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Cardiac Embryology
Facts and Terms about Cardiac Embryology
19
Medical
Professional
09/09/2013

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Cards

Term

Cardiac Embryology Quick Facts

Definition
  • The heart develops while it is functioning.
  • Development begins at 3 weeks and is complete by 7 weeks.
  • The heart is the first organ to complete its development during fetal growth.
  • Most defects occur during the 4th and 5th week. 

 

 

Term

0-20 Days

Definition
  •  No heart or great vessels.
Term

20th Day

Definition
  • Vascular tube: 3 parts.
  • Sinus venosus.
  • Cardiac loop.

  • Aortic Arches

Term

Sinus Venosus

 

Definition
  • Forms IVC/SVC, Pulmonary veins, CS, and posterior parts of the right atrium and left atrium.

 

Term

Cardiac Loop

Definition
  • Forms primitive atrium, ventricles and bulbus cordis.

 

Term

Aortic Arches

Definition
  • Forms great vessels, carotid arteries, pulmonary arteries, ductus arteriosus.
  • There are 6 arches present.
  • The 3rd, 4th and 6th arches persist.
  • 3rd becomes carotid.
  • 4th becomes left subclavian and Ao arc.
  • 6th becomes right and left pulmonary arteries. 

 

Term

23rd Day

Definition
  • First (ineffective) contractions.

 

Term

24th Day

Definition
  • Bulboventricular loop.

 

Term

D-Looped

Definition
  • When the heart loops anterior and to the right…..this is NORMAL.

 

Term

L-Looped

Definition
  • Heart folds to the left…resulting in corrected transposition or L-transposition. The ventricles and the great vessels are transposed.  RA-LV-PA and LA-RV-AO.
Term

27th Day

Definition
  • Muscular septum/cushions appear.
  • Failure of Atrial or Ventricular septation results in ASDs or VSDs.

     

Term

31st Day

Definition
  • Fusion of truncus swellings.
  • Forms the AV, PV, AO and PA.
  • Failure of truncus to spiral results in transposition of the great arteries. D-transposition. RA-RV-AO and LA-LV-PA.

  • Persistent truncus arteriosus. 

     

     

     

Term

34th Day

Definition
  • Septation: fusion of conus and endocardial cushions.
  • AV canal defects (partial or complete).

 

Term

40th Day

Definition
  • Final cushion formation, A-V valve cusps.

     

     

Term

43rd Day

Definition
  • Complete heart.
Term

Concordance

Definition
  • Chambers and valves that are properly aligned or a normally aligned heart.
Term

Discordance

Definition
  • Refers to chambers or valves that are malaligned.

     

     

Term

3 Points of Reference for Transposition

Definition
  • The position of the arterial trunks.
  • The emergence of the arterial trunks from the ventricular chambers.
  • The relationship of the ventricles to the atrioventricular valves. 
Term

Important Pediatric Echo Rule

Definition
  • The A-V valves (TV/MV) almost always attach to their appropriate ventricles (MV-LV, TV-RV) and the cono-truncal valves (AV/PV) attach to their appropriate arteries (AV-AO, PV-PA).
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