Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Cardio drugs
nyanda slides
66
Pharmacology
Professional
09/19/2013

Additional Pharmacology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Penicillins treat what spectrum of bacteria
Definition
some gram negative, gram positive, and some chylamydiae
Term
What spectrum of bacteria does sulfonamides, cephalosporins, and carbepenems treat
Definition
some gram negative and gram positive drugs
Term
what spectrum of bacteria does streptomycin treat
Definition
some mycobacteria and gram negative bacteria
Term
what spectrum of bacteria does tetracycline treat
Definition
gram negative bacteria, gram positive bacteria, chylamdiae, and rickettsiae
Term
what spectrum of bacteria does isoniazid treat
Definition
mycobacteria
Term
what spectrum of bacteria does polymycin treat
Definition
gram negative bacteria
Term
what spectrum of bacteria does vancomycin treat
Definition
gram positive bacteria
Term
what classification of antibiotics act on dna gyrase
Definition
quinolones
Term
what class of antibiotics act on RNA polymerase
Definition
rifamipin
Term
what classs of antibiotics act on protein synthesis, 30S inhibitors
Definition
tetracycline, streptomyocin, aminoglycosides
Term
what class of antibiotics act inhibit protein synthesis by inhibiting 50S
Definition
macrolides (erythromycin), chlorphenicol
Term
what class of antibiotics inhibit folic acid biosynthesis
Definition
trimethoprim, sulfonamides
Term
what class of antibiotics inhibit cell wall synthesis
Definition

vancomycin

peniclllins

cephalosporins

Term
what class of antibiotics act of the cell membrane
Definition
polymixins
Term
what is the mechanism of action of penicillins
Definition
bind to PBPs and inhibit the transpeptidase step which results in cell lysis
Term
what is the spectrum of activity of penicillins
Definition

e coli, proteus mirabilis, salmonella, shigella, h. influenza, gram positive organism 

common to treat syphilis

Term
what are the common adverse effects of penicillins
Definition
hypersensitivity, seizures, and gi disturbances
Term
what is the mechanism of action of beta lactamase inhibitors
Definition
inhibit the enzyme beta lactamase by binding to it and thus protecting the accompanying antibiotic
Term
what is the advantage of using fluroquinolones
Definition
achieve a much higher concentration in blood stream and therefore bactericidal against systemic organims
Term
what is the mechanism of action of fluoroquinoles
Definition
inhibit DNA gyrase (topoisomerase II) thus blocking DNA synthesis
Term
what is the spectrum of activity of fluroquinilones
Definition
aerobic gram negative bacteria and many gram positvie organims
Term
what are the adverse effects of fluoroquinolones
Definition

CNS: headaches, dizziness, and insomnia

GI effects: diarrhea, nausea, abnormal liver function test

photosensitivity

Term
why are beta lactams are combined with penicillin
Definition
they protect the penicillin by inhibiting the enzyme beta lactamase by binding to it
Term
what are the adverse effects of clindamycin
Definition
destroys normal flora and allows C. diificile to grow and secrete toxins
Term
what are the major side effects of aminoglycosides
Definition
ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity, neuromuscular blockade
Term
what is a good alternative for penicillins when you need a broad spectrum drug
Definition
cephalosporins
Term
what is the mechanism of action of clindamycin
Definition
binds to 50s ribosomal subunit inhibits protein synthesis
Term
what is the clinical use of clindamycin
Definition
treatment of severe infections by anaeorbic bacteria such as Bacteriodes fragilis, streptococci, staphylococci, and pneumococci
Term
what is the mechanism of action of aminoglycosides
Definition
bind to the 30S ribosomal subunit and inhibit protein synthesis by blocking the formation of the intiation complex process and translocation step
Term
what is significant about clarithromycin and azithromyocin
Definition
it has fewer adverse effects
Term
what are the contraindications of flouroquinolone
Definition
being a child and pregnant
Term
what can happen if you give flouroquinolones to a child or a pregnant woman
Definition
it can cause cartilage erosion
Term
what is fluoroquinolines effect on theophylline
Definition
it increase plasma theophyline levels
Term
what are many anti viral drugs
Definition
purine or pyrimidine analogs
Term
what are anti viral drugs mechanism of action
Definition
it inhibits active replication
Term
what is essential for recovery from a viral infection
Definition
effective host immune response
Term
what drugs would you use if a patient is allergic to penicillin
Definition
vancomycin or first generation cephalosporin
Term
what drugs do you use to treat streptococci
Definition
penicillin G, ceftriaxone, vancomyocin,
Term
what drugs do you use in combination with gentamicin to treat streptococci
Definition
penicillin G, ceftriaxone
Term
what drugs do you use if the streptocci is relatively resistant to penicillin
Definition

