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C550 final review
Cardiac and Respiratory
21
Nursing
Graduate
06/28/2013

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Term
True or False:
Maternal infections such as coxsackie, rubella, and other viruses contracted during pregnancy can cause CHD?
Definition
True.

So can medications, alcohol, and drugs.
Term
True or false:
Children with CHD after have birth weights our of normal ranges and low APGARs.
Definition
False.

Birth weight is in normal range, maybe even large with diabetic mothers.
APGARS normal (unless cyanotic).
Term
True or False:
Children with CHD may have increased RR, decreased feeding tolerance, and FTT.
Definition
True
Term
How do you tell the difference between hypercyanotic spells (kids with TET) and breath holding spells?
Definition
Look at events leading up to it and description of chest movement, respiratory effort.
Term
Symptoms of Kawasaki's Disease:
Definition
fever for 5 days, strawberry-colored tongue, bright red lips, bilateral nonexudative conjuctivitis, edema and erytheme of soles and palms, rash, large lymph nodes
Term
Risk of having child with CHD if:
1) sibling has CHD
2) parent has CHD
Definition
1) 2-3%
2) 2-15%
Term
True or false:
There is no need to follow a cyanotic infants H/H levels until 6 months after they are born.
Definition
False.
Follow-up particularly between 2-3 months (the time of normal physiologic anemia).
Term
Irregular pulses may indicate _______.
Bounding pulses may indicate _______.
Definition
arrhythmia
aortic-run off lesions (PDA, AVM, etc).
Term
Where is the PMI located?
What about in newborns?
Definition
PMI is located at the apex and left midclavicular line.
In newborns, may be located at lower left sternal border (indicating RV dominance).
Term
What is a heave?
What is a thrill?
What is an ejection click?
Definition
Heave- diffuse PMI that is diffuse and rises slowly
Thrill- indicates turbulent blood flow; vibratory sensation palpated in precordium and over carotids.
Click- extra heart sounds occurring between S1 and S2.
Term
S1 is the ___ heart sounds and occurs when the ____ and ____ valves close.
Is it heard at the ____ sternal border.
Definition
First
Mitral and tricuspid
Lower left
Term
S2 is the ____ heart sound and occurs when the ____ and ____ valves close.
It is best heard at the ___ sternal border.
Definition
Second.
Pulmonic and aortic.
Upper left
Term
Systolic murmurs are heard _______.
Diastolic murmurs are heard ______.
Definition
Between S1 and S2.
After S2.
Term
Innocent murmurs are:
Definition
Systolic, soft, short.
Heard over lower left sternal border.
Child is asymptomatic.
Term
True or false:
EKG's are used to establish a confirm a diagnosis vs establishing one.
Definition
True.
Term
The nasal cavity, pharynx, and larynx comprises the _____ respiratory tract.
Definition
upper
Term
The trachea, lungs, bronchi, bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and alveoli comprise the _____ respiratory tract.
Definition
Lower
Term
Normal chest AP/transverse ratio is_____.
Definition
1:2.
In infants, OFC and chest wall are roughly equal in diameter (1:1).
At age 6, 1:1.36.
Term
True or false:
Cheyne-Stokes breathing is characterized by see-saw breathing pattern.
Definition
False.
Paradoxical breathing is seesaw-like and and is seen in newborns b/c they use abdominal muscles instead of intercostal muscles.
Cheyne-strokes breathing- increasing and decreasing TV separated by apnea (in CHF and increased ICP).
Term
What is a normal I:E ratio in infants
Definition
1:2
In restrictive airway disease, 1:1
Upper airway obstruction, 2:2 or 4:2.
Obstructive diseased prolong expiration.
Term
What is bronchophony?
What is egophony?
Definition
bronchophony: auscultate and hear talking or crying clear
Egophony: "ee" sounds like "ay" upon auscultation
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