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Cardiovascular I
Medical Terminology
44
Pharmacology
Graduate
09/12/2011

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Term
atrium
Definition
upper right or left chamber of the heart
Term
endocardium
Definition
membrane lining the cavities of the heart
Term
myocardium
Definition
heart muscle
Term
pericardium
Definition
protective sac enclosing the heart composed of two layers with fluid between
Term
ventricle
Definition
lower right or left chamber of the heart
Term
aortic valve
Definition
heart valve between the left ventricle and the aorta
Term
mitral valve (bicuspic valve)
Definition
heart valve between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Term
pulmonary semilunar valve
Definition
heart valve opening from the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery
Term
tricuspid valve
Definition
valve between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Term
arteries
Definition
vessels that carry blood from the heart to the arterioles
Term
aorta
Definition
large artery that is the main trunk of the arterial system branching from the left ventricle
Term
arterioles
Definition
small vessels that receive blood from the arteries
Term
capillaries
Definition
tiny vessels that join arterioles and venules
Term
venules
Definition
small vessels that gather blood from the capillaries into the veins
Term
veins
Definition
vessels that carry blood to the heart from the venules
Term
systemic circulation
Definition
circulation of blood throughout the body via arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins to deliver oxygen and nutrients to body tissues
Term
coronary circulation
Definition
circulation of blood through the coronary blood vessels to deliver oxygen and nutrients to the heart muscle tissue
Term
pulmonary circulation
Definition
circulation of blood from the pulmonary artery through the vessels in the lungs and back to the heart via the pulmonary vein, providing for the exchange of gases
Term
diastole
Definition
to expand; period during the cardiac cycle when blood enters the relaxed ventricles from the atria
Term
systole
Definition
to contract; period during the cardiac cycle when the heart is in contraction and blood is ejected through the aorta and the pulmonary artery
Term
normotension
Definition
normal blood pressure
Term
Sinoatrial (SA) node
Definition
– the pacemaker; highly specialized, neurological tissue impeded in the wall of the right atrium; responsible for initiating electrical conduction of the heartbeat, causing the atria to contract and firing conduction of impulses to the AV node
Term
atrioventricular (AV) node
Definition
neurological tissue in the center of the heart that receives and amplifies the conduction of impulses from the SA node to the bundle of His
Term
bundle of His
Definition
neurological fibers extending from the AV node to the right and left bundle branches that fire the impulse from the AV node to the Purkinje fibers
Term
purkinje fibers
Definition
fibers in the ventricles that transmit impulses to the right and left ventricles, causing them to contract
Term
polarization
Definition
resting; resting state of a myocardial cell.
Term
depolarization
Definition
change of a myocardial cell from a polarized (resting) state to a state of contraction (De – not // polarization – resting)
Term
repolarization
Definition
recharging of the myocardial cell from a contracted state back to a resting state (re=again// polarization=resting)
Term
normal sinus rhythm (NSR)
Definition
regular rhythm of the heart cycle stimulated by the SA node (average rate of 60-100 beats/min)
Term
arteriosclerosis
Definition
thickening, loss of elasticity, and calcification (hardening) of arterial walls
Term
atherosclerosis
Definition
a form of arteriosclerosis characterized by the buildup of fatty substances that harden within the walls of arteries; more specific because of plaque build-up.
Term
thrombus
Definition
a stationary blood clot.
Term
embolus
Definition
a clot (ex: air, fat, or a foreign object) carried in the bloodstream that obstructs the flow of blood when it lodges (embolus = a stopper)
Term
stenosis
Definition
condition of narrowing of a part
Term
constriction
Definition
compression of a part that causes narrowing (stenosis)
Term
occlusion
Definition
plugging; an obstruction or a closing off.
Term
ischemia
Definition
to hold back blood; decreased blood flow to tissue caused by constriction or occlusion of a blood vessel
Term
infarct
Definition
to stuff; a localized area of necrosis (condition of tissue death) caused by ischemia resulting from occlusion of a blood vessel
Term
angina pectoris
Definition
chest pain caused by a temporary loss of oxygenated blood to heart muscle; often caused by narrowing of the coronary arteries (angina = to choke)
Term
aneurysm
Definition
a widening; a bulging of the wall of the heart, aorta, or artery caused by a congenital defect or acquired weakness
Term
claudication
Definition
to limp; pain in a limb (especially the calf) while walking that subsides after rest; caused by inadequate blood supply
Term
diaphoresis
Definition
profuse sweating (perspiration)
Term
palpitation
Definition
subjective experience of pounding, skipping, or racing heartbeats
Term
vegetation
Definition
to grow; an abnormal growth of tissue around a valve, generally as a result of infection
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