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Bug Bites, Stings and Pediculosis
wollslager
26
Pharmacology
Graduate
09/04/2012

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Cards

Term
DEET
Definition
N, N-diethyl-M-Toluamide

The best all-purpose repellant. REpellants protect the skin agsint insect bites. Does not kill insects. The volatile repellent, when applied to skin or clothing, releases vapors that tend to discourage the approach of insects
Term
Picaridin
Definition
An alternative to DEET, is being promoted as having less odor and beeing less irritating to skin
Term
Permethrin .5%
Definition
Designed only for use on clothing and camping equipment
Term
IR3535 7.5%
Definition
Up to 2 hours of mosquito repellent less ffective than DEET
Term
lemon eucalyptus oil
Definition
works similar to DEET
Term
list of active ingredients in insect repellant
Definition
DEET, permethrin, picaridin, IR3535, lemon eucalyptus oil
Term
Nondrug measures for managing insect bites
Definition
ice pack, avoid scratching, remove ticks with tweezers, do not wear rough clothing over bite area
Term
preventative measures for bites
Definition
cover as much skin as possible, avoid swamps etc. keep pets free of pests, apply insect repellant, avoid close contact with infected individuals with scabies, use bariers such as window screens and netting, remove standing water from around home
Term
preventative measures for stings
Definition
avoid wearing perfume, control odors in picnic and garbage areas, change children's clothing if it becomes contaminated with summer foods, wear shoes when outdoors, destroy nests of stinging insects near homes
Term
list of local anesthetics
Definition
benzocaine, pramoxine, benzyl alcohol, lidocaine, dibucaine, and phenol
Term
local anesthetics function
Definition
cause a reversible blockade of donduction of nerve impulses at the site of application, thereby producing loss of sensation. phenol exerts topical anesthetic action by depressing cutaneous sensory receptors
Term
list of topical antihistamines
Definition
diphenhydramine hydrochloride in concentrations of .5%-2%
Term
topical antihistamines function
Definition
exert an anesthetic effect by depressing cutaneous receptors thereby relieving pain and itching
Term
counterirritants list
Definition
camphor and methol
Term
function of counterirritants
Definition
depress cutaneous receptors
Term
hydrocortisone
Definition
anti-inflammatory, also vasoconstrictive and immunosuppressive,
Term
skin protectants list
Definition
zinc oxide, calamine, titanium dioxide
Term
skin protectants function
Definition
tend to reduce inflammation and irritation, zinc oxide works as a mild astrigent with weak antiseptic properties. zinc oxide and calamine also absorb fluids from weeping lesions
Term
what info should you obtain to determine if a patient is appropriate for slef care
Definition
symptoms (nature, onset, duration, severity, associated symptoms) anything that makes them feel bettor and those efforts.
patient history-identity, age, sex height, weight, occupation, dietary, sleep, concurrent medical conditions, prescription and nonprescription medications and dietary supplements, allergies, history of other adverse reactions to medications.
assessment and triage-differentiate patient's symptoms and correctly identify the patients primary problems, identify exclusions for self treatment, formulate a comprehensive list of therapeutic alternatitves for the primary problem to determine if a triage to a medical provider is required and share this info with the patient
Term
exclusion for self care for bites
Definition
hypersensitivity to bites resulting in systemic symptoms or symptoms away from bite area, less than two years old, history of tick bite and systemic effects indicating possible infection, sustpected spider bite, signs of secondary infection of bite area
Term
exclusions for self care for stings
Definition
hives, excessive swelling, diziness, nausea, vomiting difficulty breathing, significant allergic response away from sting, previous sting by honeybee, wasp or hornet, previous severe reaction, personal family history of significant allergic reaction ex. hay fever, less than two years old
Term
pharmacologic therapies with rational
Definition
depends if an insect bite or sting and the symptoms
Term
nonpharmacologic therapies with rationale
Definition
preventative measures and measures that will effectively reduce symptoms
Term
dosing and administration
Definition
depends on the duration of infested location, age and underlying complications
Term
potential side effects and how to manage them
Definition
correct usage of medication to limit side effects
Term
monitoring efficacy and toxicity
Definition
for a typical topical applications if the symptoms persist after seven days seek medical attention, for lice if symptoms still persist after second treatment then seek medical help
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