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Cardiomyopathy/Myocarditis
Cardio Module
63
Medical
Graduate
09/18/2009

Additional Medical Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
What is the responsible mechanism for concentric hypertrophy?
Definition
pressure overload
Term
What hypertrophy is due to volume overload?
Definition
eccentric
Term
How are the sarcomeres aligned in concentric hypertrophy?
Definition
side by side
Term
How are the sarcomeres aligned in eccentric hypertrophy?
Definition
end to end
Term
Which hypertrophy type involves myocytes that have an incresed radius?
Definition
concentric
Term
What are two causes of concentric hypertrophy?
Definition
Aortic stenosis, HTN
Term
What causes eccentric hypertrophy?
Definition
Aortic Insufficency
Term
What is the name of the hypertrophy that often results after an MI in the non-necrosis tissue?
Definition
compensatory hypertrophy
Term
What is turned on in hypertrophy leading to the pathology?
Definition
Ang II
Term

Turning on of Ang II and binding to its receptor leads to the upregulation of what kinase?

 

Which growth factor is turned on?

Definition

MAP

 

TGF-B

Term
What does the turning on of Ang II ultimately lead to in regards to heart wall structure?  What does this restrict with regard to heart function?
Definition

leads to fibrosis and stiffening of the wall

 

restricts filling

Term
What are four changes in the heart's wall that lead to hypertrophy?
Definition

fetal genes are turned on

fetal proteins are turned on--> weakening wall

capillary to myocyte ratio decresae

abnormal protien structure

Term
What is resonsible for the turning on of fetal genes?
Definition
miRNA
Term
What fetal protein is synthesized in hypertrophy that leads to weaker contraction?
Definition
slow B-myosin heavy chain
Term
What is Cor Pulmonale?
Definition
change in structure of the right ventricular due to pulmonary problem
Term
What is a common cause of acute right ventricular failure?
Definition
thromboemboli
Term
What is a common cause for chronic right ventricular failure?
Definition
pulmonary HTN
Term

What occurs in the liver of a patient with chronic right ventricular failure?

 

What type of tumor can mimic right ventricular failure (throwback to a different lecture!)?

Definition

nutmeg liver

cardiac cirrhosis

 

 

Thyoma

Term
What are the five types of cardiomyopathies studied?
Definition

dilated

hypertrophy

restrictive

Obliterative

Arrhythmogenic RV

Term
What is the rate of progression in dilated cardiomyopathy?
Definition
slow progression
Term
What happens to the inotropy and ejection fraction in a patient with dilated cardiomyopathy?
Definition
decrease
Term
What are the four metabolic causes of dilated cardiomyopathy?
Definition

hemochromotosis

Kearns Sayer Syndrome

Acid Maltase Deficiency

Acyl CoA deficiency

Term
What is hemosiderosis?
Definition
iron overload due to hemolytic anemia or multiple transfusions
Term
What disease presents with brown diabetes and brown heart and why?
Definition
hemochromatosis b/c of iron in skin and heart
Term
What metabolic cause of dilated cardiomyopathy commonly causes bundle branch blockage?
Definition
kayrns Sayre syndrome
Term
A patient presents with ptosis, CHF, syncope, and a paradoxal split S2 (throwback element), what disease?  Why a paradoxal split S2? 
Definition

patient has Kearnes Sayre syndrome

 

The paradoxal split S2 is due to a bundle branch block.  The block is on the left side and is causing paradoxal split b/c aortic component is delayed secondary to the slowed conduction in the left BB.

