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PANCE/PANRE Review
733
Medical
Graduate
05/09/2012

Additional Medical Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

Heinz Bodies

Elevated Reticulocyte Count

Definition
G6PD Hemolytic Anemia
Term
Howell-Jolly Bodies
Definition
Folic Acid Deficiency
Term

Pica

Cheilosis

Artophic Glossitis

Koilonychia

Definition
Iron Deficiency Anemia
Term
Basophilic Stippling
Definition
Beta Thalassemia
Term

Ringed Siderblasts

Prussian Blue Staining of Bone Marrow

Definition

Hypochromic Microcytic Anemia: caused by

Myelodysplasia

Chronic Alcoholism

Lead Poisoning

 

Term

Hypersegmented Neutrophils

Posterior Column Neuro "stocking-glove" parethesias

Schilling's Test

Strict Vegan Diet

 

 

Definition

Vitamin B12 Deficiency Anemia

Pernicious anemia

 

 

Term
Auer Rod
Definition
AML
Term
Gingical Hyperplasia
Definition
AML (M4 and M5)
Term
+TdT in Kids
Definition
ALL
Term

Dry Tap

with Ringed Siderblasts

Definition
Myelodysplastic Syndrome
Term
9/22 Translocation
Definition
CML
Term
Smudge Cells
Definition
CLL
Term

JAK2 - V617F

mutation with plethora

Definition
Polycythemia Vera
Term
Headache, Dizzines, & Pruritis after bathing
Definition
Polycythemia Vera
Term
Tear Drop RBC
Definition
Myelofibrosis
Term

Monoclonal Spike

on electrophoresis

Definition

Multiple Myeloma

(urine bence jones)

Term

Rouleaux Formation

common

Definition
Multiple Myeloma
Term
Reed Sternberg Cells
Definition
Hodgkin's Lymphoma
Term
Serum Tryptase
Definition

Ordered to Dx

Anaphylaxis

Term

Most Common Cancer in

Females

Definition
Breast Cancer
Term
Nipple Excoriation
Definition
Pagget's Disease
Term
Abnormal Chromosome 13 and 7
Definition
Autism
Term
Fragile X Chromosome
Definition
Inherited Mental Retardation
Term
C5
Definition

Deltoid

Biceps

Term
C6
Definition
Bicep & wrist extension
Term
C7
Definition
Triceps and Finger Extension
Term
C8
Definition
Finger Flexion
Term
Spurling's Sign
Definition
Pain with Rotation of Head HD
Term
Lhermitte's Sign
Definition
Pain with Hyperextension of Neck
Term

Borrelia Burgdorferi

Erytheme Migrans

Deer Tick

Definition

Lyme Disease

 

Term
P24 Antigen
Definition
Dianose Acute HIV
Term

Treponenma Pallidum

Indian Ink Prep

Painless Cancre

Definition
Syphillis
Term

Brudzinski Sign

Passive Neck or Hip-Knee Flexion

Definition
Meningitis
Term

Kernigs Sign

 

Definition
Meningitis
Term
L5
Definition
Achillies
Term
S1
Definition
Great Toe
Term

CSF:

"Hanging Drop"

Tumbling Rod

Definition
Listeria
Term

Plasmodium Parasite

Giemsa

Definition
Malaria
Term
Tinel's and Phalen's Test
Definition
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Term

Finkelstein's Test

ABduction pollicis brevis tendon

Definition
DeQuervan's Tenosynovitis
Term

Scaphoid-Luentes Ligament

Associated with Osteoarthritis

Definition
Ganglion Cyst
Term

Pain with Elbow Extension

"Tennis Elbow"

Definition

"Tennis Elbow"

Lateral Epicondylitis

Term

Pain with Flexion of Elbow

and Wrist Pronation

"Golfer's Elbow"

Definition

Medial epicondylitis

"Golfer's Elbow"

Term

4th and 5th Fingers

Fibrous Tissue at Palm

Definition
Dupuytren's Contracture
Term
Green, Yellow, RED
Definition
Zones for Asthma
Term
Mimic Asthma (2)
Definition

1) Cystic Fibrosis

2) Alpha Antitrypsin

Term

Factor 8 Deficiency

"Classic"

Definition
Hemophilia A
Term

"Walking Pneumonia"

in Young Adults

"e.g. College Student"

 

Definition
Mycoplasma
Term
Bullous Myringitis
Definition
Mycoplasma
Term
Cotton Worker
Definition
Byssinosis
Term

Firbrosis Plaques

Old Buildings

Insulation

Definition
Asbestos
Term
Metallic Iron Exposure
Definition
Siderosis
Term

Sand

Sandblasting

Silica

No Pleural Plaques

Definition
Silicosis
Term

"Tea Colored" Urine

RBC casts

Definition
Acute Glomerulonephritis
Term

Dix-Hallpike

Nylen-Barany Maneuver

Definition
Vertigo
Term
Oat Cell Cancer
Definition
Paraneoplastic Syndrome
Term

Plummer-Vinson Syndrome

Esophageal Web

Definition
Iron Deficiency Anemia
Term

Bird Beak Appearance

on Barium Swallow

Definition
Achalasia
Term
Increased Pain with Food
Definition
Gastric Ulcer
Term
Decreased Pain with Food
Definition
Duodenal Ulcer
Term
Gluten Free Diet
Definition
Celiac Disease
Term

Palpable Gallbladder

Courvier's Sign

Definition
Pancreatic Head Cancer
Term
Porcelian Gallbladder
Definition
Cancer
Term
Antibodies to HBS
Definition
Past Immunity or Vaccination
Term
Struvite Stones
Definition
UTI
Term
Goiter with Bruit
Definition
Graves Disease
Term

Check for Antibodies

Suspect Thyroid Disease

Definition
Hashimoto's
Term
Tetany with Tapping of the Cheek
Definition
Chvostek's Sign
Term
Increase in ACTH
Definition

Addison's Disease

 

Term
Carpal Spasm with BP Cuff Inflation
Definition
Triusseau's Phenomenon
Term
Red Ciliary Flush
Definition
Acute Glaucoma
Term
Steamy Cornea
Definition
Angle-Closure Glaucoma
Term
Hiccups
Definition
Common with Subphrenic Abscess
Term
Congenital Cataracts
Definition
Check Maternal Rubella Titers
Term

Butterfly Rash

Alopecia

High ANA Titers

Definition
Lupus
Term
Ranson's Criteria
Definition

Acute Pancreatitis

Age >55

WBC >16,000

BS >200

LDH >350

AST >250

Term
Mimics Appendicitis
Definition
Meckel's Diverticulum
Term
Zollinger-Ellison's
Definition
Gastrinoma
Term
Felty's Syndrome
Definition

Advanced RA

Low WBCs, Platelets, & RBCs

+ Lymph Nodes

Spleen

 

Term
+++ Fibrin Split Products
Definition
DIC
Term
Target Lesions with Central Blister
Definition

Erythema Multiforme

Steven's Johnson's Syndrome

Term
Target Lesions with Central Clearing
Definition

Erythema Migrans

Lyme Disease

Term
Fine, Pink Maculopapular Rash
Definition
Rubella "German Measles"
Term
Grey-White Tonsils with Shallow Ulcers
Definition

Hand, Foot & Mouth

Coxasackie Virus

Term
Plaques with Neurofibrilliary Tangles
Definition
Alzheimer's Disease
Term

Decreased Dopamine

Shuffling Gait

Cogwheeling

Definition
Parkinson's Disease
Term

Antibodies Against Acetylcholine Receptors

Fatigue with Chewing

Definition
Myasthenia Gravis
Term

Progressive Weakness

Upper & Lower Motor Neuron Involved

Definition
ALS
Term
Auspitz's Sign
Definition
Psoriasis
Term
Drusen Bodies
Definition
Macular Degeneration
Term
Thickening of the Skin with Telangiectasias
Definition
Scleroderma
Term
Osgood Schlatter's
Definition
Inflammation of Tibial tuberoscity
Term
Proximal Muscle Weakness
Definition
Polymyositis
Term

Pain and Stiffness without Weakness

Acute Onset

Markedly Elevated ESR

Definition
Polymyalgia Rheumatica
Term

Dry Eyes

Dry Mouth

Dysphagia with Parotid Enlargment

Definition
Sjogren's Syndrome
Term
Sudden Limp in Overweight Person
Definition
Slipped Cap. Femoral Epiphysis
Term

Granulomatosis Inflammation of Lungs

Non-Caseating Granulomas

Erythema Nodosum

"Symmetric Bilateral Hilar Adenopathy"

Definition
Sarcoidosis
Term

Morning Stiffness

Swan Neck Deformities

Boutonierr's

Pannus

Definition
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Term

Seronegative Arthritis Triad:

Urethritis

Conjunctivitis

Oligoarthritis

Definition
Reiter's Syndrome
Term
Boxer's Fracture
Definition
5th MCP
Term

Colles Fracture

"Silver Fork" Deformity

Definition
Distal Radius Fracture with Dorsal Angle
Term
Snuff Box Tenderness
Definition
Scaphoid Fracture
Term
"Bamboo Spine"
Definition
Ankylosing Spondiylitis
Term

Big Joints

Herbeden's Nodes (DIP)

Bouchards (PIP)

Definition
Osteoarthritis
Term
Entrapment of Posterior Tibial
Definition
Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome
Term

"Military March"

Burning Heel Pain

Definition
PLantar Fascitis
Term
Pink, Froathy Sputum
Definition
CHF
Term
Most Common Cause of CAP
Definition
Strep. Pneumoniae
Term

Most Common Pathogen for Pneumonia

in EtOH Abusers

Definition
Klebsiella
Term
Allen's Test
Definition
Ulnar Artery Patency
Term
Homan's Sign
Definition
DVT
Term
Nikolsky's Sign
Definition

Pushing a Blister Causes Further

Separation of the Dermis

Term
McMurray Sign
Definition
Medial Meniscus Injury
Term
Lachman Test
Definition
ACL Injury
Term
Posterior Drawer Test
Definition
PCL Injury
Term

Prehn's

Increased Pain with Elevation of the Scrotum

Definition
Testicular Torsion
Term

Osteitis Deformoens

"Soft Bones"

Definition
Paget's Disease
Term

Peyionie's

 

Definition

Fibrous Plaque

"Bowing" Penile Shaft with Erection

Term
Episodic Vertigo
Definition
Meniere's Disease
Term
Diffuse, Pink Maculopapular Rash
Definition
Neisseria Meningitis
Term
Pancoast's Tumor
Definition
Superior Sulcus Tumor
Term

Checks for Mixture of

Fetal and Maternal Blood

Definition
Kleihauer-Bethe Assay
Term

Pastia's Lines (Axilla & Groin)

Circumorial Pallor

Trunk Red Papular Rash = Pyrogenic Erythrotoxin

 

Definition
Scarlet fever
Term
Gross Hematuria
Definition
Polycystic Kidney Disease
Term

Diarrhea

Flushing

Hepatomegaly

Definition
Carcinoid Syndrome
Term

Steamy Cornea with Pain

"Halos" Non-Reactive Pupil

Definition
Acute Angle-Closure Glaucoma
Term

"Foamy" Urine

Proteinuria

Definition
Nephritic Syndrome
Term
RBC Casts
Definition
Glomerulonephritis
Term

Tram Tracks

Ring Shadows

Persistent Cough

~Hemoptysis

Definition
Bronchiectasis
Term
Transient Vision Loss
Definition
Amaurosis fugax
Term

"Flashing Lights"

Floaters

Curtain Over Vision

Definition
Retinal Detachment
Term
Pancytopenia
Definition
Aplastic Anemia
Term

Unilateral Acute Headache with

Injected Eye and Clear Nasal Discharge

Definition
Cluster Headache
Term
Koebner's Phenomenon
Definition

Minor Trauma Leads to New Lesions at Site of Trauma

"Scratching Spreads!"

