Term
| Characteristics of Neurons |
|
Definition
-Conducting potential, longevity, amitotic, high metabolic rate
-rER is called Nissl body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Largest and most numerous.
-Controls ionic environment
-Guides the migration of developing neurons
-Maintains blood-brain barrier |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Small cells that surround neurons in a ganglion
-Provide insulation and metabolic support for neurons |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Voluntary
-Includes reflexes and sensory
-Speciel senses and autonomic senses |
|
|
Term
| Other organs that produce hormones |
|
Definition
| -Heart,kidney,stomach,liver,duodenum,skin,adipose tissue,placenta |
|
|
Term
Pars Tuberalis
Pars Intermedia |
|
Definition
Pars Tuberalis- cuboidal cells with little known function
Pars Intermedia- secretes melanocyte stimulating hormone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Covered by CT capsule that leads to septae that divide pancreas into lobules
-90% ductal and exocrine glands |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -Alpha cells-15-20%,secrete glucagon -Beta Cells-60-75%, secrete insulin -Delta cells- 5-10%, secrete somatostatin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -Regulates GH, glucagon, & insulin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Protects, Secretes, Absorbs
-Epithelium, Lamina Propria, Muscularis Mucosae |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Submucosa-controls mucosal function
Muscularis Externa-Peristalsis
Adventia/Serosa-reduces friction, adheres to body wall |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-1.5L a day
-Hypotonic,mucus,enzymes,bicarbonate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Parotid-largest,serous, mumps
Submandibular-mixed
Sublingual-serous&mucous, mostly mucous |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Secrete Serotonin and Gastrin in the stomach |
|
|
Term
| Modifications for GI absorption |
|
Definition
1-Length
2-Plicae Circulares: inc. SA, slows chyme
3-Villi
4-Microvilli-Inc SA, contain enzymes |
|
|
Term
| Main functions of GI segments |
|
Definition
Duodenum-mixing
Jejunum-Chem Digestion
Illeum- Absorption |
|
|
Term
| Features of Large Intestine |
|
Definition
Teniae Coli-3 longitudinal layers of smooth musc.
Haustra-sacks or bulges
Epiploic appendages- fat filled pouches of visceral peritoneum |
|
|
Term
| Pancreatic Exocrine secretions |
|
Definition
Amylase-carbs
Proteases-Proteins
Lipases-Fats
Nucleases-Nucleic Acids
Isotonic fluid w/water, ions, enzymes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Metabolic, Detox, Plasma protein synthesis, glycogen, activate Vit. D, removal of bacteria and RBCs, billirubin, bile formation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Starts as laryngotracheal groove, then trachea and lung bud form, then the primary bronchus, stem broncha, and prospective lung lobe |
|
|
Term
| Zones of respiratory system |
|
Definition
Conducting zone: nasal cavity, pharynx,larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles
Respiratory zone- respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, alveoli |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Upper-Nasal cavity, pharynx
Lower-Larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -Nostril->nasal cavity->nasopharynx->pharynx -Warms, humidifies, filters air |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Moves air and food.
-Contains nasopharynx, oropharynx,& laryngopharynx |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Blocks food from entering trachea, composed of 9 cartilages, below the pharynx, contains the vocal chords |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Detox
-one component of surfactant
-act as stem cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
ATI- 5% by #, 97% of surface area, occluding junctions
ATII- Mitosis to form either ATI or ATII, secrete surfactant(90% lipids, 10% proteins) |
|
|
Term
PCT
Desc. Loop
Asc. Loop
DCT
Principal cells
alpha-intercalated cells |
|
Definition
PCT-65% of reabsorption
Desc. Loop of Henle-H20 & solute permeable
Asc. Loop- no H20, yes ions
Late DCT- responds to ADH
Principle Cells- absorb Na, secrete K
alpha-intercalated cells-Secrete H+, reabsorb bicarbonate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Fenestrated Capillaries
-Basement membrane- thick w/type IV collagen
-Podocytes-uniform width
-Blocks RBC's and proteins, allows water, wastes, ions, glucose, fatty acids, AA, vitamins |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Contain actin and are contractile(alters blood flow)
-Secrete inflammatory cytokines
-Synthesize matrix
-Phagocytosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Spermatagonia Type A- makes Type A or B Spermatagonia Type B- goes on to become sperm
1st meitotic division occurs between primary and secondary spermatocytes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Process where immature spermatazoa are released into the lumen of the seminiferous tubule. They are simply a cytoplasmic droplet and are immature |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Joined to each other by tight juncitons
-Release estrogen, inhibin androgen binding protein |
|
|
Term
| Interstitial Testes Compartment |
|
Definition
-Blood and lymph
-Nerves
-Leydig Cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Seminiferous tubule->tubulus rectus->rete testis->efferent ducts->epididymus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Secretes: Fructose, proteins, and prostaglandins
Secretes 80% of semen volume |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-One follicle per cycle will reach this size
-Remains in Prophase I(diplotene stage) until LH surge
-Progresses to Metaphase II until fertilization |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Hypothalamus releases GnRH which causes LH and FSH to surge and act on follicles to induce ovulation.
-Corpus luteum becomes a temporary endocrine organ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
ampulla-site of fertilization
isthmus-sperm reservoirs in other species
Intramural portion
All are a place for embryo nutrition and sperm/embryo transport.
mostly ciliated columnar epithelium |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Nulliparous-3 in long, 2 in wide, 1 in thick
Parous-larger than nulliparous |
|
|
