small duct that is open during fetal circulation, fails to close at birth
Term
Percutaneous coronary intervention
Definition
A catheter with a balloon and stent is inserted into a coronary artery to remove collections of plaque. Drug-eluting stents release chemicals to keep debris and plaque from recollecting.
Term
Pericardial friction rub
Definition
Scraping or grating sound heard on auscultation of the heart. It is usually symptomatic of pericarditis
Term
Pericarditis
Definition
Inflammation of the pericardium (double-layered outermost membrane of the heart).
Term
Peripheral arterial disease
Definition
Blockage of arteries carrying blood to the legs, arms, kidneys, and other organs..
Term
Petechiae
Definition
Small pinpoint hemorrhages under the skin.
Term
Positron emission tomography (PET) scan
Definition
Images show blood flow and myocardial function following uptake of radioactive substances
Term
Raynaud disease
Definition
Recurrent episodes of pallor and cyanosis in fingers and toes caused by blood vessel spasms.
Term
Rheumatic heart disease
Definition
Heart disease caused by rheumatic fever
Term
Septal defects
Definition
Small holes, present at birth, in the walls between the heart chambers.
Term
Statins
Definition
Drugs given to lower cholesterol in the bloodstream.
Term
Stress test
Definition
Exercise tolerance test (ETT) is used to determine the heart’s response to physical exertion
Term
Telemetry
Definition
Continuous monitoring of a patient’s heart rhythm in a hospital.
Term
Tetralogy of Fallot
Definition
Four separate defects of the heart occurring at birth
Term
Technetium 99m sestamibi scan
Definition
Uptake of a radioactive chemical (technetium 99m sestamibi) in myocardium reveals evidence of a heart attack (myocardial infarction).
Term
Thallium 201 scan
Definition
Concentration of a radioactive substance (thallium 201) is measured in the myocardium to show evidence of an infarction (“cold spots”).
Term
Thrill
Definition
Fine vibration felt on palpation (touching) the body over a blood vessel that is blocked.
Term
Thrombolytic therapy
Definition
Injection of drugs (streptokinase and tPA) to dissolve clots in the bloodstream.
Term
Thrombotic occlusion
Definition
Blockage of a blood vessel caused by thrombosis or clot formation.
Term
Varicose veins
Definition
Swollen, twisted veins, often occurring in the legs
Term
Vegetations
Definition
Collections of clotted material that accumulate on endocardium and valves of the heart in conditions such as endocarditis and rheumatic heart disease.
Term
[image]
Definition
Term
angi/o
Definition
vessel
Term
aort/o
Definition
aorta
Term
arter/o, arteri/o
Definition
artery
Term
ather/o
Definition
yellowish plaque, fatty substance
Term
atri/o
Definition
atrium, upper chamber of heart
Term
brachi/o
Definition
arm
Term
cardi/o
Definition
heart
Term
cholesterol/o
Definition
cholesterol
Term
coron/o
Definition
heart
Term
cyan/o
Definition
blue
Term
myx/o
Definition
mucus
Term
ox/o
Definition
oxygen
Term
pericardi/o
Definition
pericardium
Term
phleb/o
Definition
vein
Term
rrhythm/o
Definition
rhythm
Term
sphygm/o
Definition
pulse
Term
steth/o
Definition
chest
Term
thromb/o
Definition
clot
Term
valvul/o, valv/o
Definition
valve
Term
vas/o
Definition
vessel
Term
vascul/o
Definition
vessel
Term
ven/o, ven/i
Definition
vein
Term
ventricul/o
Definition
ventricle, lower chamber of heart
Term
arrhythmias
Definition
abnormal heart rhythms
Term
bradycardia and heart block
Definition
failure of proper conduction of impulses from the SA node through the AV node to the atrioventricular bundle (bundle of His)
Term
flutter
Definition
rapid but regular contractions, usually of the atria
Term
fibrillation
Definition
very rapid, random, inefficient and irregular contractions of the heart (350 beats or more per minute)
Term
congenital heart disease
Definition
abnormalities in the heart at birth
Term
Coarctation of the aorta (CoA)
Definition
narrowing of the aorta
Term
patent ductus arteriosus
Definition
passageway between the aorta and the pulmonary artery remains open after birth
Term
septal defects
Definition
small holes in the wall between the atria or the ventricles
Term
tetralogy of Fallot
Definition
congenital malformation involving four distinct heart defects
Term
congestive heart failure (CHF)
Definition
heart is unable to pump its required amount of blood
Term
coronary artery disease (CAD)
Definition
disease of the arteries surrounding the heart
Term
endocarditis
Definition
inflammation of the inner lining of the heart
Term
hypertensive heart disease
Definition
high blood pressure affecting the heart
Term
mitral valve prolapse (MVP)
Definition
improper closure of the mitral valve
Term
rheumatic heart disease
Definition
heart disease caused by rheumatic fever
Term
deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
Definition
blood clot (thrombus) forms in a large vein, ususally in a lower limb
Term
hypertension (HTN)
Definition
high blood pressure
Term
Raynaud disease
Definition
recurrent episodes of pallor and cyanosis primarily in fingers and toes
Term
angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor
Definition
antihypertensive drug that blocks conversion of angiotension I to angiotension II, causing blood vessels to dilate.