Term
A patient presents with a large tongue and a metabolic incuded dilated cardiomyopathy, what does the patient have?
Definition
Acid Maltase Deficiency
Term
What exon is associated with Pompe disease (infantile Acid Maltase Deficiency)?
Definition
exon 18
Term
Wat disease presents with the inability to metabolize long chain fatty acids?
Definition
Acyl CoA deficency
Term
What drug toxicity can induce dilated cardiomyopathy?
Definition
doxorubicin
Term
What drug causes vacules in the sarcomere system and causes a loss in myofibrils?
Definition
doxorubicin
Term
How does chronic ETOH abuse cause a dilated cardiomyopathy?
Definition
thiamin deficiency (beri-beri)
Term
What two genetically causes in cardiac muscle can cause dilated cardiomyopathy?
Definition

dystrophin

desmin

Term
What is the inheritence of dystrophin deficiency?
Definition
x-linked
Term
What is the inheritance of Desmin overproduction?
Definition
AD
Term
What is desmin responsible for?
Definition
linking sarcomeres together
Term
How is desmin mutation diagnosed?
Definition
biopsy
Term
What are the six possible causes of myocarditis studied?
Definition

viral

bacterial

parasitic

hypersensitivity (drug induced)

Giant Cell (Fiedler)

Transplantation

Term
What is a Quilty Lesion?
Definition
a quilty lesion is a benign subendocardial lymphocyte infiltrate lesion that is not responsible for (what was once thought) rejection of heart transplant
Term
What is the most common cause of viral myocarditis?
Definition
coxsachie A/B
Term
What is true of the EKG and cardiac enzymes in myocarditis?
Definition
there can be ST changes and elevated enzymes
Term
How cannot and can the diagnosis of viral myocarditis due to coxsachie be made?
Definition

cannot be made by viral culture

 

Must be made by biopsy

Term

[image]

 

 

Patient comes to the ER complaining of angina and fatigue. Patient has a temperature of 103 F. Remembers being bit by the above bug a few days ago.  EKG shows ST changes and cardiac labs come back with elevated Troponin.  What disease does he have?

Definition
myocarditis due to chagus disease
Term
What is the dallas criteria (3) composed of in diagnosis of viral myocarditis?
Definition
inflamation, necrosis, and fibrosis
Term
What bacteria is a common cause of myocarditis?
Definition
N. Meningococcal
Term

What parasite is a common cause of mycarditis?

 

What disease does it cause?

Definition

T. Cruzi

 

Chagus

Term
What is true of the myofibers in heart in early chagus disease?
Definition
filled with parasite (amastigotes)
Term
What is amastigotes?
Definition
intracellular parasite
Term
What myocarditis causing disease prevents with biventricular dilation?
Definition
chagus disease
Term
What is true of the number of intracellular parasites in chronic chagus?
Definition
not many
Term
What is true of the biopsy in hypersensitivity myocarditis?
Definition
eosionophils and inflammation
Term
What drugs can cause hypersensitivity myocarditis?
Definition
cocaine, phenytoin, procainamide, quinidine, hydrochlorothiazides, methydopa
Term
What disesae causes a granulomatous myocarditis and has very poor prognosis unless a transplant is performed?
Definition
Giant cell (Fiedlers) myocarditis
Term
What is the gold standard for diagnosing transplantation rejection myocarditis?
Definition
biopsy
Term
What is the inheritence of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?
Definition
AD
Term
What type of cardiomyopathy presents with a haphazard organization of the myocytes?
Definition
hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Term
Which type of cardiomyopathy is due to a myocyte infiltrate such as sarcodosis?
Definition
restrictive cardiomyopathy
Term
Which type of cardiomyopathy results in ventricular complience reduction and thus reduced filling?
Definition
restrictive cardiomyopathy
Term
What type of cardiomyopathy does Loeffler Syndrome produce?
Definition
obliterative cardiomyopathy
Term
What type of cardiomyopathy is due to a conexin mutation?  What conexin is mutated?
Definition

arrhythmogenic RV cardiomyopathy

 

conexin 43

Term
WHat cardiomyopathy is fat in the myocardium diagnostic?
Definition
arrhythmogenic RV cardiomyopathy
Term
What type of cells are seen in Loeffler syndrome?
Definition
eosinophils
Term

[image]

 

What type of hypertrophy?

Definition
concentric
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