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Cardiovascular Ch 29-31
Slides 89-101
17
Nursing
Graduate
02/26/2012

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Term
Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome (MODS)
Definition
Progressive dysfunction of two or more organ systems due to uncontrolled inflammatory response to a severe illness or injury
Term
What are two illnesses that can lead to MODS?
Definition
Shock
Sepsis
Term
MODS can be from?
Definition
Any injury or disease that initiates massive systemic inflammation
-Trauma, major surgery, burns, acute pancreatitis, acute renal failure, ARDS
Term
Causes of MODS
Definition
Maldistribution of blood flow
Hypermetabolism
Myocardial depression
Supply-dependent oxygen consumption
Reperfusion injury
Term
Reperfusion injury
Definition
Cellular damage caused by restoration and reperfusion of oxygen to cells that were exposed to reversible hypoxic conditions
Term
Reperfusion injury occurs from?
Definition
Generation of oxygen free radicals
Term
Treatment of MODS
Definition
Control initial inflammatory process
Restore intravascular volume
Administer oxygen
Provide nutrition to support failing organs
Term
Evaluation of Shock
Definition
ABG
Serum lactate concentration
BP
Ventilation and oxygenation
Blood Chemistry
Hemoglobin and hematocrit
Term
What blood levels do you want to evaluate in shock?
Definition
Electrolytes
Glucose
BUN
Liver function
Calcium and phosphorus
Cardiac enzymes
Term
Treatment of shock
Definition
Adequate oxygen delivery
Monitor body temp
Transfusion of blood components
IV fluids (volume resuscitation)
Monitor urine output and specific gravity
Monitor BP
Term
Which of the four chambers has the thickest wall?
Definition
Left ventricle
Term
Blood flow through the heart?
Definition
Blood flows from the right ventricle through the pulmonic semilunar valve
Term
How many nuclei do cardiac muscle fibers have?
Definition
One
Term
With sepsis, endotoxin stimulates/
Definition
Maldistribution of blood flow
Term
What are functional changes expected from an acute MI?
Definition
Decreased contractility
Decreased stroke volum
Decreased ejection fraction
Increased left ventricular compliance
Term
What are 3 common causes of aortic stenosis?
Definition
Inflammatory damage caused by rheumatic heart disease
Congenital malformation
Degeneration, thickening, and calcification
Term
What are manifestations of heart disease?
Definition
Dysrhythmia
Left heart failure
Right heart failure
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