Term

Edema

HTN

Proteinuria

Definition

PreEclampsia

Eclampsia - Add Seizures

Tx: Mg2+ Sulfate

Term
ST Elevation II, III, & AVF
Definition

Acute MI

Inferior Wall MI

Term

"Spaghetti & Meatballs"

Malassezia furur

Hypo and Hyper-Pigmented Macules

Definition
Pityriasis (Tinea) Versicolor
Term

Hemorrhage in Anterior Chamber

of Eye

Definition
Hyphema
Term
WBC Casts in Urine
Definition
Pyelonephritis
Term
Muddy Casts
Definition

Renal tubular Necrosis

Acute Tubular Necrosis

Term

Short PR

Delta Waves with SVT

Definition
Wolff-Parkinson White
Term

"Holiday Heart"

EtOH Induced

Definition

Transient A. Fib

 

Term

Foul, Greasy Stool

Infected Water

No Obvious Blood

 

Definition
Giardia Lamblia
Term
Mid-Systolic Click
Definition
Mitral Valve Prolapse (MVP)
Term

Hurts More When Patient

Leans Forward

Definition
Pericarditis
Term

Occlusive Polyartheritis with Preference

for Aortic Arch

Definition
Takayasu's Arteritis
Term

Smoking

Black Finger Tips

Definition
Thromboagintis Obliterans
Term

Herald Patch

"Christmas Tree Pattern"

Oval “Salmon Colored” Lesions

Definition
Pityriasis Rosea
Term
Factor 9 deficiency
Definition
Hemophilia B
Term
Extrinsic Pathway 2, 5, 7, 10
Definition
PT
Term

Intrinsic Pathway

2, 5, 8, 9, 10, 11, & 13

Definition
aPTT
Term
Queen Victoria
Definition
Carrier Of Hemophilia A
Term

Factor 8 Deficiency

Mediates Platelet Adhesion

Definition

von Willebrand

 

Term
Locked in Syndrome
Definition
Brainstem CVA
Term
Meaning: Turned Out
Definition
Varus
Term
Meaning: Turned In
Definition
Valgus
Term
Greenstick
Definition
Spiral Fracture in Children
Term
Legg-Clave Pethes
Definition
Avascular Necrosis of Femoral Head
Term
Continuous Colonic Bleeding Ulcers
Definition
Ulcerative Colitis
Term

Skips Areas

Fistulas

Apthoid Ulcers

"Cobblestoning"

String Sign

Definition
Crohn's
Term
Whooping Cough
Definition
Pertussis
Term

Chocolate Agar

 

Definition
N. gonorrheoaea
Term
Gray Membrane Throat
Definition
Diphtheria
Term
Strawberry Tongue
Definition
Strep
Term

H. Infulenza Common

Thumb Sign on Lateral Xray

Drooling

Tripod Position

Definition
Epiglottis
Term

Trismus

Submental Tenderness

Definition
Ludwig's Angina
Term

Vicent's Angina

"Trench Mouth"

Fusobacterium/Treponema

Definition
Acute Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingitivitis
Term

"Hot Potatoe"

Pain Referred to Posterior Neck

Definition
Retropharyngeal Abscess
Term

Steeple Sign:

Narrowing of Subglottic Airway

Definition
Croup
Term

Central Obesity

HTN

DM II

Low HDL

Definition
Metabolic Syndrome
Term

Group A Strep

Painful, Well Demarcated "Fiery Red Face"

Abrupt Onset

Rapid Progression

Definition
Erysipelas
Term
High IgE with Recurrent Staph Furunculosis
Definition
Jobs Syndrome
Term
Thick, "Honey-Colored" Crusts
Definition
Impetigo
Term

"Slapped Cheeks"

Red Rash

Erythema Infectiosum

Definition
Fifth's Disease (parvo B19 virus)
Term

High Uric Acid

Great Toe

Definition
Gout
Term
Elevated Calcium Pyrophosphate
Definition
Pseudogout
Term

Rubor (Color)

Swelling

Pain

Definition
Triad of Cellulitis
Term
Palpation of Crepitus
Definition
Gas
Term
Foot Puncture
Definition
Abx Should Cover for Pseudomonas
Term
Cat Bite
Definition
Pasteuella Multiocide
Term

Painless

Pruritic

Papules

Definition

Antrax

Bacililus anthracies

Term
Touch Perceived as Pain
Definition
Allodynia
Term
Blue Sclera
Definition
Osteogenesis Imperfecta
Term
Looser's Lines
Definition

Radiolucent Bands in the Cortex of Bone

Osteomalacia

Term
Pericardial Friction Rub
Definition
Pericarditis
Term

Roth Spots

Janeway Lesions

Osler's Nodes

Splinter Hemorrage

Conjunctival, Palatal, Subungal Petechiae

Definition
Infectious Endocarditis
Term

Cherry Red Spot

Box-Carring

Definition
Central Retinal Artery Occlusion
Term
Levine's Sign
Definition

Clenched Fist Over Sternum

Clenched Teeth When Describing CP

Term

Cyanotic Congenital Heart Defect:

Subaortic Septal Defect

RV Outflow Obstruction

Overriding Aorta

& RVH

Definition
Tetralolgy of Fallot
Term

Most Common Pathogen for

Native Valve Infectious Endocarditis

Definition
Strep viridans
Term
Roth Spots
Definition

Exudative Lesions in the Retina

(Endocarditis)

Term
Janeway Lesions
Definition

Painless Red Lesions on the Palms and Soles

(Endocarditis)

Term
Osler Nodes
Definition

Painful, Violaceous, Raised Lesions of the

Fingers, Toes, or Feet

(Endocarditis)

Term

Coninuous "Machinery" Murmur at S2

2nd LICS

Definition
Patent Ductus Arteriosus
Term
Holosystolic Murmur
Definition

Tricuspid Regurg.

& VSD

Term

Harsh, Mid-Systolic Ejection Murmur

Radiates to Neck

2nd RICS, best w/pt leaning foward

Definition
Aortic Stenosis
Term

Fishy Odor

Whiff Test +

Clue Cells

Definition
Bacterial Vaginosis (BV)
Term
Budding Hyphae
Definition
Yeast
Term

Blood & Thunder Retina

Sudden, Unilateral Blurred or Loss of Vision

Definition
Central Retinal Vein Occlusion
Term
Opacity of the Lens
Definition
Cataract
Term

Defect of Peripheral Vision

Increased cup-to-disc ratio

Definition
Open-Angle Glaucoma
Term

Sluggish Pupillary Response

decreased EOM

Definition
Orbital Cellulitis
Term

Obstruction, Pain, Swelling

Tenderness & Purulent Discharge

of the Eye

Definition
Dacryocystitis
Term

"Red-Rimmed"

Scruf and Fibrous Scales (Collarettes)

Definition
Blepharitis
Term

Copious Watery Discharge

Adenovirus 3,8, or 19 common

Definition
Viral Conjunctivitis
Term

Copious, Purulent Discharge

Eyes "Glued Shut"

Definition
Bacterial Conjuctivitis
Term

Elevated, yellowish, Conjunctival Mass

on Sclera Adjacent to Cornea

Definition
Pinguecula
Term

Fleshy, Triangular Mass

Grows from Nasal Side Toward Cornea

Definition
Pterygium
Term

Temporal Tenderness

Highly Elevated ESR

Permanent Blindness if Untreated

Definition
Temporal Arteritis
Term

Misalignment of Corneal Light Reflex

No binocular fixation

Definition
Strabismus
Term

Night Blindness

Xerosis

Bitot's Spots (White Patches on Conjunctivae)

Definition
Vitamin A Deficiency
Term

White Cast to Retinal Venous Bed

High Triglycerides

Definition
Lipemia Retinalis
Term

Painless, Homogenous, Sharply Demarcated

Red Area Lateral to Iris

Definition
Subconjunctival Hemorrhage
Term

Unilateral Facial Anhidrosis

Ptosis

Miosis

Definition
Horner's Syndrome
Term
Weber Test
Definition

Conductive Hearing Loss

Lateralizes to Affected Ear

Term
Rinne Test
Definition

Conductive Hearing Loss

Bone Conduction > Air Conduction

Term

Tinnitus

Vertigo/Dizziness

Nausea/Vomiting

Definition
Meniere's Disease
Term
Immobile, Erythematous, Bulging TM
Definition
Otitis Media
Term

Pathogen Most Common:

Chronic Otitis Media

Definition
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Term

"Swimmer's Ear"

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Definition
Otitis Externa
Term

Horizontal Nystagmus

Fast-Paced Beats

Away from Defect

Definition
Peripheral Vertigo
Term
Nonfatigable Vertical Nystagmus
Definition
Central Vertigo
Term

Vertigo

Hearing Loss

Tinnitus

Definition
Labyrinthitis
Term

Pale, Boggy, Bluish Mucosa

Allergic Shiners

Allergic Salute

Definition
Allergic Rhinitis
Term
Center Criteria: GABHS
Definition

Fever

Tender Anterior Cervical LN

Pharyngeaotonsillar Exudate

NO cough

 

Term

Unilateral Hearing Loss

Tinnitus

Vertigo

Ataxia

Brain Stem Dysfunction

Definition
Acoustic Neuroma
Term

Insidious Onset

Low-Grade Fever

No Exudate

Definition
Viral Pharyngitis
Term

Contralateral Uvula and Soft Palate Deviation

Muffled Voice

Definition

Peritonsillar Abscess

(Quincy)

Term

Round, Painful Ulcers with

Red Halos on Buccal Mucosa

Definition
Aphthous Ulcers
Term

Thick, White Plaques

Burning Pain

Can Be Scraped Off

Definition
Candidiasis
Term

Painless, White Areas

Tobacco, Smokers, AIDs, EtOH

Cannot Be Scraped Off

Definition

Leukoplakia

Bx r/o cancer

Term
Samter's Triad
Definition

Asthma

Nasal Polyps

ASA Hypersensitivity

Term

Most Common Pathogen Of CAP

in COPD

Definition
Haemophilus pneumoniae
Term

Most Common Pathogen for CAP

in Cystic Fibrosis

Definition
Pseudomonas sp.
Term

Most Common Pathogen for

Atypical Pneumonia

Definition
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Term
Hospital Acquired Pneumonia
Definition

Staph aureus and Gram-Neg bacilli

Pseudomonas aeruginosa in ICU pts

Term
HIV Related Pneumonia
Definition

Pneumocystits jiroveci (carnii)

TMP/SMX prophylaxis w/ CD4<200

Term

Post-Tussive Rales

Drenching Night Sweats

Ghon Complex

Ranke COmplex

Caseating Granulomas

Definition
TB
Term

Nasal Flaring

Tachypnea

Retractions

RSV most common pathogen

Definition
Acute Bronchiolitis
Term

Harsh, Barking Seal-Like Cough

Steeple Sign

Parainfluenza virus 1 & 2

Definition
Croup
Term
Oat Cell
Definition
Small Cell Lung Cancer
Term
Most Common Type of Lung Cancer
Definition
NSCLC: Andeoncarcinoma
Term
Tumor at Lung Apex
Definition
Pancoast's Tumor
Term

Headache

Plethora

Mental Status Changes

Definition
Superior Vena Cava Syndrome
Term

Flushing

Diarrhea

Telangiectasias

Definition
Carcinoid Syndrome
Term

Coin Lesions

Infectious Granulomas

Definition
Solitary Pulmonary Nodule
Term

Well Differntiated Neuroendocrine Tumor

Pink or Purple Well Vascularized Central lesions

Pedunculated or Sessile

Definition
Carcinoid Lung Tumors
Term
Atrophic Triad
Definition

Wheeze

Eczema

Seasonal Rhinitis

Term

Decreased Ratio FEV1/FVC <75%

>10% Increase in FEV1 after bronchodilator therapy

 

