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cardiac
cardiac
32
Nursing
Pre-School
10/30/2014

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Term
systole
Definition
contraction of the muscle the chambers of the heart become smaller as the blood is ejected
Term
diastole
Definition
relaxation of the muscle the heart chambers fill with blood
Term
afterload
Definition
amount of resistance to ejection of blood from the ventricles
Term
what increases afterload
Definition
vasoconstriction d/t decreased s.v.
HTN, stenotic valves
Term
what decreases afterload
Definition
arterial vasodilation d/t less resistance to ejection.
Term
preload
Definition
degree of stretch of the cardiac muscles fibers at the end of diastole
Term
what increases preload
Definition
IV fluids,
Term
what decreases preload
Definition
reducing blood return to the ventricles, diuresis, loss of blood, nitrates, loss of body fluid, dehydration
Term
layers of the heart
Definition
endocardium (insidecardium)
myocardium - middle
epicardium
Term
the heart is enclosed in what
Definition
a thin fibrous sac called pericardium
Term
s1 is
Definition
closure of av valves
Term
s2 is
Definition
closure of pulmonic/aortic valves
Term
s3 is
Definition
vibration of incompletely emptied ventricles
Term
s4 is
Definition
contraction of atrium associated with ventricular enlargement
Term
murmur is
Definition
regurgitation of valves
Term
summation gallop is
Definition
hearing all 4 heart sounds at once
Term
gallop sounds
Definition
all four sounds heard
Term
cardiac output is
Definition
usually 5l/min
Term
co = what
Definition
sv x hr
Term
ratio of cholesterol to hdl is
Definition
should be <4.4
cholesterol divided by 91 =
Term
cholesterol range is
Definition
<200 md/dl
Term
LDL is
Definition
bad cholesterol
accelerates atherosclerosis
Term
ldl range is
Definition
<160 no risk factors
<130 2 or more risk factors
<100 cad or cad risk equivalent
Term
hdl is
Definition
healthy cholesterol
helps to remove ldl
Term
HDL range is
Definition
men 40-70
women 50-85
Term
triglyceride range is
Definition
100-200
Term
what causes elevated levels for cholesterol
Definition
obesity, physical inactivity, excessive alcohol, high carbs diet, diabetes, kidney dx, medications
Term
risk factors for coronary artery disease are
Definition
tobacco use, htn, atherosclerosis, family hx, metabolic syndrome
Term
most common cause of cad is
Definition
elevated lipid levels - atherosclerosis
Term
metabolic syndrome is
Definition
insulin resistance
abd obesity waist greater 35 and 40
triglycerides >150
HDL <50 and 40
HTN
pro inflammatory state - increased c reactive protein
pro thrombotic state - increased fibrinogen
Term
non modifiable risk factors are
Definition
family hx
inc age
diabetes
gender
race - AA
Term
modifiable risk factors
Definition
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