Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Cardio 4
Cardio First Aid 2012
21
Medical
Professional
06/06/2013

Additional Medical Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Where does the aortic arch transmit baro/chemoreceptor info to?
Definition
Vagus nerve to the medulla
Term
Where does the carotid sinus transmit baro/chemoreceptor info to?
Definition
glossopharyngeal nerve to solitary nucleus of the medulla
Term
What change in bp does the aortic arch respond to?
Definition
increase in BP only
Term
What change in bp does the carotid sinus respond to?
Definition
Both increase and decrease in bp
Term
How does decreased bp affect the carotid sinus?
Definition

decreases afferent firing, causing increased efferent sympathetic firing to increase bp

(increases vasoconstriction, HR, and contractility)

Term
How does increased bp affect the carotid sinus and aortic arch?
Definition
Increased pressure increases afferent firing, causing decrease in BP
Term
Describe Cushing reaction
Definition
Increased intracranial pressure constricts arterioles. This causes hypertension and reflex bradycardia.
Term
What do peripheral chemoreceptors respond to?
Definition

When PO2<60 mmHg, or decrease in pH

(in aortic and carotid bodies)

Term
What do central chemoreceptors respond to?
Definition
Decrease pH or increased CO2
Term
Which organ has the largest share of systemic cardiac output?
Definition
Liver
Term
Which organ has the highest blood flow per gram of tissue?
Definition
Kidney
Term
What is a pressure-related finding in Mitral stenosis?
Definition
Pulmonary wedge pressure (equivalent to left atrial pressure) is >LV diastolic pressure
Term
Name 5 right to left shunts causing early cyanosis (blue babies)
Definition

The 5 T's:

Tetrology of fallot

Transposition of great vessels

Truncus arteriosus

Tricuspid atresia

Total anomalous pulmonary venous return (pulmonary veins drain into right heart)

Term
What is tricuspid atresia?
Definition

absence of tricuspid valve and hypoplastic right ventricle

Requires both ASD and VSD for viability

Term
Name 3 causes of left to right shunts (late cyanosis, blue kids)
Definition

VSD

ASD

PDA

Term
What is Eisenmenger's syndrome?
Definition
uncorrected left to right shunt (via VSD, ASD, or PDA) will eventually cause pulmonary vascular hypertrophy and the shunt will reverse to right to left (see late cyanosis)
Term
What are the 4 components of Tetrology of Fallot?
Definition

Pulmonary stenosis (determines the severity/ prognosis)

RVH

Overriding aorta (overrides the VSD)

VSD

Term
What causes physical anomalies of Tetrology of Fallot?
Definition
anteriorsuperior displacement of the infundibular septum
Term
What might a child with Tetrology of Fallot be observed doing?
Definition
Squatting- it increases TPR to decrease the right to left shunt
Term
Describe transposition of the Great Vessels and its cause
Definition

aorta leaves the RV and pulmonary trunk leaves the LV causing 2 parallel circulations that never mix

Can only live if there's a shunt somewhere (VSD, ASD)

 

Caused by failure of the aorticopulmonary septum to spiral

Term
What does Tetrology of Fallot look like on CXR?
Definition
Boot-shaped heart (due to RVH)
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