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C & E Unit 2
Vocabulary
32
Economics
10th Grade
02/10/2009

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Term
bicameral
Definition
a legislature consisting of two parts, or houses
Term
Articles of Confederation
Definition
The Articles established a plan for government. They were a plan for establishing a system for cooperation or "league of friendship" among independent states.
Term
ratified
Definition
to vote approval of
Term
Northwest Ordinance
Definition

The most significant achievement under the Articles of Confederation. The NW Ordinance laid the basis for organization of new territorial governments and set a precedent for the method of admitting new states to the Union. The NW Ordinance also included a specific provision outlawing slavery:

"There shall be neither slavery nor involuntary servitude in said territory."

Term
Shay's Rebellion
Definition
Daniel Shay's was a farmer who had fallen into debt because of heavy state taxes. Massachusetts courts threatened to take his farm. Shay's believed that they had no right to take his farm for something they had caused. He led a riot of about 1,200 farmers on a federal arsenal. This was a wake up call that we needed to revise the Articles and have a stronger national governement.
Term
Constitutional Convention
Definition
meeting of state delegates in 1787 leading to adoption of new Constitution
Term
Virginia Plan
Definition
This plan outlined a system similar to the one we have today with a president, courts, and a congress with two houses.Representation in each house of congress would be based on each state's population.This plan appealed to the more heavily populated states like Virginia,Massachusetts,etc. Small states feared this plan because they thought the larger, more populated states would ignore their interests.
Term
New Jersey Plan
Definition
This plan was submitted by smaller states by William Patterson. It included a one-house congress in which states would have equal representation and therefore equal votes. Under this plan, Congress could set taxes and regulate trade-powers it did not have under the Articles. Small states like Delaware wanted this plan but larger states would not accept it.
Term
Great Compromise
Definition
Roger Sherman came up with a plan to settle the representation argument in Congress. It was proposed that Congress have two houses-a Senate and a House of Representatives. Each state would have equal representation in the Senate. Small states loved this part. In the House, representation would be based on population. Large states loved this.
Term
Three Fifths Compromise
Definition
The Southern states wanted to count their 550,000 slaves as population for representation purposes. Delgates agreed that every five slaves would count as three slaves for representation purposes. So, three fifths of the slave population in each state would be used in determining representation in Congress. 
Term
Federalists
Definition
Strong supporters of the Constitution. They believed in a form of governent in which power is divided between the federal, or national, government and the states. This group was primarily large land owners.
Term
Anti-Federalists
Definition
This group opposed the Constitution. They feared that a strong national government would ignore the the states, the people, and favor the wealthy few over the common people. They feared losing their rights.
Term
legislative branch
Definition
the lawmaking branch of government
Term
executive branch
Definition
the branch of government that carries out laws
Term
judicial branch
Definition
the branch of government that interprets the laws
Term
Necessary & Proper Clause
Definition
This clause as stated in Article I allows Congress to exercise powers not specifically listed in the Constitution. It is known as the "implied clause". Examples of using this clause would be from licensing television stations to regulating air pollution.
Term
Popular Sovereignty
Definition
the notion that power lies with the people
Term
Rule of Law
Definition
principle that the law applies to everyone, even those who govern
Term
Separation of Powers
Definition
the split of authority among the legislative, executive, and the judicial branches
Term
Checks and Balances
Definition
a system in which each branch of government is able to check, or restrain, the power of the others
Term
Expressed Powers
Definition
powers that Congress has that are specifically listed in the Constitution
Term
Reserved Powers
Definition
powers that the Constitution does not give to the national government that are kept by the states
Term
Concurrent Powers
Definition

powers shared by the state and federal governments

Term
Supremacy Clause
Definition
This is found in Article VI and states that the Constitution, other laws, treaties made by the national government "shall be the supreme law of the land." The Constitution is the highest law.
Term
Civil Liberties
Definition
freedoms to think and act without government interference or fear of unfair legal treatment
Term
John Peter Zenger
Definition
He was a publisher who was arrested and imprisoned for criticizing the govenor of New York. His attorney argued that a press free to criticize the government could prevent that government from abusing its power. This landmark case is linked to free press in America (1733).
Term
indictment
Definition
a formal charge by a grand jury
Term
double jeopardy
Definition
putting someone on trial for a crime of which he or she was previously acquitted
Term
eminent domain
Definition
the right of government to take private property for public use
Term
suffrage
Definition
the right to vote
Term
affirmative action
Definition
programs intended to make up for past discrimination by helping minority groups and women gain access to jobs and opportunities
Term
Whiskey Rebellion
Definition
George Washington summoned troops to put down this rebellion in 1794. The rebellion reflected tension between federal and regional interests. This had to do with a tax placed on whiskey and it hurt small frontier farmers. Farmers in western Pennsylvania refused to pay the tax and beat up federal marshals.  
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