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Business 101
business midterm flashcards
78
Business
Undergraduate 1
02/04/2014

Additional Business Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
The prime mover for business
Definition
Without a willingness to take risk business does not exist
Term
Definition from lecture
Definition
The probability of suffering damage, the key ingredient of business.
Term
Its relationship to uncertainty
Definition
It is a function of uncertainty
Term
The direct relationship between risk and reward
Definition

§  Willingness to take risk for the desired reward. There is a direct relationship between risk and reward

Term
The two factors determining a person’s/organization’s willingness to take risks
Definition
profit and need
Term
WHAT is business?
Definition

Organization seeking profit (R-C=P) by meeting needs (Maslow).  

 

A collection of stakeholders. Their interaction defines the business

Term
profit
Definition

·         (primary goal and reward)

o    R-C=P

 

o    The three things a business must do to reach P (Profit) and not L (loss)= demand for your product, business ability to attract demand, control your costs

Term
Needs – what is meant by this (Maslow
Definition

·         ): physiological needs, safety and security, love and belonging, self-esteem, self actualization

Term
What is a stakeholder
Definition

·         Any group or individual who can affect or is affected by a corporation (business or organization). 

Term
The four factors of production and the production function
Definition

§  Land, capitol, labor, entrepreneurship

Term
Finance
Definition
responsibility of owners, obtaining and managing/ using money
Term
Marketing
Definition

: focus on employees, marketers gather info and conduct research to determine what customers want

Term
Management:
Definition

satisfying customers, coordinating employee’s actionsto achieve the firms goals

Term
The role of strategy as navigational gear
Definition

§  – guides the process and defines the direction and charts a course): Where do we need to go and how are we going to get there

Term
Economic system
Definition

How a society allocates its resources to produce goods and services

Term
Capitalism
Definition

Economic system in which individuals own and operate the majority of businesses that provide goods and services

Term
Free market system
Definition

pure capitalism in which all economic decisions are made without government intervention

Term
Socialism
Definition

Economic system in which the government owns and operates basic industries but individuals own most businesses.

Term
Communism
Definition

first described by Karl Marx as a society in which the people, without regard to class, own all the nation’s resources

Term
Command economy
Definition

:A system where the government, rather than the free market, determines what goods should be produced, how much should be produced and the price at which the goods will be offered for sale.

Term
Fiscal policy
Definition

§  : Increasing/decreasing the supply of money. This impacts interest rates.  Central banks. The Fed.

Term
Monetary policy
Definition

§  process by which the monetary authority of a country controls the supply of money, often targeting a rate of interest for the purpose of promoting economic growth and stability

Term
Laws/regulations
Definition
Environment, safety, competition, price controls, etc
Term
Society – demographics
Definition

o   characteristics of human population and population segments (Diversity, aging, two working parents, single parents)

 

Consumer tastes: environmentally conscious, technology, fashion

Term
Interconnected world
Definition

: transitioning toward free enterprise, communication and transportation revolution, and free trade agreements 

Term
Conflict and disruption
Definition
hostility between and among nations, climate, economic policies
Term
State of the Economy 
Definition

o    . (Production or output (GDP), employment (official unemployment rate), purchasing power), contraction or expansion.

Term
Creative destruction
Definition

o    examples: how we watch movies (Netflix), Walmart (barcode thing), container shipping (new way of shipping stuff).

Term
Innovation definition 
Definition

o    Exploiting ideas. Transforming creativity or invention into results through implementation or commercialization.
1)Product/service innovcation
2) Process innovation (Nike's flyknit)

Term
Incremental innovation
Definition
small improvements to products: windows 7
Term
Radical innovation
Definition

o    major change : assembly line, original walkman, ipod/itunes nexus

Term
Disruptive Technology
Definition

§  new ways of doing things that disrupt or overturn the traditional business methods and practices (ie smartphone)

Term
Process innovation 
Definition

§  Nike’s Flyknit as an example of both, but greater excitement about the process part.

Term
Ambiguity
Definition

·         Copyright Criminals and the fair use doctrine: any copying of copyrighted material done for a limited and "transformative" purpose can be done without permission from the owner.

Term
Abuse
Definition

·         thickets of patents”, “patent trolls”, patent war in the smartphone industry and its impact on consumer cost and squandering of company resources.

Term
Government’s role in innovation 
Definition

ü  Create the best possible environment – and then get out of the way, Protecting and facilitating IP, Education, Tax policies, Immigration policies, Open and accessible information (“open innovation”), Financial competence/resources

Term
Characteristics of successful entrepreneurs 
Definition

o    self directed
-self confident and resilient
-action oriented
-highly energetic
-tolerant of uncertainty
-competitive
-passionate

educated, experienced, and motivated to make money

Term
Idea
Definition

o   A thought, conception, or notion that exists in the mind as a product of mental activity.

Term
Opportunity:
Definition

o   A favorable set of circumstances that creates the need/desire for a new product, service or business idea.

Term
The Business Plan
Definition

Executive summary
-management team
-company description
-market analysis
-competitive analysis
-operations plan
-funding request
-financials
-risks
-appendices.

Term
The five sources of funding mentioned in lecture
Definition

Bootstrapping, friends and family (Most prevalent), venture capitalists, angel investors, crowd funding

Term
Lean startup
Definition

o    :  1) startup costs have been reduced through technological advances such as additive manufacturing and cloud computing
2) Get to market quick and get feedback to tweak the product
3) Based on quantitative market feedback you can focus on what matters.