Definition
Asthma
Term

Chronic Purulent Sputum (often foul smelling)

Dilated Tortuous Airways

Tram Track

Ring-Like Markings

Honeycombing

50% caused by CF

Definition
Bronchiectasis
Term

Pink Puffers

Barrel Chested

Weight Loss

Parenchymal Bullae and Blebs

Definition
Emphysema-COPD
Term

Blue Bloaters

Pursed-Lip Breathing

Overweight and Cyanotic

Peribronchial and Perivascular Markings

Definition
Bronchitis-COPD
Term

Decreased FEV1/FVC ratio <70%

FEV1 Decreases with severity

Definition
COPD
Term

Young Person with Hx:

Chronic Lung Dz

Pancreatitis

Infertility

Definition
Cystic Fibrosis
Term
Repeat Sweat Chloride Test >60mEq/L
Definition
Cystic Fibrosis
Term

Blunting of Costophrenic Angles

Loss of Sharp Demarcation of the Diaphragm and Heart

Mediastinal Shift Away

Light's criteria

Definition

Pleural Effusion

Thoracentesis is Gold Standard

Term
Sucking Chest Wound
Definition
Tension Pneumothorax
Term
Virchow's Triad
Definition

Hypercoagulability

Venous Stasis

Vascular Inflammation or Injury

 

for PE

Term

Pleuritic CP

Apprehension

Cough

Dyspnea

Definition
PE
Term
S1Q3T3
Definition

Cor Pulmonale

PE

Term

Right Ventricular Hypertrophy

Atrial Hypertrophy

Right Ventricular Strain

Definition

Right-Sided HF

Cor Pulmonale

Term

Narrow Splitting and Accentuation of 2nd Heart Sound

Systolic Ejection Click

Dyspnea

Definition
Pulomary HTN
Term

Coal Dust

Inert Inorganics

Silicate Dust

Ceramics, High Tech Fields, Aerospace

Tool and Die Manufacture

Definition

Pneumoconioses:

Coal Worker's

Asbestosis

Silicosis

Berryliosis

Term
Inhalation of Coal Dust
Definition
Coal Worker's Pneumoconioses
Term
Smoking & Asbestosis
Definition
Mesothelioma
Term

Inhalation of Silicates

Sand

Quarry

Stone

Definition
Silicosis
Term

High Tech Fields

Aerospace

Nuclear Power

Ceramics

Tool & Die Manufacture

Definition
Berryliosis
Term

Non-Caseating Granulomas

Bilateral Hilar Adenopathy

Definition
Sarcoidosis
Term

Protein Rich Pulmonary Edema

Frothy Pink or Red Sputum

Hx of : Sepsis, Multiple Trauma, or Aspiration of gastric contents

Definition
ARDS
Term

Paroxysmal Cough

Wheezing

Diminished Breath Sounds

Hx: Choking or Gaging

Definition
Foreign Body Aspiration
Term

Deficiency of Surfactant

"Ground Glass"

doming of the diaphragm

Definition
Hyaline Membrane Disease
Term

Coryza

Lacrimation

Low-Grade fever

Mild Dry Cough

Definition
Pertussis
Term
Mad Criteria
Definition

Morphology

Arrangment

Distribution

Term
Darier's Sign
Definition
Rubbing Lesion Causes Urticarial Flare
Term
Auspitz's Sign
Definition
Pinpoint Bleeding after Scale is Removed
Term
Patch Test
Definition
Demonstrates Hypersensitivity Reaction
Term
Shagreen Skin
Definition

Tuberous Sclerosis

Oval-Shaped Nevoid Plaque

Skin is colored or pigmented on trunk or back

Term
Blanching
Definition
Intact Capillaries
Term
Does Not Blanch
Definition

Extravasted Blood

i.e. purpura

Term
KOH Prep
Definition

Dissolves Keratin and Cellular Material

Identifies Dermatophytes

Term
Lichenification
Definition
Thickened Skin with Distinct Borders
Term

Type I IgE Mediated Reaction

Flexor Surfaces

Dorsum of Hands and Feet

Dermatographism

Definition
Atopic Dermatitis (Eczema)
Term

Coin-Shaped Plaques

Erythematous Base

Clearly Demarcated Borders

Definition
Nummular Dermatitis
Term

Yellowish or Gray, Scaly

Greasy Looking Papules

Definition
Seborrheic Dermatitis
Term

Cradle Cap

Dandruff

Blepharitis

Definition
Seborrheic Dermatitis
Term

Papulopustules on Erythematous Bases

Vermillion Borders is Spared

Steroid Will Make It Worse

Definition
Perioral Dermatitis
Term

Stippled Pigmentation

Heaviness or Aching Legs

Aggravated By Standing

Releived with walking

 

 

Definition
Stasis Dermatitis
Term

Well-Circumscribed

Highly Pruritic Plaques

Caused by repeated scratching and rubbing of atopic dermatitis

Definition
Lichen Simplex Chronicus
Term

Poxvirus

Discrete, Fleshcolored, Waxy

Dome-Shaped

Umbilcated Papules

Definition
Molluscum Contagiosum
Term

Purple, Polygonal, Pruritic, Papule

Flat topped, Shiny, Violaceous Papules

with Fine White Lines

"Wickham's Striae"

Definition
Lichen Planus
Term

Tapioca Appearacne

Painful Fissures

Burrow's Solution

Definition
Dyshidrosis
Term

Loosely Adherent, Silvery Scales

Scalp & Extensor Surfaces knees/elbows

Auspitz Sign

Koebner's Phenomena

Pitting and Ridges in Nails

Definition
Psoriasis
Term

Involves Distal Joints of Hands and Feet

Symmetric

Definition
Psoriatic Arthritis
Term

Post Strep Paryngitis

Inflammatory Skin eruptions ina disseminated pattern

Spares Palms and Soles

Tear Shaped Lesions

Definition
Guttate Psoriasis
Term

Lakes of Pus

Life Threatening Condition

Widespreas Pustules

von Zumbush's Syndrome

Definition
Pustular Psoriasis ( von Zumbush's Syndrome)
Term

Fragile Vesicles or Bullae

Easily Rupture

Nikolsky's Sign

NO Pruritis

Definition
Pemphigus Vulgaris
Term

Large, Tense, Bullae

Serous or Hemorrhagic Fluid

Definition
Bullous Pemphigoid
Term

Plugged Follicles

Retained Sebum

Bacterial Overgrowth

Release of Fatty Acids

Definition
Acne Vulgaris
Term

Pilosebaceous Unit

Increased Capillary Activity

No comedones

"Flushing Red"

Rhinophyma, Blepharophyma, Metophyma, Otophyma, Gnathophyma

Definition
Rosacea
Term

Severe, deep-seated, recalcitrant folliculitis

with surrounding eczema

and crusting

Definition
Sycosis
Term

Severe form of EM

Mucocutaneous blistering rxn

commonly caused by drug rxn

Sheet-like loss of epidermis

Raised, Flaccid Blisters

Necrotic epidermis

Definition
SJS
Term

Life-Threatening

Severe form of SJS

Mucocutaneous blistering rxn

commonly caused by drug rxn

Sheet-like loss of epidermis

Raised, Flaccid Blisters

Necrotic epidermis

Definition
TEN
Term

Apocrine Gland Disease

Tender Inflammatory Nodules or Abscess Form

Lesions NOT related to hair follicles

Definition
Hidradenitis Suppurative
Term

Inflammatory Hot Lesion with Diffuse Erythema

Swollen, Red, Hot, Tender

Definition
Cellulitis
Term

Tender, Erythematous, Fluctuant Area

of Pus Formation

Definition
Abscess
Term

Malassezia

Hypo and Hyperpigmented Macules

"Spaghetti and Meatballs"

Definition
Tinea Versicolor
Term

Indurated, Boggy, Inflammatory Plaque

Studded with Pustules

Definition
Kerion
Term

Superficial Fungal Infection

Annular patch with distinct borders and central clearing

Fine scale covers patch

Definition
Tinea
Term

Pruritic Burrows, Vesicles, Or nodules

with excoriations and crusting

Web spaces

Definition
Scabies
Term

"Sinking Macule"

Pale gray, slightly eroded in the center

Halo of very tender inflammation and Hemorrhage

Definition
Spider Bite
Term

Koilocytotic Squamous Cells

Cauliflower Appearance

Definition
Verrucae (warts)
Term

beign plaque, beige to brown-black, velvety,

warty surface that appears

"Stuck On"

Definition
Seborrheic Keratosis
Term

Black or Dark Brown

Can be flesh colored

Irregular borders with outward spreading pigment

Complete excision

Definition
Melanoma
Term

Nonhealing, Translucent or Pearly Papule

Surface telangietasias

Central Erosion

Definition
Basal Cell Carinoma
Term

Skin Darkens, Appears Dirty,

Thickens, & Velvety

Obesity and Insulin Resistance Common

Definition
Acanthosis Nigricans
Term

Hyperpigmentation Associated with

Pregnancy, OCPs, and Estrogen

Uniform Color

Definition
Melasma (aka Chloasma)
Term
Destruction of Melanocytes
Definition
Vitiligo
Term

Tumor caused by HHV8

aka KSHV

erythematous to violaceous cutaneous lesion

Can be AIDS-related

 

Definition
Kaposi Sarcoma
Term

Painful, Edematous, Very Red, Indurated, Spreading Lesions with a Raised Border

Group A Strep

Definition
Erysipelas
Term

Vesiculopustular Lesions

Follow Dermatome

PCR of skin Scraping

Definition
Herpes Zoster
Term

Clustered Painful Vesicles

with Erythematous Base

 

Multinucleated Giant Cells

Definition
Herpes Simplex
Term

Fiery Red Rash on Both Cheeks

Rash spreads distally and includes central clearing

that is Reticulated or Lacy

Definition
Erythema Infectiosum
Term

Nonpainful, Numerous, Pale Pink, Discrete Lesions

with projections on a broad base

Smooth or velvety, moist surface

Definition
Condyloma Acuminata
Term

Sandpaper Rash

Sunburn with Goosebumps

Circumoral Pallor

Strawberry Tongue

Definition
Scarlet Fever
Term

Violaceous or Blue

Vesicular or Bullous Rash

Viral-Like Prodrome

Abrupt onset severe pain mimic peritonitis

Definition
TSS
Term

In Esophagous:

Replacement of normal squamous epithelium with metaplastic columnar epithelium

can predispose to malignancy

Definition
Barrett's Esophagitis
Term

Chest Pain

Worse after meals and when lying down

Often relieved by antacids

Definition
GERD
Term

1st line treatment for:

1)Mild GERD

2) Moderate-Severe GERD

Definition

1) Histamine (H2) Blocker (Lower dose than PUD)

2) PPI (or in ots unresponsive to H2 with mild dz)

Term

Odynophagia

Dysphagia

Immunocompromised Patient

Definition

Infectious Esophagitis

(Candidia, CMV, HSV common)

