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BP Chapter 15
Emotions, Aggression, and Stress
44
Biology
Undergraduate 3
12/08/2013

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Term
adaptation stage
Definition
The second stage in the stress response, including successful activation of the appropriate response systems and the reestablishment of homeostatic balance.
Term
adrenal cortex
Definition
The outer rind of the adrenal gland.
Term
adrenal medulla
Definition
The inner core of the adrenal gland, which secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.
Term
adrenal steroids
Definition
Steroid hormones secreted by the adrenal cortex, including glucocorticoids such as cortisol, and mineral corticoids such as aldosterone.
Term
alarm reaction
Definition
The initial response to stress.
Term
amygdala
Definition
A group of nuclei in the medial anterior part of the temporal lobe.
Term
antibody
Definition
A large protein that recognizes and permanently binds to particular shapes, normally as part of the immune system attack on foreign particles.
Term
B lymphocyte
Definition
An immune system cell, formed in the bone marrow (hence the B), that mediates humoral immunity such as antibodies.
Term
Bell’s palsy
Definition
A disorder, usually caused by viral infection, in which the facial nerve on one side stops conducting action potentials, resulting in paralysis on one side of the face.
Term
brain self-stimulation
Definition
The process in which animals will work to provide electrical stimulation to particular brain sites, presumably because the experience is very rewarding.
Term
Cannon-Bard theory
Definition
The theory that our experience of emotion is independent of the simultaneous physiological changes that accompany it.
Term
cognitive attribution model
Definition
The theory that our emotional experience results from cognitive analysis of the context around us, so that physiological changes may accentuate emotions, but not specify which emotion we experience.
Term
cortisol
Definition
A glucocorticoid stress hormone of the adrenal cortex.
Term
cytokine
Definition
A protein that induces the proliferation of other cells, as in the immune system. Examples include interleukins and interferons.
Term
decorticate rage
Definition
Sudden intense rage characterized by actions (such as snarling and biting in dogs) that lack clear direction.
Term
emotion
Definition
A subjective mental state that is usually accompanied by distinctive behaviors and involuntary physiological changes.
Term
emotional dyscontrol syndrome
Definition
A condition consisting of temporal lobe disorders that may underlie some forms of human violence.
Term
epigenetic regulation
Definition
Process affecting the expression of a particular gene or genes, without affecting the sequence of nucleotides making up the gene itself.
Term
epinephrine
Definition
A compound that acts both as a hormone (secreted by the adrenal medulla under the control of the sympathetic nervous system) and as a synaptic transmitter.
Term
evolutionary psychology
Definition
A field devoted to asking how natural selection has shaped behavior in humans and other animals.
Term
exhaustion stage
Definition
A stage in the response to stress that is caused by prolonged or frequently repeated stress and is characterized by increased susceptibility to disease.
Term
facial feedback hypothesis
Definition
The hypothesis that our emotional experience is affected by the sensory feedback we receive during particular facial expressions, like smiling.
Term
facial nerve
Definition
The seventh cranial nerve, receiving information from the face and controlling the superficial muscles there.
Term
fear conditioning
Definition
A form of learning in which fear comes to be associated with a previously neutral stimulus.
Term
health psychology
Definition
A field that studies psychological influences on health-related processes, such as why people become ill or how they remain healthy.
Term
individual response stereotypy
Definition
The tendency of individuals to show the same response pattern to particular situations throughout their life span.
Term
intermale aggression
Definition
Aggression between males of the same species.
Term
James-Lange theory
Definition
The theory that our experience of emotion is a response to the physiological changes that accompany it.
Term
Klüver-Bucy syndrome
Definition
A condition, brought about by bilateral amygdala damage, that is characterized by dramatic emotional changes including reduction in fear and anxiety.
Term
limbic system
Definition
A loosely defined, widespread group of brain nuclei that innervate each other to form a network. These nuclei are implicated in emotions.
Term
medial forebrain bundle
Definition
A collection of axons traveling in the midline region of the forebrain.
Term
norepinephrine (NE)
Definition
A neurotransmitter produced and released by sympathetic postganglionic neurons to accelerate organ activity. Also produced in the brainstem and found in projections throughout the brain. Here, a hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla under the control of the sympathetic nervous system, which prepares the body for action.
Term
Papez circuit
Definition
A group of brain regions within the limbic system.
Term
parasympathetic nervous system
Definition
A component of the autonomic nervous system that arises from both the cranial nerves and the sacral spinal cord.
Term
phagocyte
Definition
An immune system cell that engulfs invading molecules or microbes.
Term
polygraph
Definition
A device that measures several bodily responses, such as heart rate and blood pressure.
Term
psychoneuroimmunology
Definition
The study of the immune system and its interaction with the nervous system and behavior.
Term
psychopath
Definition
An individual incapable of experiencing remorse.
Term
psychosomatic medicine
Definition
A field of study that emphasizes the role of psychological factors in disease.
Term
stress
Definition
Any circumstance that upsets homeostatic balance. Examples include exposure to extreme cold or heat or an array of threatening psychological states.
Term
stress immunization
Definition
The concept that mild stress early in life makes an individual better able to handle stress later in life.
Term
sympathetic nervous system
Definition
A component of the autonomic nervous system that arises from the thoracic and lumbar spinal cord.
Term
T lymphocyte
Definition
An immune system cell, formed in the thymus (hence the T), that attacks foreign microbes or tissue; “killer cell.”
Term
trigeminial nerve
Definition
The fifth cranial nerve, receiving information from the face and controlling jaw musculature.
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