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BSS Chapter 12 Vocab
Effects of winds, waves, and currents
26
Science
11th Grade
01/02/2009

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Term
atoll[image]
Definition
a ring-shaped coral reef or a string of closely spaced small coral islands, enclosing or nearly enclosing a shallow lagoon.
Term
backwash[image]
Definition
 the water that rolls back down a beach after a wave has broken.
Term
barrier island[image]
Definition

A long, relatively narrow island running parallel to the mainland, built up by the action of waves and currents and serving to protect the coast from erosion by surf and tidal surges.

Term
barrier reef[image]
Definition
a long coral reef near and parallel to the shore.
Term
beach[image]
Definition
an expanse of sand or pebbles along a shore.
Term
blowouts[image]
Definition
a hollow formed in a region of shifting sands or light soil by the action of the wind.
Term
corals[image]
Definition
 rocklike deposit consisting of the calcareous skeletons secreted by various anthozoans. Coral deposits often accumulate to form reefs or islands in warm seas.
Term
deflation[image]
Definition
the erosion of sand, soil, etc., by the action of the wind.
Term
desert pavement[image]
Definition
A desert pavement is a desert surface that is covered with closely packed, interlocking angular or rounded rock fragments of pebble and cobble size.
Term
dust storm[image]
Definition
A dust storm or sandstorm is a meteorological phenomenon common in arid and semi-arid regions and arises when a gust front passes or when the wind force exceeds the threshold value where loose sand and dust are removed from the dry surface.
Term
fetch[image]
Definition
an area where ocean waves are being generated by the wind.
Term
fiord[image]
Definition
 long, narrow, deep inlet of the sea between steep slopes.
Term
fringing reef[image]
Definition
a coral reef close to and along the land.
Term
lagoon[image]
Definition
an area of shallow water separated from the sea by low sandy dunes.
Term

loess[image]

Definition
a loamy deposit formed by wind, usually yellowish and calcareous, common in the Mississippi Valley and in Europe and Asia.
Term
longshore current[image]
Definition
A current found along the coast that flows parallel to the beach.
Term
period[image]
Definition
the basic unit of geologic time, during which a standard rock system is formed: comprising two or more epochs and included with other periods in an era.
Term
refraction[image]
Definition
the change in direction of a propagating wave (light or sound) when passing from one medium to another.
Term
rip current[image]
Definition
A strong, narrow surface current that flows rapidly away from the shore, returning the water carried landward by waves. Also called rip tide, tiderip.
Term
sandbar wave height[image]
Definition
Onshore sediment transport and sandbar migration are important to the morphological evolution of beaches but are not well understood.
Term
sea cliff[image]
Definition
An erosional landform, produced by wave action, which is either at the seaward edge of the coast or at the landward side of a wave-cut platform and which denotes the inner limit of the beach erosion.
Term

swash[image]

Definition
to splash, as things in water, or as water does: Waves were swashing against the piers.
Term
tsunami[image]
Definition
an unusually large sea wave produced by a seaquake or undersea volcanic eruption.
Term
ventifact[image]
Definition
a pebble or cobble that has been faceted, grooved, and polished by the erosive action of wind-driven sand.
Term
wavelength[image]
Definition
the distance, measured in the direction of propagation of a wave, between two successive points in the wave that are characterized by the same phase of oscillation.
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