Term

Esophageal endoscopy reveals

large, deep ulcers

Definition
Infectious Esophagitis: CMV or HIV
Term

Esophageal endoscopy reveals

multiple shallow ulcers

Definition
Infectious esophagitis: HSV
Term

Difficulty swallowing both Solids and Liquids

Disease/Damage to brain stem or specific cranial nerves

Definition
Neurologic Dysphagia
Term

Outpouching of posterior hypopharynx

regurgitation of gastric contents

into pharynx several hours

after eating

Definition
Zenker's Diverticulum
Term

Decreased esophageal peristalsis

Increased lower esophageal sphincter tone

slowly progressive dysphagia

Episodic regurgitation

CP

Definition
Achalasia
Term

"Bird-Beak" appearance

Barrium Swallow

Definition
Achalasia
Term

Associated with adenocarcinomas

Distal 1/3 of the esophagus

Definition
Barrett's Esophagitis
Term

Neoplastic

Type of lesion occuring inthe

proximal 2/3 of the esophagus

Definition
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Term

Progressive dysphagia for solid foods

Marked weight loss

Definition
Esophageal Cancer
Term

Occurs after forceful vomiting or retching

Associated with EtOH

Hematemesis

Definition
Mallory-Weiss Tear
Term

Portal HTN

Cirrhosis

Budd-Chiari Syndrome

hematemesis

Definition
Esophageal Varices
Term

Gram- Spiral-Shaped Bacillus

Type B gastritis

Involves antrum and body of stomch

PUD, Gastric adenocarcinoma & G. lymphoma

Urea breath test

Definition
Helicobacter Pylori
Term

Nausea

Feeling of Excessive Fullness after meals

Cisapride or Metoclopramide May help

Definition
Delayed Gastric Emptying
Term

Dyspepsia

Abdominal Pain, burning, gnawing

Nausea

H. Pylori

Definition
PUD
Term
_____ ulcer pain usually improves with food, Whereas _____ ulcer pain typically worsens, which can lead to anorexia and associated weight loss
Definition

Duodenal

Gastric

Term

Most common cause of

nonhemorrhagic GI bleeds

Definition
PUD
Term

Gastrin-Secreting tumor

caused by hypergastrinemia

Results in refractory PUD

Abdominal Pain and Secretory Diarrhea

Definition
Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome
Term
Virchow's Node
Definition
Left Supraclavicular LN
Term
Sister Mary Joseph Nodule
Definition
Umbilical Node
Term

Dyspepsia

weight loss w/ anemia

Occult GI Bleeding

>40 years old

H. Pylori

Definition
Gastric Adenocarcinoma
Term

Common extranodal site for

Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma

Definition

Stomach

Gastric Lymphoma

Term

Main cause of

Antibiotic Associated Diarrhea

Definition
Clostridium difficile
Term

Constipation in pts >50

New Onset

Definition
Colon Cancer
Term
Most common cause of SBO
Definition

Adhesions

Hernias

 

Term
Most common cause of LBO
Definition
Colon Cancer
Term

Twisting of Bowel

Simoid and Cecal Area Common

Cramping Abd Pain and Distention

N/V and Obstipation

Definition
Volvulus
Term

Diarrhea, Steatorrhea, Flatulence

Weight Loss, Weakness, and Abdominal Distention

 

IgA antiendomysial &

Antitissue Transglutaminase Antibodies

 

Gluten-Free Diet

Definition
Celiac Disease
Term

Abdominal Cramping and Diarrhea <40 years old

"Skip Areas", Transmural

Fistulas Common

Spares Rectum

Definition
Crohn's
Term

Progression is Distal to Proximal

Continuous, Mucosal Surface

Tenesmus and Bloody, Pus-Filled Diarrhea

Smoking May Suppress Frequency of Episodes

 

Definition
Ulcerative Colitis
Term

Most common cause of chronic or reccurent abdominal pain in the US

Pain worse with food and typically relieved by defecation

Postprandial Urgency

 

Constripation, Diarrhea, or Alternating Pattern

 

Dx of exculsion

Definition
IBS
Term

Colicky Pain

Currant Jelly Stools

"Sausage-Like" Mass on Palpation

Definition
Intussesception
Term

Most common cause of Intussesception

1) Children

2) Adults

Definition

1) Post Viral Infection

2) Neoplasm (therefore barium enema should not be used, CT is best)

Term

Systemic Immune Response 15-20 days

after exposure to Strep Pharyngitis

Peak age 5-15

Jones' Criteria

Definition
Acute Rheumatic Fever
Term

Inhibits Pre-synaptic release of Acetylcholine at NMJ

 

Infants should not be fed honey for risk of infection

 

Visual changes

Fixed Dilated Pupils

Respiratory Paralysis

Definition
Botulism
Term

Vesicular Lesions with Blue-Black Centers,

that ulcerate and necrose

 

Fulminating Pneumonia or Mediastinitis

 

Spore-forming Gram+, Encapsulated

Box-shaped Rods in Chains

Definition
Anthrax (Bacillus anthracis)
Term

Massive Diarrhea

Death From Hypovolemia

 

Rice Water Stools

Definition
Cholera
Term

Interferes with neurotransmitission at spinal synapses

of inhibitory neurons

 

Uncontrolled spasm and exaggerated reflexes

 

Puncture Wounds

Definition

Tetanus

(Clostridium tetani)

Term

Peyer's Patches

Bacteremia

 

Pea Soup Diarrhea

 

Pink papules on trunk that fade with pressure

Definition

Enteric (Typhoid) Fever

caused by Salamonella

Term

Abrupt diarrhea, Tenesmus

 

Loose Stools with Blood and Mucus

 

Scope shows inflamed, engorged mucosa,

Punctate Lesions, or Ulcers

Definition
Shigellosis (Dysentery)
Term

Exotoxin causes myocarditis and neuropathy

 

Tenacious Gray Membrane

covers tonsils

 

requires Horse Serum Antitoxin

Definition
Diphtheria
Term

Human Herpes Virus 4

 

Kissing Disease

 

Exudative pharyngitis, soft palate petechiae, splenomegaly, maculopapular petechial rsh (exaccerbated by Amoxicillin)

 

Atypical Lymphocytes

Definition
EBV
Term

Non-Enveloped Icosahedral Virions

 Koilocytotic or Vaculated

Hyperplastic Prickle Cells

Definition
HPV
Term

HPV 1 & 4

HPV 6 & 11

HPV 16 & 18

Definition

Skin Warts

Anogenital Warts

Cervical Warts

Term

Remains latent in dorsal root ganglia

 

Tiny, thin-walled, grouped vesicles,

Erupt continuously over 1-2 weeks

 

Definition
HSV
Term
Dentritic Corneal Ulcer
Definition
HSV
Term
Multinucleated Giant Cells
Definition
HSV
Term

Fatty Liver w/ Encephalopathy

Highly Fatal

Influenza A or Varicella

ASA

 

Vomiting, lethargy, seizures, hypoglycemia, elevated LFTs, ammonia, and PT

 

Mental Status Changes

Definition
Reye's Syndrome
Term

Fever, chills, muscle aches,

non productive cough

Children often get diarrhea

incubation 18-72h

Definition
Influenza
Term

Highly Contagious

 

Generalized vesicular eruption following a centripetal pattern

 

Lesions appear in Crops

Definition
Varicella
Term
Hutchinson's Sign
Definition
Zoster
Term

Painful eruptions

follows dermatomal pattern

 

lumbar and thoracic most common

 

Trigeminal eruptions risk corneal involvement

Definition
Zoster
Term

Dog, Bat, Fox, Raccoon, Coyote Bite

 

Skin sensitive to temperature changes and wind

 

Thick, Tenacious Saliva

 

Hydrophobia

Definition
Rabies
Term

Illness occurs in immunocompromised or

posttransplant patients

 

Symptoms similar to EBV w/out pharyngitis or

respiratory symptoms

 

"Pizza Pie" Retinitis

 

Intracytoplasmic Inclusions "Owls' Eyes"

Definition
CMV
Term

Pizza Pie Retina

Owls' Eyes

HIV or Post Transplant

Definition
CMV
Term

White, Cottage Cheese or Curd-Like 

vaginal Discharge

Definition
Vulvovaginal Candida
Term

Dimorphic Fungus

Soil with Bird or Bat Droppings

"Miliary Infiltrates"

 

urine antigen assay

 

Definition
Histoplasmosis
Term

Illness in Immunodeficient Patients

 

Encapsulated, Budding Yeast

 

Soil contaminated by Pigeon Fecies

 

Variable Pleocytosis on CSF

Definition
Cryptococcus
Term

Most common opportunistic infection

in HIV disease

Definition

Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia

(formally P. carnii PCP)

Term

Fever, SOB, non productive cough

 

Diffuse interstitial infiltrates that are heterogenous, miliary, or patchy

Definition
PCJ (formerly PCP)
Term

Flask-Shaped Ulcer

Large Bowel or Terminal Ileum

 

Transmission by fecally contaminated food or water, fly droppings, or human contact

 

Mild-moderate, few semiformed stools without blood

Cramps, Fatigue, wt loss, and increased flatulence

Stool: "Cysts or Trophozoites"

Definition
Amebiasis
Term

Moist tropics and subtropics, sporadic in US

 

Penetrate the skin from soil and migrate in bloodstream

attach to small bowel and suck blood

 

Blood-tinged sputum

 

anorexia, diarrhea, vague pain, and ulcer-like epigastric symptoms

Definition
Hookworms
Term

Loosely attached to mucosa, primarily cecum

 

Lay eggs on perianal skin

 

Perianal Pruritis, crawling sensation worse at night

 

Secondary excoriations and impetigo

Definition
Pinworms (enterobiasis)
Term

Mosquitos

 

Shaking chills, then Fever, then Diaphoresis

 

Dry Cough

 

Giemsa or Wright Stain

Definition
Term
Painless Chancre
Definition
Primary Syphilis
Term

Gummatous Lesions

 

Chronic meningitis

 

Tabes Dorsalis

 

Argyll Robertson Pupil

Definition
Tertiary Syphilis
Term

Abnormal Skin of Mucous Membranes

Nasal Discharge (Snuffles)

hepatosplenomegaly

Anemia

Osteochondritis

 

If untreated: interstitial keratitis, Hutchinson's Teeth, Saddle Nose, Deafness, and CNS abnormalities

Definition
Congenital Syphilis
Term
Jarisch-Herxheimer Reaction
Definition

fever, toxic state, occurs with sudden massive destruction of spirochetes (syphilis).

To prevent: Give pyretics during first 24h of treatment

Term

Burning on urination

Penile Serous or Milky Dishcarge

 

1-3 Later: Yellow-Creamy, Profuse, Pus-Like Discharge sometimes blood tinged

Definition
Gonorrhea
Term

Copius Purulent Eye Discharge

 

Usually unilateral

 

Risk of Globe Rupture

Definition
Gonorrheal Conjunctivitis
Term
Gram- Intracellular Diplococci
Definition
Gonorrhea
Term

Most common cause of non-gonococcal urethritis

 

Discharge is usually watery

 

Leading cause of infertility in women

Definition
Chlamydia
Term

Pruritis and Malodorous, Fishy-Smelling

Frothy, yellow-Green Discharge

 

flagellated protozoa

Definition
Trichomonas
Term

"Bulls Eye" or "Target Lesions"

 

Lesions expand over several days, typically with central clearing

 

Flu-Like Illness

 

Tick Bite

Definition
Lyme Disease
Term

Wood Tick

 

Facial Flushing and Conjunctival Injection

Faint Macules, maculopapules, petechiae develop

Wirst and ankles first

then spread to extremeties and trunk

 

CSF: Pleocytosis and Hypoclycorrhachia

Definition
Rocky Mountain Spotted fever
Term

This type of heart disease is classified by

Only slight limitation of physical activity

Definition
II
Term

This type of heart disease is classified by

No limitation to physical activity

Definition
I
Term
This type of heart disease is classified by marked limitation; comfortable at rest, but less than ordinary activity causes symptoms
Definition
III
Term

This type of heart disease is classified by

inability to engage in any physical activity without discomfort; symptoms may be present at rest

Definition
IV
Term

> 20 mmHg drop in systolic BP

from supine to sitting and/or standing

 

Rise in Pulse >15 bpm

Definition
Orthostatic/Postural Hypotension
Term
Define Hypertensive Urgency
Definition

Systolic BP >220

or

Diastolic BP >125

 

BP must be reduced within hours

Term
Define Hypertensive Emergency
Definition

Diastolic BP >130

BP must be reduced within 1 hour to prevent end-organ damage and death

 

