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BU398 Chapter 02
N/AStrategy, Organizational Design and Effectiveness
23
Business
Undergraduate 3
06/02/2014

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Term
Competing-values model
Definition
- Balance various aspects of the organization instead of just focusing on one, incorporate various metrics
- Map on axis of structure (flexibility/control) vs Focus (internal/external)

Sectors
- Human Relations Emphasis (flex+in)
- Open system Emphasis (flex+ext)
- Internal Process Emphasis (control + in)
- Rational Goal Emphasis (control + ext)
Term
Analyzer
Definition
Miles Snow Strategy - maintain stable core business while also kind of targeting newer sectors with possible growth focused on innovation
Term
Defender
Definition
- Concerned with stability or even retrenchment
- Attempts to hold onto current market position/share
- Concerned with efficiency and control
Term
Focus Strategy
Definition
Concentrating a specific regional market or buyer group and achieve low cost leadership or differentiation there
Term
Goal Approach
Definition
Focus on what outputs the organization has produced
- Indicators: Operative goals
- Easy to measure outputs, but generally no one cohesive metric and difficult to balance conflicting goals or metrics
Term
Human Relations Emphasis
Definition
In the Competing-values Model, for a flexible, internal emphasis
- Focus on HR development, cohesion, morale, training
Term
Internal process approach
Definition
- Focuses on internal health and efficiency

7 Indicators
1. Culture
2. Team spirit
3. Confidence, trust and communication
4. Decision making near information
5. Undistorted horizontal and vertical communication
6. Consistent and effective rewards
7. Interaction and good conflict resolution

Good internal processes are correlated with but not always causing efficient outputs
Term
Internal Process emphasis
Definition
In the Competing-values Model, for a controlled, internal emphasis
- Focus on stability and equilibrium, information management and communication
Term
Low cost leadership strategy
Definition
- Tries to increase market share through low prices, so it aggressively seeks efficiency and control.
- More stability focused than innovation
Term
mission
Definition
Closely related to company's official goals
- define business operations and focuses on values, markets and customers that distinguish the organization
- What the organization is trying to achieve
- communication tool
Term
Official goals
Definition
- Broad strokes of what the organization is trying to achieve, in terms of values, profit, performance, etc.
- See Mission
Term
Open-Systems emphasis
Definition
In the Competing-values Model, for a flexible, external emphasis
- Focus on Growth and resource acquisition, flexibility, readiness and external evaluation
Term
Operative goals
Definition
- quantify the overall performance sought for using the official goals as guidance
- Usually in the short run
Term
Prospector
Definition
Seeks to innovate, take risks, find new opportunities and grow, suited for an dynamic environment
Term
Rational goal emphasis
Definition
In the Competing-values Model, for a controlled, external emphasis
- Focus on productivity, efficiency, profit, planning and goal setting
Term
Reactor Strategy
Definition
Respond to environment in ad-hoc manner (without a set plan or strategy)
- Usually leads to failed companies
Term
Resource Based Approach
Definition
- Assumes that an organization must be efficient (use inputs well to generate more outputs) to be effective (reach organizational goals) thus measures resource use and efficiency
- Indicators: bargaining position, efficiency measures, the ability to respond to environmental changes
Term
Strategy
Definition
- Plan for interacting with competitive environment to acheive organizational goals
- Vs. Goals: goals are where the organization wants to be vs strategy is how to get there
Term
structure
Definition
- Fluid and flexible with strong horizontal coordination? (According to textbook)
- That doesn't make any sense... think that only applies to differentiator
- Reporting relationships and workflow in the organization
Term
Porter's Competitive Strategies
Definition
-Measured on axis of how focused companies are and how differentiated they are (competitive scope and competitive advantage)

Strategies
- Low cost leadership (Walmart)
- Differentiation (Bullfrog Power)
- Focused low cost leadership (WestJet)
- Focused differentiation (Four Seasons Hotels)
Term
Differentiation
Definition
- Focus on providing something unique, like distinctive or new product features, excellent service, or advertising
- customers are not so price conscious, and there's less industry rivalry, but can be expensive
Term
Contingency Effectiveness Approaches
Definition
How to measure company effectiveness
-> Resource based approach (inputs)
-> Internal-process approach (organizations)
-> Goal Approach (results and outputs)
Term
Organizational Effectiveness
Definition
How well an organization achieves its goals - can be hard to quantify or measure goals and thus effectiveness
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