Term
biventricular pacemaker
Definition
device enabling ventricles to beat together so more blood is pumped out of heart
Term
calcium channel blocker
Definition
drug used to treat angina and hypertension
Term
nitrates
Definition
drugs used in treatment of angina
Term
patent
Definition
open
Term
BNP test
Definition
Measurement of BNP (brain natriuretic peptide) in blood
Term
3 major types of blood vessels in body?
Definition
arteries, veins, and capillaries
Term
arteries
Definition
arteries--lead blood away from the heart. The arteries have to be strong to withstand the pressure of the pumping action of the heart. Their walls are elastic and allow them to expand. Arteries turn into smaller arteries called arterioles that carry the blood to the capillaries. Arteries are made up of connective tissue and epithelial cells.
Term
capillaries
Definition
carry blood between arteries and veins. Their walls are only one epithelial cell thick. The thin walls allow for the passage of oxygen and nutrients out of the bloodstream and into the tissue fluid surrounding the cells.
Term
veins
Definition
take blood towards the heart and away from the tissues. Veins carry waste-filled blood. The blood pressure is lower in the veins than in the arteries. The veins have little valves in order to keep the blood moving toward the heart.
Term
what is systemic circulation?
Definition
Systemic circulation is the circulation from the cells to the heart and back to the cells (leaving out the lungs).
Term
what is pulmonary circulation?
Definition
Pulmonary circulation is the circulation from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart.
Term
what is the path of blood thru heart?
Definition
Blood enters the right atrium by way of the superior and inferior venae cavae. From the right atrium, the blood passes through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle. The blood travels through the pulmonary valve (or semilunar valve) through the pulmonary artery to the lungs. Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place. The blood leaves the lungs and enters the left side of the heart by way of the pulmonary vein. The blood goes through the left atrium, mitral valve, left ventricle, aortic valve, and leaves the heart through the aorta (largest artery in the body).
Term
what is separating the 4 chambers of the heart?
Definition
The four chambers of the heart are separated by the muscular partitions called septa. (singular - septum). The interatrial septum separates the two atria and the interventricular septum is between the two ventricles.
Term
what are the three layers of the heart?
Definition
The three layers of the heart are the endocardium (smooth and lines the heart), the myocardium (thick muscular layer) and the pericardium (outermost layer). The pericardium has two layers, the visceral pericardium and parietal pericardium (also called the epicardium). The pericardium holds the heart in place.
Term
heart beat: diastole
Definition
relaxation phase of the heart. The right and left atrium fill up with blood. At the end of diastole, both atria contract and send blood into the ventricles.
Term
heart beat: systole
Definition
contraction phase of the heart. Ventricles are pumping out. The right ventricle is going to the pulmonary artery to the lung. The left ventricle is going to the body.
Term
conduction system
Definition
In the right atrium in the back is specialized muscle tissue. This is where the electrical impulse originates. This is called the sinoatrial node (pacemaker of the heart). This causes the walls of the atria to contract and the blood is pushed into the ventricles (end of diastole).
Term
how can you detect if the heart is beating properly?
Definition
The waves of electricity pass from the sinoatrial node to the atrioventricular node. This is found in the interatrial septum. The atrioventricular node carries the wave to a place deep in the ventricle wall called the bundle of His. The wave goes to all parts of the ventricles and causes them to contract (systole). An electrocardiogram detects the electrical changes in the heart muscle.
Term
sphygmomanometer
Definition
instrument to measure blood pressure. Taken on the main artery (brachial) of the arm.
Term
what is the job of the two coronary arteries?
Definition
Coronary arteries are two large vessels arising from the aorta. The heart feeds itself before any other organ.
Term
atherosclerosis
Definition
deposits of fatty compounds that causes the lining of the arteries to be rough and inflexible. When blood flow is entirely stopped, it leads to an infarction. When the tissue dies because of lack of blood, it becomes ischemic.
Term
what is Transaminase?
Definition
Transaminase is an enzyme that is released from the myocardium during a heart attack. The levels rise 20 times normal in the bloodstream within 24 hours of a heart attack.
Term
flutter
Definition
rapid, regular heartbeat.
Term
fibrillation
Definition
rapid, random heartbeat.
Term
tachycardia
Definition
fast heartbeat
Term
bradycardia
Definition
slow heartbeat
Term
thrombus
Definition
clot inside an artery
Term
aneurysm
Definition
blood-filled pouches that burst from weak spots in the artery wall.
Term
hemorrhage
Definition
defective artery in the brain bursts, flooding surrounding tissue with blood.
Term
embolism
Definition
a wandering clot is carried in bloodstream until it gets stuck in an artery leading to the brain.
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