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Cardiology 3
Valve Disease
46
Medical
Graduate
09/29/2010

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Cards

Term
Stenosis & Regurgitation
Definition
What are the two basic manifestations of valvular heart disease?
Term
Afterload & Preload
Definition
______ and _____ stress lead to remodeling of the heart chambers and myocardium as a natural response to maintain cardiac output during valvular dysfunction.
Term
Congenital Abnormality
Definition
What is an abnormality of structure or function of a valve that is present at birth?
Term

Aortic and Pulmonic valves

 

*these are tricuspid valves

Definition
Which valves tend to have more congenital abnormalities?
Term
Myxomatous degeneration
Definition
An abnormality involving structural proteins, such as collagen, in valve leaflet tissue.
Term
Mitral & tricuspid
Definition
Myxomatous degeneration of valves involves which two valves mostly?
Term
Marfan Syndrome
Definition
What type of inherited connective tissue disease causes myxomatous degeneration of valves?
Term
Rheumatic Heard Disease
Definition
What is the most common cause of mitral stenosis?
Term
Rheumatic Heart Disease
Definition
What is the most common cause of multivalvular disease?
Term
Rheumatic Heart Disease
Definition
What type of disease causes valve dysfunction by an autoimmune mechanism?
Term
Streptococcal
Definition
In Rheumatic Heart Disease, what type of antigens cross-react with valvular tissue?
Term

both!

 

*this is due to the restrictive effects of scarring

Definition
Are the valves that are damaged by RHD stenotic or insufficient?
Term
Degenerative Calcification
Definition
What is the most frequent cause of aortic stenosis in the elderly?
Term
Degenerative Calcification
Definition
What type of valvular dysfunction results from calcium deposition on the body of leaflets?
Term
Endocarditis
Definition
What type of valvular dysfunction occurs on previously abnormal valves?
Term
Endocarditis
Definition
What type of valvular dysfunction causes regurgitation and vegetations?
Term
Endocarditis
Definition
Which valvular dysfunction is associated with leaflet prolapse and scarring?
Term
Papillary Muscles
Definition
Infarction of what can lead to mitral regurgitation?
Term
Systemic Lupus Erythrocytosis
Definition
What disease is associated with a noninfected warty vefeation involving primarily the mitral valve?
Term
Serotonin agonists
Definition
What drugs simulate Rheumatic heart disease and can cause medically induced valve disease?
Term
Mitral Regurgitation
Definition
What leads to volume overload of the LV?
Term
the Stroke Volume
Definition
In Mitral Regurgitation, what must increase to accomodate for the regurgant volume in the LV?
Term
Atrial Fibrillation
Definition
L Atrium enlargement predisposes the pt to what?
Term
Mitral Regurgitation
Definition
What Valvular dysfunction will show up as a systolic murmur at apex, radiating to the axilla and increasing on expiration?
Term
Trans-Esophageal Echo
Definition
What type of imaging is best to detect mitral regurgitation?
Term

ACE-I

 

* they reduce preload and afterload

Definition
What meds are best for mitral regurgitation?
Term

Coumadin

 

 

*to reduce risk of thrombo-embolus

Definition
What drug would you give for a pt with A fib. and decreased LVEF?
Term
myxomatous degeneration
Definition
What is mitral valve prolapse usually caused by?
Term
Mitral Valve Prolapse
Definition
What type of valvular dysfunction is associated wiith low BMI, low BP, and thoracic skeletal abnormalities (ie. Pectus excavatum)?
Term
Mitral Valve Prolapse
Definition
What valvular dysfunction shows up with a midsystolic click at the mitral areas with contraction of the LV and can also have a late systolic murmur after the click?
Term

Normal: 4 cm sq. or >

 

stenosis: <1 cm sq.

Definition

What is a normal valve area for the mitral valve?

 

How big is it when there is mitral stenosis?

Term
Left Atrium
Definition
Mitral stenosis causes increased pressure where?
Term
Mitral Stenosis
Definition
WHat type of valvular dysfunction leads to R sided HF?
Term
dyspnea on exertion
Definition
What is usually the first symptom of mitral stenosis?
Term
Doppler Echo
Definition
What is the test of choice for mitral stenosis?
Term
Beta Blockers
Definition
If a pt is in Afib with mitral stenosis, what drug would you use to control the rate?
Term
Balloon vulvoplasty
Definition
What is the initial choice of surgical procedures in a pt with mitral stenosis?
Term
L ventricle
Definition
Aortic regurgitation causes volume overload where?
Term
Aortic regurgitation
Definition
Which valvular dysfunction is associated with a high pitched diastolic murmur?
Term
Aortic regurgitation
Definition
What valvular dysfunction is associated with a wide pulse pressure or a water hammer pulse?
Term
Austin Flint Murmur
Definition
What is it called when the aortic regurgitant jet hits the mitral valve leaflet, causing partial closure and creating an apical diastolic murmur simulating mitral stenosis?
Term
Doppler Echo
Definition
What type of imaging is most used for aortic regurgitation?
Term
afterload
Definition
Pts with aortic regurgitation that have symptoms can be treated with medications to reduce what?
Term
LV hypertrophy
Definition
Aortic stenosis causes concentric ________ as a compensentory mechanism to maintain normal CO.
Term
Aortic Stenosis
Definition
What type of valvular dysfunction causes a systolic murmur over the aortic area that can radiate to the carotid area?
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