Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Brain and Cranial Nerves
Chapter 10
48
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
03/14/2008

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
  1. The brain arises from what part of the neural tube?
  2. In what week does this happen?
  3. How does this happen?
Definition
  1. Rostral
  2. Week 4
  3. Constricts at two points to form 3 primary brina vesicles
Term

What are the 3 primary brain vesicles found first in an embryo?

 

What part of this early brain do they become?

Definition
  1. Prosencephalon - forebrain
  2. Mesencephalon - midbrain
  3. Rhombencephalon - hindbrain
Term
What week does the brain divide and form the secondary vesicles?
Definition
Week 5
Term

What sections of the embryonic brain divide?

 

What are the 5 sections of the embryonic second division?

 

tel di mes met mye

Definition
  1. Prosecephalon - telencephalon, diencephalon
  2. Mesecephalon - Mesencephalon
  3. Rhombencephalon - mentencephalon, myelencephalon
Term

What do these embryonic divisions of the brain become in the adult brain?

 

 

tel di mes met my

Can Eggs, Toast and Ham make party crazy men obese?

 

Definition
  1. Telencephalon - cerebrum - Can
  2. Diencephalon - Epithalmus, Thalmus, Hypothalmus - Eggs, Toast & Ham
  3. Mesencephalon - Midbrain - Make
  4. Metencephalon - Pons, Cerebellum -Party Crazy
  5. Myelencehpalon - Medulla Oblongata - Men obese?
Term

What do the ear-like appendages of the telencephalon become?

 

What do the small appendages from the diencephalon become?

Definition
  1. left and right cerebral hemispheres 
  2. the retina of the eye
Term
In week 26, the cerebrum begins to make several folds and creases, what does this accomplish?
Definition

Increases the surface area of the cerebrum.

Brain can fit more neurons = more connections

Term

What are the functions of the Cranial Meninges?

 

 

What are the three kinds?

Definition
  1. Separate brain from skull
  2. Enclose and protect vlood vessels supplying brain
  3. Contain and circulate cerebrospinal fluid

Pia mater, Arachnoid mater, Dura Mater

Term

What are the three benifits of CSF?

 

 

Where is CSF produced?

Definition
  1. Buoyancy - reduces brain weight by 95%
  2. Protection - provides liquid cushion
  3. Environmental stability - transports chemical messengers and removes waste.

 

Produced in the choroid plexuses

Term
What can happen to brain in sever dehydration?
Definition
  1. Cerebral Spinal fluid levels decrease until brain sinks in skull
  2. Brain can be damaged by sharp objects on the skull - permanent.
Term
What are the four levels of organization in the brain?
Definition
  1. Cerebrum
  2. Diencephalon
  3. Cerebellum
  4. Brain Stem
Term
What are the 5 lobes of the cerebrum and what do they control?
Definition
  1. Frontal - Personality, reasoning, right/wrong
  2. Parietal - Interpret and process sensory info
  3. Occipital - vision
  4. Temporal - hearing  and balance
  5. Insula - Memory and emotion
Term
What do the two sides of the brain generally specialize in?
Definition
  1. Left Brain - Logic, Math and Science
  2. Right Brain - Spacial Skills, Colors, Creativity
Term

What is Gray matter?

 

What is White Matter?

 

What accounts for the large surface area of the brain?

 

Definition
  1. Cortex of the cerebral Hemisphere - houses motor neurons cell bodies
  2. houses myelinated axons
  3. Gyri and Sulci
Term

Where is the Motor area of the brain?

 

Where is the Sensory area of the brain?

 

What are association areas of the brain?

Definition
  1. Precentral gyrus - just like the motor/efferent nerves come out of the anterior/ventral side of the spinal cord the motor area is in front of the central sulcus
  2. Post central gyrus - Just like the sensory/afferent nerves go into the back/dorsal side of the spinal cord, the sensory area is in back of the central sulcus
  3. All cortical regions other than primary sensory and motor areas.
Term

What is a homunculus?

 

What areas are abnormally large on a homunculus?

Definition

Somotopy - a map

Point by point correspondence between a body area and the CNS.

 

  1. Motor side - Hand, tongue, face
  2. Sensory side - hand, mouth, tongue

 

Term
What are Brodmann Areas?
Definition
Map of areas on cortex where certain functions occur.
Term

What is contained in Cerebral White matter?

(2)

Definition
  1. Contains the myelinated axons of CNS neurons.
  2. Most of the axons are grouped into bundles called tracts
Term
What are the three types of tracts of the Central or Cerebral White Matter?
Definition
  1. Association Tracts
  2. Commissural Tracts
  3. Projection Tracts
Term
What are Association tracts?
Definition

They connect separate cortical areas within the same hemisphere.

Term
What are Commissural Tracts?
Definition
  1. Connect corresponding lobes of right and left hemispheres

   example: Corpus Callosum

Term
What are Projection Tracts?
Definition

Connect cerebra cortex to spinal cord and other lower brain structures

 

Runs vertically - convey sensory and motor information.

Term

What tracts connect spinal chord and brain?

What tracts connect the lobes of the right and left hemisphere?

 

What tracts connect separate cotrical areas within the same hemisphere?

Definition
  1. Projection Tracts
  2. Commissural Tracts
  3. Association Tracts
Term

Where is the diencephalon?

 

What does it do?

 

What is it composed of?