Optic disc edema indicates presence of end-organ damage

Term
Optic Disc Edema
Definition
End organ damage
Term

Elevated BP associated with papilledema

and other encephalopathy or neuropathy

May progress to Renal Failure

Definition
Malignant Hypertension
Term

Common BP medication

must be avoided in bilateral renal artery stenosis

Definition
ACE-I
Term

Parasternal Lift

Enlarged Apical Impulse

Diminished 1st Heart Sound

S3 Gallop

Definition
CHF
Term

Extertional Dyspnea

Nonproductive cough

Fatigue

Exercise Intolerance

Paoxysmal Nocturnal Dyspnea

S3 Gallop

Kerley B Lines & Cardiomegaly

Definition
CHF
Term

Dependent Pitting Edema

Often caused by Left-Sided Heart Failure

JVD

Definition
Right-Sided Heart Failure
Term
S4 Gallop
Definition
Diastolic Dysfuction
Term

Recreational Drug

Important cause of myocardial ischemia and infarction

 

 

Definition
Cocaine
Term

Midsternal CP, may radiate to the jaw, shoulder, arms, wrist or back of the neck

Usually to the left

Lasting typically <3minutes

 

"Squeezing" "Pressure" accompanied by sensation of smothering and fear

Definition
Angina Pectoris
Term

Angina exacerbated by physical activity,

relieved by rest

Definition
Stable Angina
Term

Vasospasmic CP at rest

Preservation of exercise capacity

Definition
Printzmetal's or Variant Angina
Term

CP with an increasing pattern of pain in previously stable patients

Less responsive to medication

Last longer

Occurs at rest or with little exertion

Definition
Unstable Angina
Term

Patients more likely to present

atypically in event of MI

Definition

Elderly

Women

Diabetics

Term
ECG Changes: II, III, aVF
Definition
Inferior Wall MI
Term
EKG Changes: V1 & V2
Definition

Posterior Wall MI

or

Anteroseptal MI

Term
EKG Changes: V1, V2, V3
Definition
Anterior Wall MI
Term
EKG Changes: V4, V5, V6
Definition
Anterolateral Wall MI
Term
Artery Involved in Anteroseptal, Anterior, and Anterolateral wall MI
Definition
LAD
Term
Artery involved in posterior wall MI
Definition
Left Circumflex
Term
Artery involved in inferior wall MI
Definition
Posterior Descending
Term
Dressler's Syndrome
Definition

(Post-MI Syndrome)

Pericarditis

Fever

Leukocytosis

Pericardial or Pleural effusion

Usually 1-2 weeks post-MI

Term

Sudden onset abdominal pain

usually LLQ or suprapubic

with or without fever

Altered bowel movement

N/V

 

If bleeding: sunnden, large-volume hematochezia - resolves spontaneously

Definition
Diverticulitis
Term

Caused by arterial embolus orarterial or venous thrombosis

 

High Mortality, Common >50 yo

 

Sudden onset, severe abdominal pain out of proportion to PE.

Develops into involuntary guarding, rebound, and heme-positive stools

Definition
Acute Ischemic Bowel
Term

Abdominal angina, with pain

10-30 minutes after eating

 

Relieved somewhat by squatting or lying down

Definition
Chronic Ischemic Bowel
Term
Hirschsprung's Disease
Definition

Congenital Aganglionosis of the Colon

Leading to function obstruction in

Newborn

Term

Extreme dilation and immobility of the colon

Emergency

Hirschsprung's Disease in newborns

Complication of Colitis and infection in Adults

 

Severe cramps and abdominal distention

Rigid abdomen

 

Definition
Toxic Megacolon
Term

Genetic predisposition to multiple colonic polyps

near 100% risk of developing colon cancer

 

Definition
Familial Polyposis
Term

3rd leading cause of cancer death in the US

 

90% of cases are pts >50 years old

 

Slow Growing, but symptoms occur late in disease

 

Abdominal pain, changes in bowel habits, Occult bleeding, and intestinal obstruction common

Definition
Colorectal Cancer
Term

Open tract between two epithelium-lined areas

Chronic Complication of Abscess

Definition
Fistula
Term

Linear lesions of the rectal wall

Most common on posterior midline

 

Tearing pain on defecation

Bright red blood

Hematochezia

Definition
Anal Fissure
Term

All Stage ___ Hemorroids require surgical intervention

risk of strangulation

Definition
Stage IV internal hemorroids
Term

Abscess in the sacrococcygeal cleft

associated with sinus tract involvement

 

more common in men, hirsute, obese, and <40

 

Definition
Pilonidal Cyst
Term

Pressure Ulcer from Fecal mass in fecal impaction

pressing against colon wall

Definition
Steroral Ulcer
Term

Psoas Sign +

Obturator Sign +

Nausea and Anorexia Common

Leukocytosis 10,000-20,000 cells/mL

 

Definition
Appendicitis
Term

Psoas Sign

 

Definition

Patient is supine and attempts to raise the leg against resistance

 

+ Appendicitis

Term
Obturator Sign
Definition

Patient is supine and attempts to flex and internally rotate right hip with knee bent

 

+ Appendicitis

Term

Epigastric pain radiating to the back

 

Lessens when leaning forward or lying in fetal position

 

Most commonly caused by cholelithiasis

or alcohol abuse

Definition
Acute Pancreatitis
Term

Periumbilical or Epigastric Pain

 

After ~12h, pain localized to RLQ,

Becomes constant,

Worsens with movement

 

Rebound Tenderness

 

McBurney's Point

Definition
Appendicitis
Term

Serum Lipase Elevation

3x or greater

More sensitive and specific than Amylase for:

Definition
Acute Pancreatitis
Term
Ranson's Criteria
Definition
Prognostic Tool for Pancreatitis
Term
Alvarado Scale
Definition
Diagnostic Tool for Appendicitis
Term
Classic Triad of Chronic Pancreatitis
Definition

Pancreatic Calcification

Steatorrhea

DM

Term

Abdominal Pain

Jaundice

Palpable GB (Courvoisier's Sign)

Whipple's Procedure

Definition
Pancreatic Head Tumor
Term

Colicky Epigastric or RUQ Pain

Becomes Steady and Increases in Intensity

 

Often Occurs after High-Fat Meal

 

Nausea, Vomiting, Low-Grade Fever Common

 

+ Murphy's Sing

Definition
Acute Cholecystitis
Term
Charcot's Triad
Definition

RUQ tenderness

Jaundice

Fever

 

(Acute Cholangitis)

Term
Reynold's Pentad
Definition

RUQ Tenderness

Jaundice

Fever

(Charcot's Triad)

+

Altered Mental Status

Hypotension

 

(Indicates sepsis in Acute Cholangitis)

Term

Chronic thickening of bile duct walls

80% association with IBD, esp UC

 

Strongly assoicated with Cholangiocarcinoma, also

Pancreatic and Colorectal Carcinoma

 

Jaundice and Pruritis most common

 

Liver Transplant only tx with known survival benefit

Definition
Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis (PSC)
Term

This Hep. B antibody indicates active infection

that is highly contagious

Definition

HBeAg

Hepatitis B envelope antigen

Term

Fatigue, malaise, anorexia, nausea

Tea-Colored Urine

and vague abdominal discomfort

 

Definition
Viral Hepatitis
Term
Tx for Hep C
Definition

Pegylated Interferon Alpha-2a or 2b

+

Ribavirin

Term

Weakness, Fatigue, & Weight Loss Common

Nausea, Vomiting, and Anorexia

 

Amenorrhea, Importence, Loss of Libido, and Gynecomastia

 

Abdominal Pain, Hepatomegaly, Esophageal Varices

 

Frequenctly caused by EtOH & Hep B or C

Definition
Cirrhosis
Term

Entamoeba histolytica or Coliform bacteria

 

Travel or 2nd to intra-abdominal infection

Definition
Liver Abscess
Term

Associated with Hep B & C,

aflatoxin B1 expsoure (Aspergillus sp)

Cirrhosis

Definition
Primary Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Term

Passage of intestine through external ring

at Hesselbach's Triangle

 

rarely enters the scrotum

Definition
Direct Inguinal Hernia
Term

Passge of intestine through the internal inguinal ring

down the inguinal canal

 

May pass into the scrotum

 

Most common type

Definition
Indirect Inguinal Hernia
Term

Passage of intestines through femoral ring

 

Least common type

Definition
Femoral Hernia
Term

Associated more commonly with vertical incisions

 

Especially in pts whith obesity or wound infection

Definition
Incisional Hernia
Term

Protrusion of the stomach through the diaphragm

via the esophageal hiatus

 

Can cause GERD

Definition
Hiatal Hernia
Term

A weakening in the anterior abdominal wall

 

May be either incisional or umbilical

Definition
Ventral Hernia
Term

Congenital Abnormality

 

Excessive saliva and choking or coughing

with attempts to feed

 

Commonly associated with tracheoesophageal fistulae

 

Dx by inability to pass NG tube

Definition
Esophageal Atresia
Term

Congenital abnormality

 

Causes immediate respiratory distress in newborn

 

Affected lung is compressed by pressure from abdominal contents

 

Bowel sounds are heard in the chest

Definition
Diaphragmatic Hernia
Term

Xray shows loops of bowel in the involved hemithorax

 

with displacement of the heart

and mediastinal structures

Definition
Diaphragmatic Hernia
Term

Progressive, Nonbilious, Projectile Vomiting

 

Child, 4-6 wks old, who remains hungry

 

"Olive-Shaped Mass" felt to Right of Umbilicus

 

"String Sign" on Barrium Swallow

 

Definition
Pyloric Stenosis
Term

Congenital Abnormality

 

Signs of Bowel Obstruction in the first few days of life

 

ileum most commonly affected

Definition
Bowel Atresia
Term

Congenital abnormality

 

Caused by absence of Meissner's and Auerbach's

Autonomic Plexuses Enervating the Bowel Wall

 

Constipation or Obstipation, Vomiting, and Failure to Thrive

Definition

Hirschsprung's Disease

aka COngenital Megacolon

Term

Deficiency causes:

Scurvy

Poor wound healing

Petechiae

Bleeding Gums

Definition
Vitamin C
Term

Deficiency Causes:

 

Megaloblastic Anemia

 &

Poor Nerve Function

Definition
B12 (cobalamin)
Term

Deficiency Causes:

 

Megaloblastic Anemia

Sore tongue

Diarrhea

Mental disorders

Definition
Folate
Term

Deficiency Causes:

 

Heachache

Seizures

Flaky Skin

Sore Tongue

Definition
B6 (pyridoxine)
Term

Deficiency Causes:

 

Dermatitis

Tongue Pain

Anemia

Depression

Definition
Biotin
Term

Deficiency causes:

 

Tingling

Fatigue

Headache

 

Found in Liver, broccoli & eggs

Definition
Panothenic Acid
Term

Deficiency and Supplementation causes:

 

Flushing

 

Definition
Niacin
Term

Deficiency causes:

 

Oral inflammation

and eye disorders

Definition
Riboflavin
Term

Deficiency Causes:

 

Beriberi (nervous tingling, poor coordination, edema, weakness, cardiac dysfunction)

Definition
Thiamin
Term

Deficiency causes:

 

Bleeding

Definition
Vitamin K
Term

Deficiency Causes:

 

Hemolytic Anemia

Degenerative Changes

Definition
Vitamin E
Term

Deficiency Causes:

 

Rickets

Osteomalacia

Definition
Vitamin D
Term

Toxicity of this causes:

 

Hypercalcemia

Kidney Stones

Soft-Tissue Deposits

Definition
Vitamin D
Term

Toxicity of this causes:

 

Skin disorders

hair loss

Teratogenicity

Definition
Vitamin A
Term

Rare autosomal recessive inability to

metabolize phenylalanine

 

Can cause mental retardation and movement disorders

if undiagnosed by age 3

Definition
Phenylketonuria
Term

Abrupt, Intense Abdominal Pain

Out of proportion to PE findings

Definition
Acute Mesenteric Arterial Occlusion
Term
Lab test best for dx alcohol abuse
Definition

Elevated g-glutamyltransferase (GGTP)

 

elevated in alcohol abuse and is one othe best early indicators of EtOH abuse

Term

Nausea

"Coffee Grounds" Emesis

Dark Tarry Stools

 

EtOH & NSAIDs

Definition
Upper GI Bleed
Term

Achalasia

an idiopathic motility disorder of the distal 2/3rds of the esophagus

 

Diagnosis is confirmed by:

 

Definition
Esophageal Manometry
Term

Common in young women in stressful, painful, or

claustrophobic situations

 

nausea, diaphoresis, pallor

syncope

 

Tachycardia w/ normal BP and ECG

Definition
Vasomotor Syncope
Term

Patients with Long QT syndrome should

avoid this class of Antibiotics

Definition

Macrolides and some fluorquinolones

 

may prolong QT interval and should be avoided in patients with long QT syndrome

Term

Mild SOB, Tachycardia, NO palps

 

Sitting down, putting head between knees will cause slowing of HR (any maneuver that increases vagal tone)

 

ECG is normal

 

No structural Heart Defect

Definition
PSVT
Term

14 y/o presents with fever, myalgias, arthralgias, carditis, and polyarthritis

ASO titer +

Tx of choice for fever and arthralgias is?

