Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Brass Tech Final
Everything you need for BT
66
Music
Undergraduate 2
05/03/2009

Additional Music Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Trumpet is pitched/ transposed
Definition
in B-flat and transposed a M2 down.
Term
Differences between cornet and trumpet:
Definition

Bore Construction (Cornet-conical, Trumpet-cylindrical)

Cornet has a darker, more mellow tone

Term
Advantages of starting a student on Cornet
Definition
Maybe easier to hold
Term
students who should not play trumpet
Definition

-Students who have a large overbite

-students with braces

-students with a teardrop lips

Term
pinky ring
Definition
Little finger should be placed atop it
Term
fingertips
Definition
should be touching the valve stem covers
Term
right hand placement
Definition
Right hand thumb should be under the lead pipe between the first and second valve casing.
Term
correct trumpet embouchure
Definition

Oral cavity should be relaxed

-Jaw muscles should be firm and flat

-MP should be centered over the apeture 

Term
Bottom Lip rolled
Definition
Rolling the borrom lip in too far will cause endurance problems and problems in the upper range.  It can be easily diagnosed by looking at the student's lower lip while playing
Term
signs of too much MP pressure
Definition

-Excessive redness

-Circular indentions

-small abrasions inside the lip

Term
Intonation tendencies of Valve combinations
Definition

1-slightly sharp

12-moderately sharp

13-very sharp

123-very sharp

23-slightly flat

3-moderately flat

Term
Trumpet vibrato
Definition

-Hand:Hand vibrato is created by a slight movement of the right hand against the valves, usually in a slow, rhythmic motion

-Jaw or Lip Vibrato: is a combined movement of lip and jaw.  Jaw is moving as if saying "yah-yah" while keeping the throat and tongue relexed.

Term
Trumpet Lip trills
Definition
Used in the upper register where overtones are close together; the chake is a variation.  The right hand rocks back and forth to widen the lip trill.
Term
trumpet Glissandos
Definition
Drop and Doit are all performed with the valves partially depressed
Term
Beginning and Advanced Trumpets
Definition

B: Getzen 390 no thumb

A: Stradavarius 180 series

Term
Trumpet MPs
Definition
Bach 3C, 5C,7C; Schilke 11, 12, 14a4; Yamaha 11C4, 15, 16C4
Term
trumpet Mutes
Definition

Vincent Bach-straight

Harmon-wah wah

Himes and Berg-cup

Term
Cleaning a trumpet
Definition

-Remove all slides and valve caps and soak

-remove vavles, set aside, soak body

-Dip valves enough to cover valve but not wet the fet pads; rinse carefully and dry

-Run snake down the tubes of the bell and spend time on the lead pipe.  Clean the valve casings with a piece of cheesecloth around a cleaning rod very carefully

-Reassemble-valves first- handle by stems on cap, coat each valce with oil.  Grease slides with small amount.  Spread with fingers

Term
Trumpet performers
Definition
Maurice Andre; David Hickman, Ni Klaseklund
Term
Tenor Trombone
Definition
the basic trombone and choice for beginners.  It is a cylindrical brass instrument, pitch in B-flat
Term
Alto Trombone
Definition
Highest pitch of all trombones.  It is usually pitched in E-flat.  The bore, bell and mouthpiece are smaller than a tenor and it produces a lighter sound.  IT is best left to advanced players
Term
Valve Trombone
Definition
Shaped like a slide trombone, but the slight does not change the pitch.  It has three valves that are used instead of the slide.  Used more often by Euphonium, baritone or tuba players when their own instrument would be unsuitable.  It cannot adjust intonation problems that happen with valves.
Term
Should a beginner start on Bass Bone?
Definition
No.  The nature of the instruments and its range, timbre and specific literature demand a specialist
Term
selection of Tbone students
Definition
Should be able to match pitches or sing melodies in tune
Term
Basic trombone articulation
Definition
Tongue is slightly more forward, with the tip touching the back of the upper teeth.  Tongue should be as relaxed as possible.  Motion should be decribed as up and down and not back and forth.  Syllables best used are "toe" and "taw" because they allow the jaw to be lower and thus the oral cavity is larger.
Term
Double Tonguing-Bone
Definition
Produced with a "tuh-kuh" syllable, with the "kuh" being articulated further back in the mouth
Term
Legato Tonguing-Bone
Definition
Continuous airflow, slide must move quickly and exactly in rhythm, slide movement must be smooth; articulate with "doe," "daw" "noe" or "nah"
Term
Lip or Jaw Vibrato-Bone
Definition
Most often used.  Pulsations in intensity are added to the tone by slight fluxuations in the lips or jaw as if saying "woe-woe-woe"
Term
Back and Forth Vibrato
Definition
Motion of slide will create pitch change vibrato.  Used cautiously in "classical" settings, it is the vibrato used most often in commercial and jazz settings.
Term
Third type of Bone Vibs
Definition
Involves pulsations of the airstream as if pronouncing "ho-ho-ho".  it is difficult to learn and is best left to advanced player.
Term
Bone lip-trills
Definition
created by rapid back-and-forth lip slurs betweem adjacent notes in the overtones series
Term
Beginning Bones
Definition
always small bore instruments.  Built for sturdiness rather than craftsmanship
Term
Pro-quality smallbore trombones
Definition
used by advanced players in commercial or jazz settings.  It produces a brighter, lighter sound
Term
mediumbore-bones
Definition
used by advanced high school students as a stepping stone onto the large bore trombone
Term
large bore trombones
Definition
choice for advanced students and professionals.  Used in orchestral band, solo and chamber ensemble playing.  It is often equipped with an F attachment
Term
Bass Bones
Definition
LArge tenor trombone; can access lower notes and have a deeper and darker tone.  Bass trombones are always equipped with an f attachment and often have a 2nd valve tuned to e,e-flat or d.  Most who choose to play bass trombone end up becoming specialists because of its particular playing characteristics and sound
Term
reccommended bones
Definition

