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Cardiac cycle
steps and details of the cardiac cycle
29
Physiology
Undergraduate 4
04/07/2013

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Term
step 1
Definition
continuous inflow of blood from venous system into atrium; atrial pressure slightly higher than ventricular; both chambers are relaxed (Mid Ventricular Diastole)
Term
What segment corresponds with Mid Ventricular Diastole on the ECG
Definition
TP segment
Term
step 2
Definition
AV valve is open, blood flows from atrium into ventricle during filling phase of ventricular diastole causing ventricular volume to increase
Term
step 3
Definition
SA node reaches threshold and fires; impulse spreads throughout atria (P wave on ECG)
Term
step 4
Definition
atrial depolarization leads to atrial contraction raising the atrial pressure curve
Term
step 5
Definition
atria squeeze more blood into ventricle (excitation-contraction coupling takes place in delay between P wave and rise in atrial pressure)
Term
step 6
Definition
rise in ventricular pressure as atrial pressure rises resulting from additional volume of blood added to ventricle by atrial contraction; AV node open since atrial pressure still slightly higher than ventricular pressure
Term
step 7
Definition
ventricular diastole ends and ventricular contraction about to begin; atrial contraction and ventricular filling are completed as ventricle reaches EDV (no more blood added)
Term
step 8
Definition
impulse travels through AV node and excites ventricle; atrial contraction ends as ventricles are activated; QRS complex represents ventricular excitation (ECG)
Term
step 9
Definition
ventricular contraction; ventricular pressure curve sharply increases right after QRS complex (signals onset of vent systole); vent (P)ressure higher than atrial P so AV valve closes
Term
step 8
Definition
impulse travels through AV node and excites ventricle; atrial contraction ends as ventricles are activated; QRS complex represents ventricular excitation (ECG)
Term
step 9
Definition
ventricular contraction; ventricular pressure curve sharply increases right after QRS complex (signals onset of vent systole); vent (P)ressure higher than atrial P so AV valve closes
Term
step 10
Definition
AV valve is closed; ventricle is closed chamber
Term
step 11
Definition
no blood enters or leaves ventricle (constant volume); muscle fibers stay at constant length while vent P rises
Term
step 12
Definition
Vent P exceeds aortic P
Term
step 13
Definition
aortic valve opens and ejection of blood begins; aortic P rises as blood is forced into aorta from ventricle faster than blood is draining into smaller vessels at other end point
Term
step 14
Definition
ventricular volume decreases substantially as blood is rapidly pumped out
Term
step 15
Definition
ventricle does not empty completely (approx half)(remaining blood at end of ejection is ESV)
Term
step 16
Definition
T wave (ECG); ventricular repolarization at end of ventricular systole
Term
step 17
Definition
as ventricle repolarizes and starts to relax, vent P falls below aortic P and aortic valve closes
Term
step 18
Definition
closure of aortic valve produces a disturbance on aortic pressure curve (dicrotic notch); no more blood leaves ventricle because aortic valve is closed
Term
step 19
Definition
when aortic valve is closed, AV valve is not open because vent P still higher than atrial P (all valves closed again); no blood enters ventricle from atrium; isovolumetric ventricular relaxation
Term
step 20
Definition
muscle fiber length and chamber volume remain constant as no blood leaves or enters vent; vent continues to relax and P steadily falls
Term
step 21
Definition
vent P falls below atrial P and AV valve opens; vent filling occurs again
Term
step 22
Definition
atrial repolarization and vent depolarization at same time (atria in diastole when vent is in systole); blood flow from pulmonary veins into left atrium; blood pools in the atrium and atrial P rises continuously
Term
step 23
Definition
when AV valve opens at end of vent systole, blood flows from atrium rapidly into vent
Term
step 24
Definition
initial vent filling is fast and then slows down quickly
Term
step 25
Definition
blood continues to flow through from pulmonary veins into left atrium and then through open AV valve into left ventricle; during late vent diastole when vent is slowly filling, the SA node fires again and cycle starts over
Term
what are the main parts of the cardiac cycle and what steps correspond with each
Definition
Mid ventricular diastole (1-2); Late ventricular diastole (3-6); End of ventricular diastole (7); ventricular excitation and onset of ventricular systole (8-9); isovolumetric ventricular contraction (10-11); ventricular ejection (12-14); end of ventricular systole (15); ventricular repolarization and onset of ventricular diastole (16-18); isovolumetric ventricular relaxation (19-20); ventricular filling (21-25)
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