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CA Chemistry-Matter
Classifications and Properties of Matter
41
Chemistry
10th Grade
09/16/2009

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Term
Matter
Definition
Anything that has mass and volume
Term
Mass
Definition
the amount of material in an object
Term
volume
Definition
the amount of space an object occupies
Term
Substances
Definition
pure matter whose composition does not vary
Term
Mixture
Definition
matter whose composition can vary
Term
Element
Definition
a pure substance made up of one type of atom
Term
Compound
Definition
a pure substances composed of two or more types of atoms chemically bonded together
Term
atom
Definition
smallest unit of an element that still maintains all the properties of that element
Term
molecule
Definition
smallest unit of a covalent compound that still has all the characteristics of that compound
Term
formula unit
Definition
smallest unit of an ionic compound that still has all the properties of that compound
Term
heterogeneous mixture
Definition
mixture of substances that maintain distinct boundaries and threrefore do not appear uniform throughout
Term
homogenous mixture
Definition
mixture of materials that are of one phase and appear uniform throughout
Term
solutions
Definition
another name for homogenous mixtures
Term
compound
Definition
This matter has unique properties from the elements that compose it.
Term
mixture
Definition
In this form of matter each of the substances maintains its own set of characteristics
Term
Distilliation
Definition
Technique for separating mixtures based on differences in boiling points
Term
Crystallization
Definition
Technique used for separating a substances in a mixture based on differences of the substances to form solid crystals in a liquid solution
Term
Filtration
Definition
Technique used for separating mixtures based on differences in the size of the particles
Term
Chromatography
Definition
Technique used to separate mixtures based on differences in mass
Term
Periodic Table
Definition
Chart of all the natural and synthetic elements
Term
92
Definition
Number of naturally occurring elements
Term
Law of Definite Proportions
Definition
States that regardless of amount, a compound is always composed of the same elements in the same proportions by mass
Term
Law of Multiple Proportions
Definition
States that when different compounds are composed of the same elements, different masses of one element combine with the same relative mass of the other element in a ratio of small whole numbers
Term

Percent by mass=    mass of element  x 100

                   mass of compound

Definition
Formula for calculating percent by mass of an element within a compound
Term

mass ratio of compound 1

mass ratio of compound 2

 

 

*you must first calculate ratio of elements within each compound (mass of element 1/mass of element 2)

Definition
Formula for calculating the ratio of elements in two diferent compounds
Term

Release or absorption of energy

Color change

Production of an odor

Production of a precipitate

Production of a gas

Definition
What are some indicators that a chemical change has occurred?
Term
Physical Properties
Definition

Properties of matter that can be observed or measured without altering the composition of the matter

 

Examples: state of matter, temperature, color, mass, density, shape, texture, weight

Term
Chemical Properties
Definition

Properties of matter that result from the reaction of one substance with another substance

 

 

Example: ability to burn, rust, corrode

Term
Intensive
Definition

Type of physical properties that are not dependent on the amount of material present

 

Examples: melting point, color, density

Term
Extensive
Definition

Type of physical properties that are dependent on the amount of material present

 

Examples: mass, weight, volume

Term
Chemical
Definition

Type of change in matter that results in the formation of a new substance

 

Examples: burning paper, tarnishing silver, rusting iron

Term
Physical
Definition

Type of change in matter that does not result in the formation of a new substance

 

Example: cutting fabric, melting butter, freezing water, folding paper

Term
Solid
Definition
State of matter that has a definite shape and definite volume
Term
Liquid
Definition

State of matter that has a definite volume, but shape varies according to its container

 

Particles have enough energy to slip past one another, but stay in close proximity

Term
Gas
Definition

State of matter in which the particles have enough energy to overcome their attraction for one another and they occupy as much space as is available to them.

 

State of matter that has neither a constant volume or constant shape

Term
Freezing
Definition
The change in state from liquid to solid
Term
Melting
Definition
The change of matter from the solid state to the liquid state
Term
vaporization
Definition
The change of state of matter from liquid to gas
Term
condensation
Definition
The change of state of matter from gas to liquid
Term
deposition
Definition
The change of matter from the gaseous state directly to the solid state
Term
sublimation
Definition
change of matter from the solid state directly to the gaseous state
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