Definition

Salicylates (ASA)

drug of choice in Rheumatic Fever

Term
first line pressor therapy for cardiogenic shock
Definition
Beta-agnoists (ie Dobutamine)
Term
Commonly found on cardiac exam in a patient presenting with heart failure
Definition

S3 Heart Sound

 

due to increased resistance to ventricular filling during passive atrial emptying

Term

____ occurs when there is increased resistance to ventricular filling during atrial contraction.

 

Causes include; HTN, CAD, AS, and CM

may be present in diastolic failure

Definition
S4 Heart Sound
Term

Loss of peristalsis in distal 2/3rds of esophagus

 

Impaired relaxation of lower esophageal sphincter

 

Esophgeal dilation

 

chest fullness after eating and progressive dysphagia of solids and liquids

Definition
Achalasia
Term

Prior to cardioversion in a patient with

Atrial Fibrillation

this test must be done to r/o atrial thrombi

Definition
Transesophageal Echocardiography
Term
Patients with G6PD deficiency should avoid which class of antibiotics, to prevent hemolytic crisis?
Definition

Sulfonamides

 

Sulfa-containg drugs, such as TMP/SMX (Bactrim) and Nitrofurantoin (Macrodantin) should be avoided

Term

Significant Contraindication for

Exercise Stress Testing

due to risk of causing a syncopal episode during exercise

Definition
Aortic Stenosis
Term

Initial Pharmacologic Managment for

IBD

Definition
5-Aminosalicyclic Acid (5-ASA) compounds
Term

Hx of Gallstones

presents with moderate boring epigastric pain

radiates to back

somewhat relieved by leaninf forward

Abdominal Distention, tenderness, N/V

 

no rigidity or rebound

 

Recommened management includes;

Definition

Mild-Moderate Acute Pancreatitis; pancreatic rest (NPO and Bed Rest), with ileus present (distention, vomiting) NG suction should be used

Analgesics are important in pt care; Narcotics are often required

Term

EKG: restrictive CM

Myocardial Bx: deposition of immunoglobulins with light chains

Definition
Amyloidosis
Term
Downsloping ST-segment depression is characteristic of:
Definition
Angina Pectoris
Term

Durg of choice to admin to a newborn with a

continuous, rough, machinery-like murmur

Definition

Indomethacin

 

Prostaglandin inhibitor, routinely used to help close a PDA

Term

Elevated cholesterol, liver enzymes, and BUN/Creatinine

with Low BMI, amenorrhea

Skin that is dry and scaly with increased lanugo

Definition
Anorexia Nervosa
Term

Mild bleeding disorder that runs in the family

Platelet count, PT, and PTT are normal

 

what medication should be admin prior to a surgical procedure?

Definition

Desmopressin Acetate

 

Type 1 von Willebrand disease, recommend Intranasal desmospressin on day of procedure to control blood loss

Term
Pulsus Paradoxus is a classic finding in:
Definition
Pericardial effusion
Term

Pancytopenia with decreased reticulocyte count

purpur and petechiae may be present

Definition
Aplastic Anemia
Term

Harsh, Holosystolic Murmur

heard best at LSB with wide radiation and

fixed split S2

 

no change with position or respiration

Definition
VSD
Term
First line treatment for ITP
Definition

Dexamethasone or Prednisone

 

IVIG is second-line

Term

 Causes of this type of renal failure include:

 

Hypovolemia

Hypotension

Ineffective circulating volume (ie CHF)

aortic aneurysm

renal artery stenosis or embolic disease

Definition

PreRenal

 

Urine Sodium <20

BUN:CR  20:1

Term

Causes for this type of renal failure include:

 

ATN

Nephrotoxins

Interstitial Disease

GN

Vascular Diseases

Definition

Intrinsic Renal

 

Urine Sodium >40

BUN:CR <15:1

Term
Tubular obstruction and obstructive uropathies cause which type of renal failure
Definition
Postrenal
Term
Most common causes of chronic renal failure
Definition

DM

HTN

GN

PKD

Term

These two classes of anti-HTN medication have

been shown to slow the progression of renal dysfunction

Particularly in patients with proteinuria

Definition
ACE-I and ARBs
Term

This class of meds is used in treatment of chronic glomerulonephritis

 

They are renoprotective and reduce urinary protein loss in chronic GN

Definition
ACE-I
Term

Tea or Cola Color Urine

 

ASO titer done if recent stept infection possible

 

Oliguria or anuria

 

edema of the face and eyes in am

edema of feet and ankles in afternoon and evening

 

Proteinuria 1-2g / 1.73m2 in 24h

Definition

Glomerulonephritis

if ASO+ : PSGN

Term

Oval Fat Bodies

 

Foamy Urine (Proteinuria)

NO Hematuria

Lipiduria

 

> 3.5g / 1.73m2 in 24 h

Definition

Nephrotic Syndrome

 

w/ RBCs  (hematuria) : Nephritic Syndrome

Term

Kidney disorder that can predispose

patient to thrombosis

secondary to loss of

Protein S and C and antithrombin III

Definition

Nephrotic Syndrome

 

w/ Hematuria : Nephritic Syndrome

Term

NSAIDs &

Aminoglycosides

Are considered ______toxic?

Definition

Nephrotoxic

 

Term

Autosomal Dominant

 

Always Bilateral

 

Symptoms develop during 4th decade of life

 

Leads to renal failure

 

Back & Flank Pain, Headaches

Definition

ADPKD

autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease

Term

Begins in utero

 

Can lead to fetal and neonatal death

 

Reduced life expectancy due to renal or hepatic failure

 

Autosomal Recessive

Definition

ARPKD

autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease

Term

Acquired kidney disease

 

occurs in pts with long-term or end-stage renal disease

 

More common in AA males.

Definition

ACKD

acquired cystic kidney disease

Term

Imaging method of choice

for Polycystic Kidney Disease

 

Fluid-Filled Cysts

Definition
Ultrasound
Term

Calcium, ammonium & magnesium

 

Radiopaque

 

Caused by increased UTIs with urease-producing bacteria

 

pts with abnl urinary tracts, urinary diversions, and those who require frequent hospitalization common

Definition
Struvite Nephrolithiasis
Term

Most common stone-forming salt

 

Radiopaque

Definition
Calcium Oxylate
Term
 Both these renal calculi are Radiolucent
Definition
Uric acid & Cystine
Term

unilateral back pain

 

colic that waxes and wanes

 

Dysuria, hematuria, frequency, fever, chills, N/V

 

+CVA tenderness

Definition
Nephrolithiasis (Kidney stones)
Term

Imaging modality of choice for

suspect renal calculi

Definition
Spiral CT
Term

Dialysis should be used in cases of hypernatremia

at what level

Definition
>200 mEq/L
Term
Hypernatremia
Definition
Serum Sodium > 145 mEq/L
Term

Low Urine Sodium

Polyuria

Urine is diluted

Definition
Diabetes Insipidus
Term

Elevated serum glucose

Decreased urine output

Increased urine osmolality

Definition
Hyperosmolar Coma
Term

Hyporeflexia &

Cheyne-Stokes respirations are associated

with what electrolye imbalance

Definition
Hyponatremia
Term
Hyponatremia
Definition
Serum Sodium < 135 mEq/L
Term

Caution is used to avoid overly rapid correction

of severe symptomatic hyponatremia

with hypertonic saline

to avoid:

Definition
Central Pontine Myelinolysis
Term

Urine osmolality <250 mOsm/kg,

despite Hypernatremia

 

Polyuria (up to 12L/d)

Nocturia

Polydypsia

Definition
Diabetes Insipidus
Term

Mild: Increased HR, fatigue, muscle cramps

Moderate: Dizziness and hypotension when standing

Severe: Hypovolemia, Signs of ischemia and shock, lethargy and confusion

 

Decreases skin turgor may be unreliable in older adults

 

Urea Increases but minor change in Creatinine

Definition
Volume Depletion
Term
Most common causes of hyperkalemia
Definition

Renal Failure

ACE-I

Hypoaldosteronism

Cell Death

Metabolic Acidosis

Term

Serum level >5.0 mEq/L

 

Peaked T waves

 

Sine-wave pattern leading to cardiac arrest with levels (8-10 mEq/L)

 

Calcium Gluconate IV

Definition
Hyperkalemia
Term
Most common causes of Hypokalemia
Definition

Diuretics

Renal Tubular Acidosis

GI Losses

Term

Cardiovascular Manifestations of

Hypokalemia

Definition

Ventricular Arrhythmias

Hypotension

Cardiac Arrest

Term

Neuromuscular Manifestations of

Hypokalemia

Definition

Muscle Weakness

Cramps

Smooth Muscle: ileus & constipation

Malaise

Term

Hypercalcemia on CMP

 

24 Hour Urine Collection shows

Decreased Calcium

 

Definition
Primary Hyperparathyroidism
Term

CMP shows Hypercalcemia

 

24 Hour Urine shows

elevated calcium

 

Definition

Most Likely

Malignant Neoplastic or Paraneoplastic Process

 

Possibly

Hyperparathyroidism

Term
Most common causes of Hypocalemia
Definition

Critically Ill Pts

Chronic Dz: esp CKD

Hypoparathyroidism

Term

Dry Skin, Brittle Nails, Pruritis, Muscle Cramps

Numbness & Tingling in extremities

 

Perioral Numbness

 

3rd Heart Sound & Bradycardia, Syncope, Angina

 

Trousseau's & Chvostek's Signs

Definition

Hypocalcemia

 (Corrected Calcium < 8.5 mEq/L)

Term

Severe Hypophosphatemia ( <1.0 mg/dL)

can lead to:

Definition

Rhabdomyolysis

Parethesia

Encephalopathy

Term
Hyperphosphatemia is commonly secondary to:
Definition

CKD

 

(if markedly elevated give calcium carbonate 500mg TID with meals)

Term

Rarely occurs except in patients with CKD given magnesium-containg products (ie laxatives or antacids)

 

DTRs reduced, then muscle weakness, hypotension, respiratory depression, finally cardiac arrest if level continue to increase

 

admin 10-20 mL of 10% calcium gluconate IV over 10 min.