Term
Social entrepreneurship
Definition

o    : A person who pursues an innovative idea with the potential to solve a community or social problem (ex: Toms, give a pair for every pair baught)

Term
Franchisee:
Definition
Purchaser of a franchise
Term
Franchisor
Definition
Company that sells a franchise
Term

ü  Types of franchises 

Definition

ü  1) product distribution franchise:  (ie coca cola)

 

ü  
2) business format franchise:Not only distributes the franchisor’s products, but also implements the franchisor’s format and procedure of conducting the business  (mcdonalds, subway)

Term
Advantages franchisee
Definition
buying name, established market, purchasing power
Term
Disadvantages for franchisee
Definition

ü  high initial fees, loss of flexibility

Term
 Advantages franchisor
Definition
: faster growth, revenue stream
Term
Disadvantages franchisor
Definition
reduced control, profit sharing
Term
Difference between small and big businesses
Definition

ü  ): small business is less complex, tend to be more resource constrained, less personnel specialization (wear many hats), but has much less regulatory burden

Term
Advantages and Disadvantages to running a small business
Definition

ü  Advantages: independence, costs, focus, flexibility, simplified recordkeeping. Disadvantages: undercapitalization, risk of failure, high stress, managerial inexperience or incompetence.

Term
Small Business Administration (SBA) – what it is and what it does
Definition

ü  Government agency that offers managerial and financial assistance to small businesses.

Term
Government’s definition of small business
Definition

ü  Independently owned and operated business that is not dominant in its competitive area and does not employ more than 500 people. More than 99% of U.S. firms are called small businesses.

Term
Small Business and the Economy
Definition

ü  largely responsible for creating jobs and innovation

Term
Sole proprietorship
Definition
Businesses owned and operated by one individual, the most common form of business organization in the U.S.
Term

Partnership

Definition

o    A form of business organization defined by the uniform partnership act as an association of two or more persons who carry on as co-owners of a business for profit

Term
C- Corporation
Definition
: Legal entity, created by the state, who assests and liabilities are separate from its owners
Term
S-Corporation
Definition

o    Smaller firms who operate under slightly different rules and have greater flexibility than do traditional C-corportions. It is taxed as though it were a partnership with restrictions on shareholders.

Term
LLC
Definition
Form of ownership that provides limited liability and taxation like a partnership but places fewer restrictions on members.
Term
Private corporation
Definition

A corporation by just one or a few people who are closely involved in managing the business, not required to disclose financial info publicly.

Term
Public Corporation:
Definition
A corporation whose stock anyone may buy, sell, or trade
Term
Limited liability
Definition
Because the corporation’s assets and liabilities are separate from it’s owners, in most cases the stockholders are not help responsible for the firms debts if it fails. Their liability or potential loss is limited to the amount of their original investment
Term
Mergers
Definition

o    Combination of two companies (usually corporations) to form a new company

Term
Acquisitions
Definition

o    purchase of one company by another, usually by buying its stock

Term
Horizontal merger
Definition

·         When firms that make and sell similar products to the same customers merge. (ex: defense contractors merging together) (However horizontal mergers reduce the number of corporations competing within an industry).

Term
Vertical merger
Definition
When companies operating at different but related levels of an industry merge. (ex: burger king purchasing a potato farm) 
Term
Conglomerate merger
Definition
Two firms in unrelated industries merge
Term
Private Equity
Definition

ü  Investors looking to use their expertise to improve the company and “flip” or sell for a profit.  It’s about maximizing return on investment.

ü  Investors + debt (LBO)

 

ü  Focus on established companies

Term
Explain why innovation is important for both society in general and business in particular
Definition

From a societal standpoint innovation is the engine of progress.  Creative destruction.

 

From a business standpoint it can create competitive advantage, and often is necessary just to stay relevant

Term

1.     Explain the difference between an idea and opportunity.  The opportunity screen discussed in class is designed to get at three issues – what are those three issues?

Definition

Opportunity: A favorable set of circumstances that creates the need/desire for a new product, service or business idea.

Idea: A thought, conception, or notion that exists in the mind as a product of mental activity.

 

The opportunity screen: Is there a market, can I execute, does the math work

Term
Define risk and explain its relationship to reward
Definition
Loss/ damage, probability of loss or damage, uncertainty. If you don’t take risk you don’t get reward
Term
List the five sources of funding for startups mentioned in lecture and briefly define each
Definition

Bootstrapping: using your own money, credit cards, refinancing assets

Friends and Family: They lend you money

Venture capital: Organizations (typically) that agree to provide funding in exchange for a stake, or ownership, in the company.

 Angel investors: individual who provides capital to a startup company, usually affluent individual

 

Crowdfunding: The practice of funding a project or venture by raising many small amounts of money from a large number of people, typically via the Internet.”

Term
Explain how music sampling resembles the innovation process
Definition

It resembles the innovation process because you take things and you transform them into your own

Term
Profit is the primary goal of business.  Why is this? 
Definition

Profit is essential for growth, and for survival of the business

Term

1.     In lecture two answers were provided for the question “What is business?” What were these answers?

Definition

Organization seeking profit (R-C=P) by meeting needs (Maslow).  

 

A collection of stakeholders. Their interaction defines the business

Term
Free Enterprise
Definition
 
 
  1. an economic system in which private business operates in competition and largely free of state control.
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