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Cardio
Drugs for HTN
31
Pharmacology
Professional
01/12/2012

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Term
List class and Brand name:
bumetanide
Definition
Loop (high ceiling) diuretic
Bumex
Term
List class and Brand name:
furosemide
Definition
Loop (high ceiling) diuretic
Lasix
Term
List class and Brand name:
torsemide
Definition
Loop (high ceiling) diuretic
Demadex
Term
List class and Brand name:
ethacrynic acid
Definition
Loop (high ceiling) diuretic
Edecrin
Term
Site of Action for Loop Diuretics?
Definition
thick ascending limb of Loop of Henle (25% of Na reabsorp)
Term
Loop Diuretic MOA?
Definition
inhibition of Na/K/2Cl symporter (lumen side)
*changes potential on parenchyma side
Term
Which Loop Diuretic is most potent?
Definition
bumetanide
Term
What are the effects of urine flow and ion excretion of Loop Diuretics?
Definition
1. profound increase of urine flow
2. increased excretion of Na, K, Cl and Ca, Mg
Term
List the 4 ADRs of Loop Diuretics including all imbalances (5)
Definition
1. fluid/electrolyte balance
*hypo Na; excell fl vol depletion; hypotonia, circulatory collapse, thromboembolic episodes
*hypoCl
*hypoK,Mg(risk cardiac arrhythmia)
*hypoCa (risk tetany)
2.ototox
3.hyperuricemia
4.increase LDL, decrease HDL
Term
List class and Brand name:
chlorthalidone
Definition
Thiazide diuretic
Hygroton
Term
List class and Brand name:
hydrochlorothiazide
Definition
Thiazide diuretic
Microzide
Term
List class and Brand name:
indapamide
Definition
Thiazide diuretic
Lozol
Term
List class and Brand name:
metolazone
Definition
Thiazide diuretic
Zaroxolyn
Term
Thiazide diuretics site of action
Definition
distal convoluted tubule (5% Na reabsorption)
Term
Thiazide diuretic MOA
Definition
inhibition of Na/Cl symporter
Term
How do thiazide diuretics increase urine flow?
Definition
*increase excretion of Na,Cl,H2O and K
*chronic use -> decrease excretion of Ca and uric acid
Term
How do loop diuretics increase urine flow?
Definition
* excretion of Na,K,Cl
* excretion of Ca,Mg
* acute use -> increase excretion of uric acid
c. if used acutely –  excretion of uric acid (decrease upon chronic use)
Term
What follows vol depletion and decreased BP in loop diuretics?
Definition
renin release and SNS activity
Term
What are the urinary and hemodynamic effects of thiazide diuretics?
Definition
1. increase urine flow
2. lower BP resulting in increased Na excretion
Term
Which thiazide diuretics need GFR >35ml/min to maintain diuretic function?
Definition
hydrochlorothiazide (Microzide)
chlorthalidone (Hygroton)
Term
List the 4 ADRs of Thiazide Diuretics including all imbalances (7)
Definition
1. fluid/electrolyte balance
*excell fl vol depletion, hypotension
*hypoNa
*hypoCl (metab alkalosis)
*hypoK (arrhythmia risk)
*hypoMg
*hyperCa
*hyperuricemia(gout; metab arthritis)
2.reduced glc tolerance
3.increase sexual impotency
4.increase LDL, total chol, TGs
Term
Which thiazide diuretic is most potent?
Definition
indapamide
Term
Which thiazide diuretic is has longest t1/2?
Definition
chlorthalidone (47hrs)
Term
List class and Brand name:
amiloride
Definition
K-sparing diuretics
Midamor
Term
List class and Brand name:
triamterene
Definition
K-sparing diuretic
Dyrenium
Term
K-sparing diuretic site of action
Definition
late distal tubule and collecting duct (2% Na reabsorption)
Term
K-sparing diuretic MOA
Definition
inhibits renal epithelial Na channels
Term
Main therapeutic uses of Loop diuretics
Definition
- acute pulmonary edema
- HTN and HF
- edemas and ascites (accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity)
- drug overdose (induction of profound diuresis)
- hypoNatremia (in combination with isotonic saline to prevent vol. depletion)
Term
What is hypovolemic hyponatremia and how to treat?
Definition
GI fluid loss → i.v. isotonic saline and loop diuretics
Term
What is hypervolemic hyponatremia?
Definition
cardiac failure
Term
What is euvolemic hyponatremia?
Definition
most common cause – syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion: SIADH
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