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Cabrillo Bio 1B Lab Exam 2
Deuterostomes
29
Biology
Undergraduate 1
11/08/2007

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Term
Echinodermata
Definition
Spiny skin, 5-part symmetry; Asteroidea (Sea stars), Ophiuroidea (brittle and basket stars), Holothuroidea (sea cucumbers), Echinoidea (sand dollars and sea urchins), Crinoidea (sea lilies, feather stars)
Term
Ossicle
Definition
Calcareous plate enclosing the body; may have gaps or pores for protruding gills
Term
Pedicellaria
Definition
Small jaws on the surface of urchins and stars for defense
Term
Circulatory/movement system
Definition
Echinoderms have a water vascular system, with no heart or blood vessels; instead they have a ciliated body cavity lining; An aboral madreporite connected to the ring canal, from which radial canals project, connected to ampullae with tube feet on the oral surface
Term
Asteroideans
Definition
Sea stars; evert stomachs onto or into prey to digest outside the body
Term
Opiuroideans
Definition
Brittle stars and Basket stars; respire through bursal slits; viscera are within central disks
Term
Brittle stars
Definition
Ophiuroideans; have vertebrae in removable arms allowing serpentine movement; gonads and guts in central disk
Term
Basket stars
Definition
Ophiuroideans; Arms branch dichotomously into many branchlets
Term
Holothuroideans
Definition
Sea cucumbers; use tentacles to feed; have calcareous spicules instead of ossicles; Respiratory trees branch off the cloaca
Term
Aristotle's lantern
Definition
Chewing mouth part in Echinoideans (Sea urchins and sand dollars)
Term
Echinoideans
Definition
Sand dollars and Sea urchins
Term
Sea Urchins
Definition
Echinoideans; Ossicles form a globe-shaped test; full of yummy gonads
Term
Crinoideans
Definition
Sea lilies and feather stars
Term
Feather star
Definition
Crinoideans; can either hold onto a reef with aboral feet-like cirri, or swim around; Filter feed wiht feathery pinnule-covered arms
Term
Pinnule
Definition
"tiny feather" on featherlike arm of Crinoidean feather stars
Term
Sea lily
Definition
Crinoidean; sessile with a stalk; filter feeders
Term
Garstang's Hypothesis
Definition
A filter-feeding ancestral deuterosome gave rise to Echinoderms, Hemichordates, and Chordates
Term
Hemichordates
Definition
Part chordate; have pharyngeal slits, dorsal hollow nerve chord and notochord; larvae resemble those of echinoderms; filter feed; Acorn worms and pterobranchs
Term
Acorn worm
Definition
Hemichordate; worm-like; has a three-part body with proboscis, collar, and trunk; solitary mud-dwellers
Term
Pterobranchs
Definition
Hemichordates; Have three-part segmented body similar to acorn worms; colonial organisms
Term
Four features of Chordates
Definition
1) dorsal hollow nerve chord
2) cartilage or bone notochord
3) post-anal tail
4) pharyngeal slits for respiration and filter-feeding
Term
Clades of Chordates
Definition
1)Urochordata
2)Cephalochordata,
3)Craniata
Term
Urochordates
Definition
Part of chordata; filter feed with pharyngeal slits and incurrent and excurrent siphon; most are tunicates
Term
Tunicates
Definition
Urochordates; sessile filter feeders; free-swimming tadpole larvae with a dorsal notochord and hollow nerve tube; Adult form turns nerve tube into ganglion
Term
Salp
Definition
Urochordates; free-swimming filter feeders; lose larval tail to form barrel shape, move by contraction of the digestive atrium
Term
Larvaceans
Definition
Urochordates; Display neoteny, retaining free-swimming "tadpole" form as adults
Term
Neoteny
Definition
Retaining juvenile form in mature adults; according to Garstang's Hypothesis this was an important step in the evolution of chordates
Term
Cephalochordata
Definition
Subclade of chordates; look like small blind fish; example is the Lancelet or Amphioxus
Term
Amphioxus
Definition
Cephalochordate; Lancelets; look like small blind fish; sand-dwelling filter-feeders
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