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Cardiovascular System
quiz 5/23
81
Biology
9th Grade
05/21/2011

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Term
Arteries carry blood ________ the heart
Definition
from
Term
Veins carry blood _______ the heart
Definition
to
Term
Arteries contain what fibers?
What do they do for arteries?
Definition
elastin
Allow them to expand/contract
Term
What allows regulation of blood flow and pressure in arteries?
Definition
Elastin fibers and smooth muscle
Term
What is the largest artery?
Definition
Aorta
Term
What is the term for opening and closing of arteries?
Definition
vasodilation
vasoconstriction
Term
Define: mediastinum
Definition
cavity that contains the heart
Term
What is your pulse?
(What's going on?)
Definition
Arteries are expanding/contracting
Term
You arteries are (thick/thin) but your veins are...
Definition
thick arteries
thin veins
Term
What is blood pressure affected by?
Definition
Your ability to vasoconstrict/dilate
Term
Which has more smooth muscle?
Veins/arteries?
Definition
veins
Term
what is in the veins to ensure blood moves towards the heart?
Definition
Valves
Term
The ____are under the least amount of pressure, and are furthest away form the heart
Definition
veins
Term
Define: capillaries
Definition
sight of nutrient, waste, and gas exchange
Term
The total surface area of the capillaries is____
Definition
6,000 sq meters
Term
Capillaries have what kind of walls?
Definition
One-celled thick
Term
____can leave the capillaries where it is picked up by the _____________
Definition
water
lymphatic system
Term
___________can be shut down and opened up depending upon need
Definition
capillary beds
Term
How does blood distribution work when you're running?
Definition
More blood goes to your legs, since they need it
Term
What's a normal blood pressure?
Definition
120/80
Term
Most common circulatory route?
Definition
heart-->arteries-->arterioles-->capillaries-->venules-->veins
Term
The left side of your heart pumps blood to the ________ and the right to your ______
Definition
heart
lungs
Term
What's the most abundant waste product we make?
Definition
CO2
Term
This is the branch of your kidneys
Definition
renal artery and vein
Term
This ring of muscle closes to shut down low priority places
Definition
precapillary sphincter
Term
How big is your heart?
Definition
the size of your fist
Term
2/3 of your heart is found left of the ________
Definition
midsternal line
Term
layers of heart? Details please!!!
Definition
1. Endocardium = inner lining
2. Mycocardium = muscle layer (largest layer)
3. Epicardium = outer lining of heart
4. Pericardium =membranous sac that produces pericardial fluid (lubrication, prevents friction)
Term
How many chambers does your heart have?
Describe them
Definition
4
2 atria, which pump blood to ventricles
left ventricle (systemic) pumps to body
right ventricle (pulmonary) to lungs
Term
What does the septum do?
Definition
separates left and right halves of chambers so that oxygenated blood and deoxygenated blood don't mix
Term
Part of the heart that is the fuel system for the heart?
What happens when it dies?
Definition
Right atrium, right cornary artery
heart attack
Term
How many valves do you have in your heart?
Describe them
Definition
4
Atrioventricular (atria/ventricle) encloses triscuspid valve and mitral valve
semilunar - base of aorta and -pulmonary trunk
Term
Why are your valves important?
Definition
They ensure blood flows in one direction
Term
What causes a heart murmur?
Definition
you have a leaky valve
Term
Sound your heart makes?
What is this?
Definition
lub dub
*semilunar (lub)closing and atrioventricular (dub) closing
Term
[image]
Definition
[image]
Term
Another name for your heartbeat is the___
Definition
cardiac cycle
Term
What are the names of the phases of the contraction and relaxation of the heart?
Definition
systole
diastole
Term
The average pulse is ________beats/min
Definition
70-75
Term
About how many beats does a person with a pulse of 72 beats/min have, and how many does one with 60 beats/min have assuming they both live until age eighty?
Definition
3 bil
2.5 bil
Term
go over heart diagram
Definition
Term
Explain the process of blood flow
Definition
1. Inferior-->superior vena cava
2. right atrium -->tricuspid valve-->right ventricle
3. Ventricles are full, tricuspid valve shuts off so that blood doesn’t flow backward into right atrium
4. Blood leaves heart through pulmonary valve--> lungs
5. oxygenated blood in lungs-->pulmonary arteries-->left atrium
6. left atrium-->through open mitral valve--> left ventricle
7. Left ventricle is full, Mitral valve shuts off to prevent backwards blood flow into left atrium
8. left ventricle-->aortic valve-->aorta-->rest of body
Term
[image]
Definition
[image]
Term
What does a normal ECG look like?
Definition
[image]
Term
What does an ECG with a sinoatrial block look like?
Definition
[image]
Term
What does an ECG with an atrioventricular fibrillation look like?
Definition
[image]
Term
What does an ECG with a ventricular fibrillation look like?
Definition
[image]
Term
What does an ECG with a cardiac arrest look like?
Definition
[image]
Term
What does your ECG hopefully look like after you are under a defibrillator?
Definition
[image]
Term
[image]
Definition
[image]
Term
What's all this about the intrinsic control of the heartbeat?
Definition
The SA node in the wall of the right atrium, a.k.a the "pacemaker" of your heart, sets the sinus rhythm and sends out electrical signals down the bundle of histamine to the bundle branches and Purkinje fibers into the ventricle
Term
Which contracts first: atrium or ventricles?
Definition
The atriums contract, empty,push blood into ventricles, then ventricle contracts
Term
1. The ______can control heart rate via ___ and ____ in the nervous system
Definition
1. The MEDULLA OBLONGATA can control heart rate via SYMPATHETIC and PARASYMPATHETIC in the nervous system
Term
Hormones like _____ and _____ can stimulate heart rate
Definition
epinephrine and norepinephrine
Term
What does the P wave do?
Definition
shows atria depolarizing (contracting)
Term
What does the QRS wave represent?
Definition
atria repolarizing (relaxing)and ventricles depolarizing
Term
What does the T wave represent?
Definition
ventricles repolarizing
Term
Define: tachycardia
Definition
pulse at rest over 100 bpm
Term
define: brachycardia
Definition
pulse at rest under 60 bpm
Term
define: sinoatrial block
Definition
signal from SA node doesn't reach atria: no P wave
Term
Define: atrioventricular block
Definition
signal gets delayed too much going to ventricles: PR interval too long
Term
Define: ventricular fibrillation
Definition
erratic quivering of ventricles; no pumping occurs
Term
Define: coronary arteries
Definition
thingy that feeds the heart muscle itself
Term
two ways to treat angina?
Definition
balloon inserted into plaque area to break it up; sometimes a metal cage put in place (stent) to hold open area (temporary fix)