penicillin G or ceftriaxone plus gentamicin

vancomycin

Term
what drugs do you use if streptococci is moderately resistant to penicillin
Definition

penicillin G/ ceftriaxone plus gentamicin

vancomycin

Term
what drugs do you use with gentamicin for treating enterococci
Definition
penicillin G, ampicillin, vancomycin
Term
what drugs do you give to methicillin susceptible staphylococci in addition to oxacillin
Definition
gentamycin, vancomycin, rifampin
Term
what drug do you give to methicillin resistant staphylcocci
Definition
vancomycin, gentamicin, rifampin
Term
what drugs do you give to patients that have endocarditis that is caused by HACEK
Definition
ceftriaxone, ampicillin/sulbactam
Term
what is the most common viral cause of myocarditis
Definition
parvovirsus- B19
Term
what are two bacterial causes of myocarditis
Definition

B. burgdorferi

T. cruzi

Term
what is the mechanism of action of cyclophosphamide
Definition
forms DNA cross-links, resulting in inhibition of DNA synthesis and function
Term
what are the clinical applications of cyclophospamide
Definition
breast cancer, ovarian cancer, non-Hodkins lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, neuroblastoma
Term
what are the toxicities/side effects of cyclophosphamide
Definition
bone marrow depression, severe nausea and vomiting, acute hemorrhagic cystitis and renal damage, sterility, hypersensitivity reaction
Term
what is the mechanism of action of cisplatin
Definition
forms crosslinks within DNA strands
Term
what are the clinical uses of cisplatin
Definition
testicular cancer, combination therapy in malignant cardiac tumors, carcinomas of ovary, bladder, head and neck
Term
what is used in transplantations to control rejection reactions
Definition
azathioprine
Term
what is the mechanism of action of 5-FU
Definition
inhibits thymidylate synthase, and its metabolites are incorporated into RNA and DNA, all resulting in inhibition of DNA synthesis and function and in RNA processing
Term
what are the clinical applications of 5-FU
Definition
gi cancers, breast cancer, head and neck cancer, hepatocellular cancer
Term
what are the side effects associated with 5-FU
Definition
GIT epithelial damage, diarrhea and mouth ulcers, bone marrow suppression, nausea, mucositis, neurotoxicity
Term
what is doxorubicin mechanism of action
Definition
interfers with the cells' production of DNA and RNA by inserting itself between adjacent base pair causing local uncoiling thus blocking DNA and RNA synthesis
Term
which topoisomerse does doxorubicin inhibit
Definition
topoisomerase II
Term
what are the clinical applications of doxorubicin
Definition
multiple cancers including breast, bone, ovarian, and leukemia, ALL, non hodgkin lymphoma
Term
what are the side effects associated with doxorubicin
Definition
irreversible cardiotoxicity, hypersensitivity, myelosuppression, nausea, vomiting, and diarrha, urine and tears may turn red
Term
what phase of the cell cycle is bleomycin expresses cytotoxicity
Definition
all phases
Term
how does bleomycin effect DNA
Definition
degrades it causing chain fragmentation and release of free bases through the formation of free radical
Term
what are bleomycin side effects
Definition
pulmonary toxicity, raynaud's phenomenon, headache, nausea, and vomiting
Term
what part of the cell cycle does vincristine and vinblastine target
Definition
M phase
Term
what is vincristine mechanism of action
Definition
it binds to tubulin inhibiting polymerization of microtubule structures
Term
what is the main side effect of vincristine
Definition
peripheral neuropathy
Supporting users have an ad free experience!