Definition
Hypermagnesemia
Term
Decrease in pH, CO2, & HCO3
Definition
Metabolic Acidosis
Term
Increase in pH, CO2, & HCO3
Definition
Metabolic Alkalosis
Term

Decrease in pH

 

Increase in CO2 & HCO3

Definition
Respiratory Acidosis
Term

Increase in pH

 

Decrease in CO2 & HCO3

Definition
Respiratory Alkalosis
Term
Anxiety is the most common cause of this acid-base disorder:
Definition
Respiratory Alkalosis
Term

Used to Calculate expected PCO2 compensation in metabolic acidosis

 

 

Definition

Winter's Formula

 

[1.5 x {HCO3-}] + 8 +/- 2

Term
Anion Gap Calculation
Definition

(Na+ - (HCO3- + Cl-) )

 

Normal 8 +/- 4 mEq/L

Term

Common caused of Elevated AG

Metabolic Acidosis

Definition

Lactic Acidosis

Ketoacidosis

Toxins/Drugs

Renal Failure

Term

Common causes of Normal AG

Metabolic Acidosis

Definition

Diarrhe

Pancreatic or Biliary Drainage

Ureteral Diversionb

Term

Calculation of expected CO2 compensation in

Metabolic Alkalosis

Definition
PCO2 = (0.7 x HCO3) + 20 +/- 2
Term

Hypovolemic Hypochloremic Pts

Metabolic Alkalosis

 

Urine Chloride = ?

Definition

Urine Chloride < 20 mEq/L

 

Tx: Sodium Chloride

Term

Volume-Expanded pts with Mineralcorticoid Excess

Metabolic Alkalosis

 

Urine Chloride = ?

Definition

Urine Chloride > 30 mEq/L

 

Tx: Remove Adrenal Adenoma or Spironolactone

Term

Urinary Analgesic

 

Causes discoloration of urine

Dark orange or reddish

Definition
Phenazopyridine (Pyridium)
Term

Chronic Pyelonephritis

Commonly occurs in patients with:

Definition

Anatomic Urinary Tract Abnormalities

esp. Vesicoureteral Reflux

Term
Muddy Brown Casts
Definition
ATN
Term

More common in DM and elder women

 

E. Coli 85% causative agent

 

WBC Casts

 

+ CVA tenderness, fever, flank pain

irritative voiding symptoms

 

Follow up cx mandatory 1-2 wks post treatment

Definition
Pyelonephritis
Term

Sudden High fever, chills, and low back and perianal pain

 

Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome

 

Gram - Rods common

 

Chronic Non-Bacterial Most Common Form

Definition
Prostatitis
Term
Four-Glass Localization
Definition

Used to localize nidus for infection in

chronic bacterial prostatitis

Term

Postpubertal Male with Mumps Infection

 

Unilateral Testicular Swelling and Tenderness

 

Pyuria and Bacteriuria

Definition
Orchitis
Term

Most common causative agents

Epididymitis in pt < 35

Definition

Chlamydia or Gonorrhea

 

 

(E. Coli if > 35 yo)

Term

Heaviness and Dull, Aching Discomfort

in hemiscrotum

 

Pain may radiate to Ipsilateral Flank

 

Hx: Heavy Lifting, trauma, or sexual activity

 

Prehn's Sign

Definition
Epididymitis
Term
Boggy Enlarged Prostate
Definition
Prostatitis
Term

Compression of prostatic urethra

Obstruction of urinary outlet

 

60-65 yo male with decreased force of stream,

heistancy, straining, post-void dribbling

Definition
BPH
Term

US: hypoechoic lesion in peripheral zone

 

rare in men < 40

 

enlarged, nodular, and asymmetric

Definition
Prostate CA
Term
Painless Hematuria
Definition
Bladder Cancer
Term

98% are Transitional Cell Carcinomas (TCC)

 

3x more common in men than women

 

Hx: Exposure to carcinogenics common

Definition
Bladder Cancer
Term

Imaging for 100% definitive diagnosis

of Bladde Cancer

Definition

Cystoscopy

(Bx confirms pathologic diagnosis)

Term

von Hippel-Lindau Disease

is a herditary form of:

Definition
Renal Cell Carcinoma
Term

"Internists Tumor"

 

Presents with wide range of signs and symptoms

most common: gross or microscopic hematuria,

followed by pain or an abdominal mass

 

More common in Men, Age > 55, and AA

 

Cigarette smoking is consistently linked

Definition
Renal Cell Carcinoma
Term

Most common solid renal tumor

of childhood

Definition

Wilms' Tumor

(Nephroblastoma)

Term
Treatment of choice for Wilms' Tumor
Definition

Radical Nephrectomy with LN sampling

 

(Chemosensitive to: Dactinomycin, Vincristine & Doxyrubicin)

Term
Most common malignancy of young men
Definition
Testicular Cancer
Term
Painless, Solid, Testicular Swelling
Definition
Testicular Cancer
Term

Elevated alpha-fetoprotein &

Alpha-HCG

are diagnostic for this form of testicular cancer

Definition
Nonseminomatous Germ Cell
Term
Phimosis
Definition
Inability to retract foreskin over glans penis
Term

Paraphimosis

 

Definition

Entrapment of the foreskin behind the glans penis

Emergency reduction required

Term

Soft, nontender fullness of the hemiscrotum

that transilluminates

Definition
Hydrocele
Term

Palpable, round, firm, cystic mass with distinct borders,

free floating above the testicle

Transilluminates

 

Typically < 1cm

Definition
Spermatocele
Term

Sudden onset of severe unilateral pain and scrotal swelling

 

Most common in young males 12-18 years old

 

Prehn's sign is negative

 

surgical emergency

Definition
Testicular Torsion
Term

Chronic, nontender, scrotal mass that

does NOT transilluminate

 

Usually on the Left

 

Increases in size with valsalva

 

decreases in size with elevation of scrotum of lying supine

 

 

Definition
Varicocele
Term
Bag of Worms
Definition
Varicocele
Term

DRE is contraindicated

in patients with clinical presentation for:

Definition
Prostatitis
Term
Cause of Primary Dysmenorrhea
Definition

Excess Prostaglandin E2 Secretion

Painful contractions, N/V/D

Term
#1 cause of secondary amenorrhea
Definition
Pregnancy
Term
Failure to menstruate with estrogen stimulation of endometrium increases the risk for:
Definition
Endometrial Cancer
Term
Absence of spontaneous mentruation by age 16
Definition
Primary Amenorrhea
Term
Climacteric
Definition
Aging process where women go from reproductive to nonreproductive
Term
Premature Menopause
Definition

Spontaneous ovarian failure

cessation of menses before 40

Term

Test & level that is diagnostic

for menopause

Definition
FSH > 30 mIU/mL
Term
Dysfuctional Uterine Bleeding
Definition

Abnormal bleeding with unremarkable PE in a very young or perimenopausal woman

 

Problem with HPO hormonal axis

 

Common in perimenopausal women from increased anovulatory cycles

Term

Dependent on estrogen

 

4x increased risk of endometrial cancer

 

firm, enlarged, irregular uterus

 

Bleeding is most common presenting symptom

Definition
Leiomyomata (Fibroids)
Term

Most common Estrogen Independent

Endometrial cancer

Definition
Adenocarcinoma
Term

Inappropriate Uterine Bleeding

in a White, Peri- or Postmenopausal Pt

Definition

Endometrial Cancer

 

if older and postmenopausal: think estrogen independent adenocarcinoma

Term

Middle aged, parous, female with severe secondary dysmenorrhea and menorrhagia

with a symmetrically enlarged uterus

Definition
Adenomyosis
Term

"Falling-Out" sensation or

feeling of sitting on a ball

Definition
Uterine Prolapse
Term
Ovarian cysts in postmenopausal women are common benign masses (T/F)
Definition

False

cysts in postmenopausal women are presumed malignant until proven otherwise

Term
Most common cause of androgen excess and hirsutism
Definition
PCOS
Term

Bilaterally enlarged ovaries

progressively longer episodes of amenorrhea

 

increased risk of endometrial hyperplasia and carcinoma from unopposed estrogen stimulation

Definition
PCOS
Term

Acne

menstrual irregularitiy

Impaired glucose tolerance

hirsutism

infertility

Definition
PCOS
Term
US: "String of Pearls"
Definition
PCOS
Term

High risk women are older, nulliparous, white

and have +Fhx of ovarian or endometrial cancer

 

Associated with mutations in the P53 tumor suppressor gene

Definition
Ovarian Cancer
Term
Two forms of hereditary ovarian cancer
Definition

Breast and Ovarian Syndrome - BOC

Hereditary Nonpolyposis Colorectal Cancer Syndrome - HNPCC

Term
5 HPV types strongly linked with cervical dysplasia
Definition
16, 18, 31, 33, & 45
Term
2 HPV types linked to Condylomata acuminate
Definition
6 & 11
Term

Rarest GYN Neoplasm

Most are squamous cell carinomas

occuring in postmenopausal women

Definition
Vulvar Neoplasm
Term

Utero exposure to diethylstilbestrol (DES)

increases risk for this very rare gyn neoplasm

of the vagina

Definition
Clear Cell Adenocarcinoma
Term
Persistent, noncyclical breast pain
Definition
Suggests underlying cancer
Term

Round, firm, smooth, discrete, mobile, and nontender

breast mass suggests

Definition
Fibroadenoma
Term

Common in 30-50 year old women

 

Can be an asymptomatic mass or

Painful and tender mass

 

Pain, size fluctuation, and mulitple lesions

Definition
Fibrocystic Changes
Term
Treament for Mastitis
Definition

PCN- Resistant Abx ( Cloxacillin, Dicloxacillin, Nafcillin)

or

Cephalosporin

 

Hot compresses

Term

Single, nontender, firm, immobile mass

found common in upper out quadrant

or under nipple and areola

Definition
Breast Cancer
Term
Paget's Disease
Definition
A ductal carcinoma presenting as eczamtous lesion of the nipple
Term

Given to anovulatory women

for 5 days beginning on day 3, 4, or 5 of the cycle

to promote ovulation

Definition
Clomiphene Citrate 50-100mg
Term
Chandelier Sign
Definition
Cervical Motion Tenderness - PID
Term
Painless vaginal bleeding during 3rd trimester is Hallmark for
Definition
Placenta previa
Term

Uterine US: Grapelike Clusters

No fetus

Definition

Molar Pregnancy

 

Scution curettage - treatment of choice

Term
Chadwick's Sign
Definition
Bluish Cervix - indicates Pregnancy
Term
Cervical Change consistent with pregnancy
Definition

Cyanotic Cervix

"Chadwick's Sign"

Term

Positive pregnancy test (b-HCG >2,000)

Unilateral Pelvic Pain

Amenorrhea

and Spotting

 

Patient is Stable - what is the best management

Definition

Methotrexate

 

Can treat up to 80% of ectopics

Given IM - patient muts been deemed reliable to return for follow-up

Term
Karyotype 45XO pattern
Definition
Turner's Syndrome
Term

Primary amenorrhea

Short stature

Webbed neck

Wdie-spaced nipples

High FSH

Definition

Gonadal Dysgenesis

"Turner's Syndrome"

Karyotype 45XO pattern

Term
Hagar's Sign
Definition
Softening between fundus and cervix
Term

LMP January 15th

what is the EDC?

Definition

October 22nd

 

(First Day of LMP - 3 months + 7 days)

Term
G2P1011
Definition

2 Pregnancies

1 full term

0 preterm

1 abortion

1 living child

Term
Normal Fetal Heart Tones
Definition
120-160 bpm
Term
Late decelerations begin:
Definition
after peak of contraction
Term
Normal (Reactive) NST =
Definition

2 accelerations of FHR in 20 minutes

up to 15 bpm from baseline

for 15 seconds & absence of decelerations

Term
Decelerations on NST =
Definition
Decline in FHR of 15 bpm or lasting more than 15 secondas or a slow return to baseline
Term
Screening for Gestational Diabetes is done when?
Definition
24-28 weeks gestation
Term

Vagin-Rectal Culture for

Group B Strep is done when?