CABG (coronary artery bypass gaft)uses the GREATER SAPHENOUS VEIN (temp control)in your leg used to bypass blocks of coronary artery
Term
hepatic portal system process?
Definition
1. nutrients absorbed by intestines enters hepatic portal vein
2. Liver deoxifies nutrients where blood leaves liver via hepatic vein and enters vena cava
Term
What does your plasma consist of?
Definition
-92% water
-Proteins albumins, globulins, and firbrinogens
-Salts
-Gases O2 and CO2
-Nutrients: lipids, glucose, and amino acids
-nitrogenous wastes: urea, uric acid
-hormones
-vitamins
Term
Define: erythrocytes
Definition
biconcave disks made by red bone marrow
Term
Describe hemoglobin
Definition
-4 globin groups (proteins)
-4 heme groups: contain iron to bind to O2
-98.5% of O2 carried by hemoglobin
-lacks a nucleus
-120 day life cycle
Term
Where are old RBC destroyed?
How is this done?
Definition
liver & spleen
Bilrubin (RBC pigment) sent to liver for removal in bile
iron is recycled
Term
What's anemia?
Types?
Definition
inability of body to carry enough oxygen


iron deficiency and hemolytic anemia (due to blood loss)
Term
What's your body's response to lack of O2? (bloodwise)
Definition
kidneys release erythropoeitin to increase # of blood cells to carry more O2
Term
Where is our olympic training center? Why?
Definition
Colorado Springs
less oxygen upon a mtn, makes more blood cells
Term
Which is more numerous? WBC or RBC
Definition
RBC
Term
Two types of WBC?
Definition
granulocytes
agranulocytes
Term
types of granulocytes? (+functions)
Definition
-neutrophils (attack bacteria)
-eosinophils (allergies)
-basophils (release histamine (dialates blood vessels)
Term
types of agranulocytes?
Definition
lymphocytes: B and T cells (specific immunity)
monocytes: become macrophages
Term
Describe: thrombocytes
Definition
-platelets w/out a nucleus inbolved in clotting
-come from cell called megakaryocyte
-cell fragments
Term
blood clotting happens when...
(describe process)
Definition
-blood vessels are damaged


-cells release prothrombin activator
-prothrombin activator converts prothrombin into thrombin (Ca+2 must be present)
-thrombin converts firbinogen into fibrin
Term
Define: fibrin
Definition
insoluble netting which traps platelets and other cells to form the initial plug
Term
What vein is used in CABG?
Definition
GREATER SAPHENOUS VEIN
Term
proteins found in plasma?
Definition
albumins, globulins, and firbrinogens
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