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Cardiovascular agents
Kee, J. L., Hayes, E. R., & McCuistion, L. E. (2015). Pharmacology. USA: Elsevier
27
Nursing
Undergraduate 2
05/11/2014

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Cards

Term
2 types of circulation
Definition
pulmonary and systemic
Term
3 factors determining stroke volume
Definition
preload, contractibility and afterload
Term
Name the 3 cardiovascular agents
Definition

cardiac glycosides

 

anti-dysrhythmics 

 

anti-anginals

 

 

Term
describe the pathophysiology of LHF
Definition
left ventricles do not contract sufficiently to pump blood from the lungs and left atria, into the peripheral circualtion. Excessive amount of blood backs up into the lung tissue
Term
describe one sign and one symptom of LHF
Definition
Usually SOB and dyspnoea
Term
Describe pathophysiology of RHF
Definition
Heart does not sufficiently pump blood returned from systemic circulation to the lungs. Blood and its consitituets are backed up into the peripheral tissues
Term
What 2 conditions can RHF lead to
Definition
peripheral oedema. May lead to LHF (and vice versa).
Term
chronotropic
Definition
heart rate
Term
dromotropic
Definition
conduction of heart cells
Term
inotropic
Definition
myocadial contraction, stroke volume
Term
5 non-pharmocologic measures to treat HF
Definition

(*tailored to meet individual need of patient)

 

limit salt intake to 2g/day

decrease/avoid alcohol consumption

mar restrict fluid intake

mild exercise

change unhealthy habits

 

Term
type of drug to treat angina
Definition
anti-anginals
Term
name and describe 3 types of angina
Definition

classic (stable): occurs predicatably with stress or exertion

 

Unstable (preinfarction): frequent occurance. Severity is progressive. Unpredictable. Usually indicates impeding MI. 

 

*classic and unstable caused by narrowing or partial occlussion of blood vessels

 

Variant (prinzmetal, vasospastic): during rest. Caused by vessel spasm. Can be in combination to other angina types. 

Term
3 types of antianginal drugs
Definition

beta-blockers

 

calcium channel blockers

 

nitrates

Term
2 ways that antianginal drugs can increase blood flow
Definition

either increase O2 supply

 

or decrease myocardium demand for O2

Term
Describe how antianginals, nitrates relives angina
Definition
cause general vascular and coronary vasodilation, therefore increasing blood flow and O2 supply.
Term
Descibe how the different antianginal types may be used
Definition

1) Nitrates: usually sublingual and intravenously

 

2) continuity of cardiac pain. beta blocker given IV

 

3) calcium channel blockers in place of beta blockers if client does not tolerate

Term

 

which anti-anginal is not efficient in treating variant angina?

Definition

beta-blockers can aggravate variant angina!

 

beta-blockers more effieint to prevent angina attacks

Term
Which 2 antianginals decrease workload of heart and decrease O2 supplies
Definition
beta-blockers and calcium channel blockers
Term
effect of nitrates drug group to variant angina
Definition
relaxation of coronary arteries, decrease vasospasms and increase O2 supply
Term
effect of nitrate anti-anginal drug group on stable angina
Definition
dilation of veins, which decreases preload and increases O2 supply
Term
effect of beta-blocker anti-anginal drug group on variant angina
Definition
NOT EFFECTIVE
Term
effect of beta-blocker anti-anginal drug group on stable angina
Definition
decrease heart rate and contractibility, which decreases O2 demand
Term
effect of calcium channel blockers anti-anginal drug group on variant angina
Definition
relaxation of coronary arteries, which decreases vasospams and increases O2 supply
Term
effect of calcium channel blockers anti-anginal drug group on stable angina
Definition
dilation of arterioles, which decreases after load and O2 demand.
Term
Effect of nitrate and calcium channel blockers, antianginal drug group in treating variant angina
Definition
relax coronary arteries and therefore increases O2 supply
Term
Effect of nitrates, calcium channel blockers and beta blockers on heart in treating stable angina
Definition
but decreases O2 demand, see other flash cards
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