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Business Essentials Ch. 8 Vocabulary
Chapter 8 Vocabulary for Business Essentials, 6th Ed., by Ebert and Griffin
37
Business
Undergraduate 1
08/16/2011

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Term
employee behavior
Definition
the patter of actions by the members of an organization that directly or indirectly influence the organization's effectiveness
Term
performance behaviors
Definition
the total set of work-related behaviors that the organization expects employees to display
Term
organizational citizenship
Definition
positive behaviors that do not directly contribute to the bottom line
Term
counter-productive behaviors
Definition
behaviors that detract from organizational performance
Term
absenteeism
Definition
when an employee does not show up for work
Term
turnover
Definition
annual percentage of an organization's workforce that leaves and must be replaced
Term
individual differences
Definition
personal attributes that vary from one person to another
Term
personality
Definition
the relatively stable set of psychological attributes that distinguish one person from another
Term
"big five" personality traits
Definition
five fundamental personality traits especially relevant to organizations
Term
agreeableness
Definition
a personality trait marked by gentleness, cooperation, forgiving others, understanding, and being good-natured
Term
conscientiousness
Definition
the personality trait that emphasizes being organized, systematic, careful, thorough, responsible, and self-disciplined
Term
emotionality
Definition
the personality trait that pertains to outlook - those with positive emotionality are poised, calm, resilient, and secure
Term
extroversion
Definition
extroverts are sociable, talkative, assertive and open to establishing relationships
Term
openness
Definition
personality trait that pertains to how open a person is to new ideas and to changing their own in response to new information
Term
emotional intelligence (EQ)
Definition
the extent to which people are self-aware, can manage their emotions, can motivate themselves, can express empathy for others, and possess social skills
Term
attitudes
Definition
a person's beliefs and feelings about specific ideas, situations, or people
Term
job satisfaction
Definition
degree of enjoyment that people derive from performing their jobs
Term
organizational commitment
Definition
the individual's identification with the organization and its mission
Term
psychological contract
Definition
set of expectations held by an employee concerning what he or she will contribute to an organization and what the organization will in return provide the employee
Term
person-job fit
Definition
the extent to which a person's contributions and the organization's inducements match one another
Term
motivation
Definition
the set of forces that cause people to behave in certain ways
Term
classical theory of motivation
Definition
theory holding that workers are motivated solely by money
Term
classical theory of motivation
Definition
theory holding that workers are motivated solely by money
Term
Hawthorne effect
Definition
tendency for productivity to increase when workers believe they are receiving special attention from management
Term
Hawthorne effect
Definition
tendency for productivity to increase when workers believe they are receiving special attention from management
Term
theory x
Definition
theory of motivation holding that people are naturally lazy and uncooperative
Term
theory y
Definition
theory of motivation holding that people are naturally energetic, growth-oriented, self-motivated and interested in being productive
Term
hierarchy of human needs model
Definition
theory of motivation describing five levels of human needs and arguing that basic needs must be fulfilled before people work to satisfy higher-level needs
Term
two-factor theory
Definition
theory of motivation holding that job satisfaction depends on two factors, hygiene and motivation
Term
expectancy theory
Definition
theory of motivation holding that people are motivated to work toward rewards that they want and that they believe they have a reasonable chance of obtaining
Term
equity theory
Definition
theory of motivation holding that people evaluate their treatment by the organization relative to the treatment of others
Term
positive reinforcement
Definition
reward that follows desired behaviors
Term
positive reinforcement
Definition
reward that follows desired behaviors
Term
punishment
Definition
unpleasant consequences of undesirable behavior
Term
punishment
Definition
unpleasant consequences of undesirable behavior
Term
participative management and empowerment
Definition
method of increasing job satisfaction by giving employees a voice in the management of their jobs and the company
Term
job enrichment
Definition
method of increasing job safisfaction by adding one of more motivating factors to job activities
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