Beg: Getzen 351

ProSB:Bach 12, 16 or 16M

ProMB: Bach 36

ProLB: Bach 42

Bass:Bach 50B

Term
Attachment purposes
Definition

extension of range-when engaged the trombonist has the F overtone in first position; E in lowered 2nd; E-flat in Lowered 3rd.  It continues through C

Technique-Awkward slide positioning is easier with the F attachment

Special Effects-Some trills and other effects can be executed with the F attachment

Term
Cleaning trombone
Definition

Fill tub with warm water

-disassemble

-remove all slides

-soak all parts

-use flexible snake to clean unner parts

-flush all other parts, bell, tuning slide, etc. using faucet

-dry everything, relubricate and assemble

Term
oiling/greasing slide
Definition

Remove hand slide

-wipe of outter part of the inner slide

-apply a small amount of oik or silicone cream to the outer part of the inner slide

-if using oil, replace the hand slide

-if using cream, spread evenly over the stockings

spray the inner slides with water

replace hand slide and work it back and forth

reapply water and remove excess cream

Term
reccommended Bone artists
Definition
Carl Linthe, Charles Vernon and Ian McDougall
Term
Euphoniums are pitched
Definition
B-flat
Term
General characteristics of a Euph
Definition

Euphoniums are large bore instruments with large, upright bells

-are european or japanese made professional quality instruments

-will have 4 valves

-do not have reversible main tuning slide

Term
Euphonium Embouchure problems
Definition
Common tendency is for the bottom lip to protrude too far into the mouthpiece, causing the air to be blown upward.  IT can be very limiting and should be monitered carefully
Term
Bell front vs bell up
Definition
Bell fronts are better suited for marching band while bell up horns are better suited for solor and concert ensemble settings. 
Term
reccommended baritones/euphs
Definition

Bari:bach 1566

Euphs-BEsson 967

Term
reccommended mouthpieces
Definition

Beg: Bach 11

Int: Bach 6 1/2 AL

Term
compensating system
Definition

an attempt to alleviate the intonation problems of valves used in combination when the fourth valve is pressed, air is sent through a shorter set of tubing that adds the lengths needed to lower the sharp combinations.  It also allows the complete chromatic range below E to B-flat below the staff.  

Notes: Low B,C,C# and D

Term
reccommended performers
Definition
Lyndon baglin, fred dart, leonard falcone
Term
Pitch and transposition of Tuba
Definition
B-flat (BB-flat)
Term
Professional Choice Tuba
Definition
The CC tuba is choic for professional tubas because it's built for responsiveness, not durability and because the fingering patterns are easier in the sharp keys when played on this type of tuba
Term
Cylindrical or Conical (Tuba)
Definition
Conical
Term
what is a sousaphone?
Definition
A Sousaphone is a form of Tuba built for ease of carrying in MArching situations
Term
Best to transfer to tuba
Definition

Sax, Percussion, or horn transfers will work well because the characteristics of the sax embouchure bear enough similarities to tuba that the student will be able to adjust fairly quickly; because percussionists have no previous embouchure to change but can already read music; because a horn covers a large range and the concepts for low horn are similar to tuba

Transfers from trombone and euph work well also because they have similar embouchures

Term
Who not to transfer to tuba
Definition

the transfer from trumpet to tuba do not work well beacuse the trumpet embouchure is considerably tighter abd nire rigid; the oral cavity is smaller, the tongue placement is higher and the airstream is more focused.

The transfer from dbl reedsor clarinets is not reccommended either because the lips are rolled back over teeth and the airflow is highly compressed

Term
Height or Size problems (tuba students)
Definition
if the student cannot reach the tuba, they can sit on a book.  If the student is too tall it may be necessary to rest the tuba on their lap.  THere are devices made to help with holding the tuba, such as a stewart stand and they can work well if they do not rigidly hold the tuba
Term
what is pivoting
Definition
pivoting helps heep equal pressure on the embouchure as the lower jave moves forward and backward to allow the lower jaw to move forward so the lower lip is accentuated for the lower register.  They head needs to slightly tilt downward.  For the upper register, leaning forward slightly will allow the jaw to move backward.  This techniqu can be used as an aid if the student is having difficulties with the low register.
Term
Problem with tuba embouchures
Definition

-smile embouchure-ends up restricting airstream and creates a harsh, nasal sound

-Roll the lower lip over teeth-causes problems in the lower range and gives upper rang a harsh, unfocused sound.

-Puffed out cheeks

-tucked lower lips

Term
"Puffing the air," articulating with the throat, articulating with the lip
Definition

-excessive expulsion of air occurs at the beginning of each new note.  This habit will restrict smoothness and facility

-Has a softer attack than the basic attack, so its easy to hide from the instructor

-similar to throat articulation, students will make the "poe" syllable

Term
fourth valve(tuba)
Definition
IT is built so that the tuba can play chromatically down, below a low E.  It is used as an alternate fingering to 1,3 valve combination.  It also helps keep notes below low E to be better in tune
Term
Diaphram and jaw vibrato (tuba)
Definition
the latter is successful as long as the student doesn't raise their tongue or close their throat.
Term
transposition of Tuba
Definition
Transposition of treble clef E-flat...read it in bass clef and add three flats
Term
tubas and MPs
Definition

Besson 797, Conn 5j, BEsson 997

MPs-Bach 32, Bach 18, Yamaha 18, Helleberg 1205

Term
Tuba performers
Definition
Roger Bobo, Velvet Brown, Floyd Coley
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