Definition
35 weeks
Term
most common location of ectopic pregnancy
Definition

Fallopian tube (95%)

55% occur at ampula of the tube

Term

Asymmetric narrowing, subchondral sclerosis, cysts,

and marginal osteophytes

 

Decreased ROM, joint crepitus, pain gradually worsening throughout the day

Definition
Osteoarthritis
Term

Heberden's Nodes &

Bouchard's Nodules

Definition
Osteoarthritis
Term

Sausage-Finger Appearance

 

Skin involvement preceds joints by months to years

 

may involve hands & feet

 

Definition
Psoriatic Arthritis
Term

Pencil In Cup Deformities of

Proximal Phalanx on xray

Definition
Psoriatic Arthritis
Term

Urethritis

Conjunctivitis

Oligoarthritis

Mucosal Ulcers

Definition
Reactive Arthritis (Reiter Syndrome)
Term

MTP joint of great toe (podagra)

Tophi (calky deposits of urate crystals) are considered diagnostic

Definition
Gout
Term

Rod-Shaped,

Negatively Birefringent Urate Crystals

Definition
Gout
Term

Treatment of Choice:

Acute Gout Attack

Definition
Indomethacin 25-50mg TID until resolved
Term
Management b/w Acute Gout Attacks
Definition

Colchicine

 

or: Probenicid, Sulfapyrazone, Allopurinol, or Febuxostat

Term

Intra-articular deposition of calcium pyrophosphate

recurrent and abrupt onset of attacks is characteristic

 

Rhomboid-Shaped Crystals

 

Fine, Linear calcifications in cartilage (chondrocalcinosis)

Definition

Pseuodgout

or CPPD

Term

Muscle Bx: Myopathic Inflammatory Changes

 

Insidious, painless, proximal muscle weakness

dysphagia, skin rash, polyarthralgias

& muscle atrophy

Definition
Polymyositis
Term

Pain and stiffness in neck, shoulder, and pelvic girdles accompanied by constitutional symptoms

 

Associated with temporal arteritis

 

Stiffness severe after rest and in the morning

Definition
Polymyalgia Rheumatica
Term

Small and Medium Artery Inflammation of the skin , kidney, peripheral nerves, muscle, and gut

 

Associated with HepB

 

Skin lesions; palpable purpura and livedo reticularis common

 

Vessel bx is diagnostic, ANCA supports dx

Definition
Polyarteritis Nodosa
Term

Collagen deposition in the skin

Begins with swelling in the fingers and hands and may spread to trunk and face

 

Raynaud's Common

 

Associated with CREST Syndrome

Definition
Systemic Sclerosis (Scleroderma)
Term

Autoimmune disease that destroys salivary and lacrimal glands

Dry mouth and Dry eyes

Parotid glands may enlarge

 

Bx of lower lid mucosa confirms lymphocytic inflitrate and gland fibrosis

 

Definition
Sjogren's Syndrome
Term

Central Pain Disorder

Nonarticular MS aches, pains, fatigue, sleep disturbance,

& Multiple Tender Points on Exam

 

Dx of exclusion

 

Pregabalin (Lyrica) only med FDA approved specifically to tx this disorder

Definition
Fibromyalgia
Term
Injection of corticosteroids for tendinitis and tenosynovitis, what should be avoided and why?
Definition
Intratendon injection should be avoided for risk of tendon rupture - injection should be done along side tendon
Term
Housemaid's Knee
Definition
Suprapatellar Bursitis
Term
GERD
Definition

1) Histamine (H2) blockers 1st linefor MildGERD

 

2) PPI are the most powerful and are 1st line for moderate-severe GERD unresponsive to H2 blockers

 

3) Combination of H2 at bedtime and PPI at daytime for pts with nightime symptoms

Term

Bamboo Spine

 

HLA-B27

Definition
Ankylosing Spondylitis
Term

Sickle Cell Anemia

are at risk for Osteomyelitis

caused by:

Definition
Salmonella
Term
Most common site of bony metastases
Definition
Spine
Term

Bone Neoplasm

 

Age >60

 

Within Central Metaphseal Area

Definition
Chondrosarcoma
Term

Bone Neoplasm

 

Age 5-25 years old

 

diaphyses of long bones, ribs, and flat bones

Definition
Ewing's Sarcoma
Term

Bone Neoplasm

 

Age 10-20 years old

 

Metaphyses of long bones

Definition
Osteosarcoma
Term

Wrist Fracture with

Dorsal displacement

Definition
Colles' Fx
Term

Wrist Fracture with

Volar Displacement

Definition
Smiths' Fx
Term
Study of choice in occult hip fracture
Definition
MRI
Term
3 Most common sites of dislocations
Definition

Anterior Shoulder

Posterior Hip (concern for osteonecrosis of the femoral head)

Posterior Elbow

Term
Lisfranc Fracture
Definition
dislocation of the tarsometatarsal joint complex
Term
Stretching of the anterior talofibular ligament (ATL) causes:
Definition
Common Ankle Sprain
Term

Most common condition affecting the C-Spine

causing Neck Pain

Definition
Spondylosis
Term

Parethesias and numbness occurs in the fingers

Pain increases with extension and decreases with flexion

Definition
Spondylosis
Term

Eccentric Overload

 

Aggravted by overhead activites

 

Pain worse with ABduction of the arm

Definition
Rotator Cuff Syndrome
Term
Loss of shoulder contour with elbow pointing outward
Definition
Shoulder dislocation (anterior)
Term

Pain, stiffness, and limited ROM

 

xray: osteophytes and joint space narrowing

Definition
Osteoarthritis
Term

Most common fx in children and adolescents

Arm supported by contralateral arm

proximal portion may displace superiorly due to SCM muscle attachment

Definition
Clavicle Fx
Term

Separated Shoulder

 

Tearing of the acromioclavicular and/or

coracoclavicular joint

 

What is the most appropriate imaging

Definition
Stress Films - weight bearing AC joint views
Term
Kienbock's Disease
Definition
Osteonecrosis of the lunate
Term

Heberden's Nodes

Mucous Cysts in DIP

Bouchards Nodes in PIP

Definition
OA
Term

Symmetrical soft-tissue swelling of MCP

and PIP joints, sparing DIP

Definition
RA
Term
Dupuytren's Disease
Definition

Palmar aponeurosis,

ring, little, and middle finger,

painful nodules, pitting, and contractures

Term

Night pain, numbness, parethesias sparing little finger

Thenar atrophy late in disease

 

Tinel's & Phalen's

Definition
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Term
Fx of metacarpal neck 4th or 5th finger
Definition

Boxer's Fx

 

tx: ulnar splint

Term

Distal radius fx with dorsal angulation

 

fall onto dorsiflexed hand

 

Silver Fork Deformity

 

Definition
Colles' Fx
Term

Laxity of the ulnar collateral ligament

with instability and weakness of pinch

Definition
Gamekeeper's Thumb
Term

involves tendinous insertion of the

extensor carpi radialis brevis

 

Pain with forearm pronated and fingers and wrist extended against resistance

 

 

Definition
Lateral Epicondylitis "Tennis Elbow"
Term

Pain with resisted wrist flexion

 

affects flexor-pronator muscles at their origin

 

Hx: repetitive stress

Definition
Medial Epicondylitis "golfers elbow"
Term

Subluxation of the radial head caused by excessive longitudinal traction

 

most common <4 years old

 

Pain over lateral aspect of the elbow that worsens with forearm rotation

 

Definition
Nursemaids Elbow
Term

4 year old presents after falling on outstretched hand

Extremity is fully pronated, partially flexed, and held tightly to their side

 

 

Definition
Nursemaid's Elbow
Term
Pain over anatomical snuffbox
Definition

Scaphoid Fx

 

displacement >1mm requires ORIF

Term
DeQuervian's Disease
Definition

Stenosing tenosynovitis involving the

abductor pollicis longus and extensore pollicis brevis

 

Finklestein's Test

Term
Girls b/w onset of puberty growth spurt and cessation of spinal growth are at greatest risk of this common spinal deformity
Definition
Idiopathic Adolescent Scoliosis
Term
Most common form of scoliosis
Definition
Right thoracic curves T7 or T8
Term

Juvenile Kyphosis

"Scheuermann's Disease"

Definition
Idiopathic osteochondrosis of T spine
Term
Pott's Disease
Definition
TB of the spine causing progressive kyphosis
Term

Neural Claudication and exacerbation of pain with walking, relieved by leaning forward

 

Xray show thecal narrowing

Definition
Spinal Stenosis
Term

Affects sacroiliac joint symmetrically

and the spine in a progressively ascending manner

 

Hip contractures and fixed cervical, thoracic, and lumbar hyperkyphosis

Definition
Ankylosing Spondylitis
Term

Compression of several nerve roots

at the L4 to L5 Level

 

Bowel and bladder function severly impaired

 

Leg pain, numbness, saddle anesthesia, and/or

paralysis

Definition
Cauda Equina Syndrome
Term

Dull ache or throbbing pain localized to the groin, lateral hip, or buttocks

 

Pain with weight bearing and acitivity, relieved by rest

 

Loss of rotation or ABduction and an antalgic limp

Definition

Aseptic necrosis of the Hip

 

Legg-Calve-Perthes (LCP) Disease in Children

 

 

MRI is choice for early detection

crescent sign on lateral films

Term

Weakening of the epiphyseal plate of the femur

results in displacement of the femoral head

 

Common in children 10-16yo, M>F, AA, Athletes, and obese children

 

Insidious hip, thigh, or knee pain associated with a painful limp

Definition
SCFE
Term
Best Imaging for SCFE
Definition
Frog-Leg Lateral Pelvis or Lateral Hip View
Term

Apophysitis of the tibial tubercle caused by trauma or overuse

 

Anterior knee pain, with localized pain and swelling over the tibial tubercle, pain typically related to activity and relived by rest

Definition
Osgood-Schlatter Disease
Term
Most sensitive test for ACL tear
Definition
Lachman's test
Term

commonly associated with pivoting motion during running, jumping, or cutting activities

 

Pt hears a pop and complains of knee instability

Definition
ACL Injury
Term
Stability of an ankle is assessed using:
Definition
Anterior drawer test
Term

Common in runners

 

Pain of posterior calf

 

Pain on passive dorsiflexion and resisted plantar flexion

Definition
Achilles Tendinitis
Term
Valgus MTP joint deformity resulting from lateral deviation of the proximal phalanx
Definition
Bunions "Hallux Valgus"
Term

Traction on the interdigital nerve against the transverse metatarsal ligament

 

3rd web space and more common in women

 

Pain and localized numbness when walking and standing, relieved by rest

 

Squeezing the forefoot reproduces symptoms

Definition

Morton's Neuroma

 

Term

Pain with first few steps in the morning and heel pain at night

 

Runners and overweight most common

Definition
Plantar Fasciitis
Term

What annual monitoring is required with

Hydroxychloroquine

Definition
retinal exams
Term
MOA for Bisphosphonates
Definition

Inhibition of bone resorption by impairment of osteoclast function

 

reduce their numbers by unduction of apoptosis

Term

Most common primary malignant bone tumor

 

teens and 20s, M>F

 

 

Definition
Osteosarcoma
Term

Restrictive Cardiomyopathy

with Bx revealing immunoglobulins with

light chains

Definition
Amloidosis
Term
Treatment for Septic Arthritis
Definition
Dicloxacilin 500mg QID x10d
Term
dry eyes, dry mouth, parotid enlargement
Definition
Sjogren's Syndrome
Term
Treatment for Nursemaid's Elbow
Definition
Immediate reduction by supinating the elbow and moving it from full flexion to full extension
Term

Adolescent

Obese/Athlete

Hip Pain

Limp

Definition

SCFE

 

get frog-leg view of both hips

Term
bradycardia (<110bpm) and late decelerations on EFM often indicate:
Definition
Fetal Hypoxia
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