 

Definition
  1. Encloses the 3rd ventricle and connects the cerebral hemispheres to the brain stem.
  2. Provides the relay and switching centers for some sensory and motor pathways and for control of visceral activities.
  3. Composed primarily of gray matter (cell body)
Term

What is located in the Diencphalon?

 

What section of the preembryonic brain did it come from?

Definition
  1. Thalamus
  2. Epithalamus
  3. Hypothalmus

 

Prosencephlon

Term

Epithalmus

(3)

Definition
  1. Forms posterior roof of diencephalon and covers the 3rd ventricle.
  2. Pineal gland
  3. Habenular nuclei
Term

Pineal Gland

 

 

Definition
  1. Secretes Melatonin which regulates circadian rhythms - sleep cycles
  2. Stimulated by light
Term

Habenular Nuclei

(1)

Definition
  1. Relays signals from the limbic system to the mesencephalon and are involved in viceral and emotional reponses to odors.
Term

Thalamus

(2)

Definition
  1. Lie on either side of the 3rd ventricle
  2. Principle relaty point for sensory and motor information into cerebrum
Term

Hypothalamus

(3)

 

BEETSHAM

Definition

B-ehavior

E-ndocrine

E-motion

T-emperature control

S-leep/wake cycles

H-ungar/Thirst

A-utonomic Control

M-emory

 

  1. Is the Endocrine Control Center
  2. Secretes Regulatory Hormones
  3. Controls ANS stimulation of Adrenal Medulla
Term
What Hormones does the Hypothalamus secrete?
Definition
  1. Oxytocin
  2. ADH - antidiruetic hormone

 

These are made in the hypthalamus and stored in the posterior pituatary gland

Term
Crater Willie Syndrom
Definition
  1. Born with this disorder of the Hypothalamus
  2. Painfully hungary all the time
  3. Will eat themselves to death - institutionalized
  4. Can't control behavior
  5. Usually attain a first grade reading level
Term

Cerebellum

(4)

Definition

Smoothe and coordinates body movements via:

  1. Information on equilibrium and posture
  2. Invormation of current movements
  3. Proprioception - where body is in space
Term
Proprioception
Definition
A sense or preception usually at a subconscious level of the movements and positon of the body and especially the limbs, independent of vision.  This comes from nerve terminals in muscle(muscle spindles), tendons and fibrous capsules of joints.
Term

Brain Stem

 

What embryonic component does this come from?

Definition

Mesencephalon

Pons

Medulla oblongata

  1. Bi-directional passsageway between cerebrum and spinal cord
  2. Contains many autonomic and reflex cetners essential for survival.

Mesencphalon, Metencephalon, and Myelencephalon.

Term

Medulla Oblongata

 

 

VCR

Definition
  1. Point of Attachment for cranial 4 cranieal  nerves: Glossopharyngeal, Vagus, Hyposlossal, and Accessory
  2. Regulates couging, sneezing, gagging, vomiting
  3. Contains 3 regulatory centers:
  • V - Vasomotor Center
  • C - Cardiac Center
  • R - Respiratory Center
  •  

     

    Term

    CN I

    Definition

    Olfactory Nerve

    Sensory - Smell

     

    Location - For-brain by Crista Galea

    Term
    CN II
    Definition

    Optic Nerve

     

    Sensory - Vision

     

    Location- Anterior to Optic Chisam

     

    Term
    CN III
    Definition

    Oculomotor

    Moves Eye

     

    Somatic -  all the eye muscles surrounding the eye except the superior oblique

    Parasympathetic Motor - constricts pupil contracts cillary muscles to enhance near vision.

     

    Location - Comes off Pons over optic tract

     

    Term
    CN IV
    Definition

    Trochlear

     

    Superior oblique eye muscle - Moves eye

     

    Location - Seat belt to the "troll"

                   @ side of the pons in front of Tri - gem

    Term
    CN V
    Definition

    Trigeminal

     

    3 divisions

    • Ophalmic Division
    • Maxillary Division
    • Mandibular Division

    Location - Posterior side of Pons - Large nerve

    Term
    CN VI
    Definition

    Abducens

     

    Lateral Eye rectus movement

    Location - Suspenders on Troll

    Term
    CN VII
    Definition

    Facial Nerve

     

    Taste to Anterior 2/3 of tongue

    Facial Expression

     

    Location:  Beside Abducens on the Pons

    Term
    CN VIII
    Definition

    Vestibulocochlear

     

    Hearing and Balance

    Location - beside Facial nerve - top and side of Pons

    Term
    CN IX
    Definition

    Glossaopharyngeal

     

    Touch and taste to posterior 1/3 of tongue

    Location - First nerve on lower medulla oblongotta after vestibulocochlear nerve.

     

    Term
    CN X
    Definition

    Vegus Nerve

    Parasympathetic stimulation of Heart, Lungs and abdominal vicera

     

    Location - Lower Medulla oblongata after glosso.. nerve - large

    Term
    CN XI
    Definition

    Accessory Nerve

     

    Trapezius muscle, Sternocliedomastoid muscle

     

     Location: Stem part of the Medula oblongata on the superior region - lots of little nerves 

    Term
    CN XII
    Definition

    Hypoglossal Nerve

     

    Moves tongue

    Locaton - Top of Medulla Oblongotta, superior and inbetween Glosso.. and vagus nerve.

    Supporting users have an ad free experience!