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BSS ES11 CH 8-12 VOCAB
Chapter 8
21
Science
11th Grade
12/10/2008

Additional Science Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

Carbonic Acid

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Definition

 a weak acid known only in solution; formed when carbon dioxide combines with water

Term

Chemical Weathering

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Definition

Chemical weathering  is the process by which rocks are decomposed, dissolved or loosened by chemical processes to form residual materials.

Term

Creep

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Definition
the tendency of a solid material to slowly move or deform permanently under the influence of stresses (deformation)
Term

Erosion

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Definition
 The wearing away of the earth's surface by any natural process. The chief agent of erosion is running water; minor agents are glaciers, the wind,and waves breaking against the coast.
Term

Exfoliation

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Definition
The scaling off of a bone, a rock, or a mineral, etc.; the state of being exfoliated.
Term

Hydrolysis 

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Definition
 A chemical process involving the addition of the elements of water.
Term

Ice Wedging

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Definition
When water infiltrates fractures in rock and freezes, the force of expansion is great enough to break the rock into smaller pieces.
Term

Landslide

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Definition
A slide of a large mass of dirt and rock down a mountain or cliff.
Term

Mass Movement

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Definition
 Mass movement is the down slope movement of earth materials under the influence of gravity.
Term

Mechanical Weathering

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Definition
Mechanical weathering takes place when rocks are broken down without any change in the chemical nature of the rocks.
Term

Mudflow

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Definition
It is a rapid movement of a large mass of mud formed from loose earth and water.
Term

Oxidation

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Definition
the process of oxidizing; the addition of oxygen to a compound with a loss of electrons; always occurs accompanied by reduction
Term

Parent Material

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Definition
the underlying geological material (generally bedrock or a superficial or drift deposit) in which soil horizons form.
Term

Residual Soil

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Definition
The soil that is remaining after the soluble elements have been dissolved
Term

Soil

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Definition
Soil is the naturally occurring, unconsolidated or loose covering on the Earth's surface.
Term

Soil Erosion

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Definition
The washing away of soil.
Term

Soil Profile

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Definition
a vertical section of soil from the ground surface to the parent rock
Term

Subsoil

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Definition
Subsoil (also called substrata) is the layer of soil under the topsoil on the surface of the ground. The subsoil may include substances such as clay and has only been partially broken down by air, sunlight, water etc., to produce true soil.
Term

Topsoil

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Definition
Topsoil is the upper, outermost layer of soil, usually the top 2 to 8 inches. It has the highest concentration of organic matter and microorganisms and is where most of the Earth's biological soil activity occurs.
Term

Transported Soil

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Definition
  If the soil forms from material that was transported to the location by erosion, it is transported soil.
Term

Weathering

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Definition
Weathering is the decomposition of earth rocks, soil and their minerals through direct contact with the planet's atmosphere.
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