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Botony Lab
Cards to study for botony lab final.
92
Biology
Undergraduate 1
12/05/2006

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Cards

Term
Compound Light Microscope
Definition
Utilizes white light and uses an objective lens and an ocular (eyepiece).
Term
Arm
Definition
supports body tube
Term
Base
Definition
supports microscope
Term
Body Tube
Definition
separates eyepiece and objective a certain distance
Term
Condenser
Definition
maximizes light
Term
Stage Controls
Definition
moves the mechanical stage
Term
Eyepiece (Ocular)
Definition
magnifies
Term
In-base Illuminator
Definition
light source
Term
Iris Diaphram
Definition
regulates the amount of light
Term
Mechanical Stage
Definition
supports specimen
Term
Objective lenses
1. Scanning
2. Low Power
3. High Power
4. Eyepiece
Definition
Magnify
1. Red (4x)
2. Yellow (10x)
3. Blue (40x)
4. 10x
Term
Revolving Nosepiece
Definition
Allows you to change objectives
Term
Adjustment knobs
Definition
Course - allows for coarse focus
Fine - allows for fine focus
Term
Field of View
Definition
Amount of area you see. Gets smaller with higher objectives.
Term
Virtual Image
Definition
an apparent image - what you see when you look through a microscope
Term
Parfocal
Definition
when focused in the scanning objective, will remain focus when objectives are switched.
Term
Working Distance
Definition
the distance between the bottom of the objective and the top of the coverslip
Term
Depth of focus
Definition
The thickness of the specimen that remains in focus at one time.
Term
Through-Focus
Definition
By rotating the adjustment knob away from you, the first image to come into focus is on top.
Term
How to make a Wet mount
Definition
With a glass slide and coverslip, put a drop of liquid on the slide then at a 45 degree angle cover with coverslip.
Term
Prokaryotic Cells
Definition
Lack nuclei, simple, do not have membrane-bound organelles.

Example:
Archaea and Bacteria
Term
Eukaryotic Cells
Definition
Contain "true nuclei". Have organelles.
Term
Plant Cell
Definition
Eukaryotic. Consists of a protoplast and a cell wall.
Term
Protoplast
Definition
nucleus + cytoplasm
Term
Parenchyma Cells
Definition
The most abundant plant tissue composed of living, thin-walled, many-sided cells of variable functions.
Term
Cytoplasm
Definition
Includes numerous membranes, membrane systems, and organelles suspended in the cytosol, as well as one or more vacuoles.
Term
Vacuoles
Definition
(Tonoplast and cell sap.) Membrane-bound regions filled with cell sap. Consists of mostly water but when present in great concentrations, a particular mineral may for crystals in the cell sap. Also contains anthocyanins.
Term
Anthocyanin
Definition
A red, purple or reddish-blue water-soluble pigment found in the cell vacuole.
Term
Cyclosis
Definition
Cytoplasmic streaming - orderly movement of the relatively large chloroplasts within the cell.
Term
Collenchyma Cells
Definition
Cells with thickened walls that support growing regions of leaves and shoots.
Term
Plasmodesmata
Definition
Connect the protoplast of contiguous cells
Term
Middle Lamella
Definition
Cements together primary walls of contiguous cells
Term
Chlorophylls contain two types of water soluble pigments.
Definition
Chlorophylls and Carotenoids
Term
Chromoplasts
Definition
Contain pigment bodies only made up of carotenoids - plates, ribbons, spirals
Term
Plastid
Definition
Any of several pigmented cytoplasmic organelles found in plant cells and other organisms, having various physiological functions
Term
Leucoplast
Definition
Plastid which contains no pigment.
Term
What substance stains the starch in cells?
Definition
Iodine
Term
1.Raphides
2.Druses

3.Crystals are most commonly made up of:
Definition
1. Long linear crystals found in vacuoles.
2. Polyhedral crystals
3. Calcium Oxalate
Term
Poloroids
Definition
Filters that allow polarized light to pass through.
Term
Microtubules are located...
Definition
In the cytoskeleton
Term
3 Organs of a Plant
Definition
Root, Stem, Leaves
Term
Tissues of the Plant
Definition
Vascular, Ground, Dermal:
Inside middle outside
Term
Cell Theory
Definition
Organisms, no matter how unique, are composed of cells.
Term
Transfer cells
Definition
Special kind of parenchyma cell containing ingrowths in the cell wall.
Term
[image]
Definition
Eukaryotic Cell [image] Should be able to identify: Plant Cell, Cell Wall, Nucleus
Term
[image]
Definition
Plasmodesmota, Middle Lamella, Cell Wall[image]
Term
Actinomorphic
Definition
Flowers that have symmetry
Term
Zygomorphic
Definition
Flowers that have irregular symmetry.
Term
Imperfect Flowers
Definition
Have only stamens or pistils
Term
Incomplete Flowers
Definition
Lack one of the 4 whorls.
Term
[image]
Definition
Azalea Flower Identify: Sepals of the calyx, petals of the corolla, Stamens of the androecium, Pistil of the gynoecium[image]
Term
1.Calyx 2.Corolla 3.Androecium 4.Gynoecium
Definition
1.sepals 2.petals 3.stamens 4.pistil
Term
[image]
Definition
Sori on the underside of pinnae [image]
Term
[image]
Definition
Pine Seed 1.Female Gametophyte 2.Cotyledons 3.Hypocotyl-root axis 4.Root Cap [image]
Term
[image]
Definition
Fern Life Cycle [image]
Term
[image]
Definition
Young Megaphyll Called a fiddlehead. Develop through circinate vernation. [image]
Term
[image]
Definition
Angiosperm Life Cycle[image]
Term
[image]
Definition
[image] Angiosperm Ovule
Term
[image]
Definition
Anther releasing spores (microsporophyll) [image]
Term
[image]
Definition
[image] Archegonium
Term
Monocot or Dicot? [image]
Definition
Dicot Flower 4s and 5s. [image]
Term
[image]
Definition
Dogwood-Incomplete flower with large showy bracts. [image]
Term
[image]
Definition
Perigynous Flower with floral parts attached to the ring of the receptacle cup. Ovary Superior. [image]
Term
[image]
Definition
Hypogenous Flower. Ovary superior. Slower parts attached at bottom. [image]
Term
[image]
Definition
Epigynous flower. Ovary inferior. Floral parts attached above the ovary. [image]
Term
Name the 3 primary meristems.
Definition
Protoderm, Procambium, Ground Meristem
Term
Name the tissue system that rises from the protoderm.
Definition
Dermal tissue system.
Term
Name the tissue system that arises from the procambium.
Definition
Vascular tissue system.
Term
Name the tissue system that arises from the ground meristem.
Definition
Ground Tissue System
Term
Name the tissues found in the dermal tissue system and the cells they are made up of.
Definition
1. Epidermis made of parenchymous cells used for secretion of cutin and protection
2. Periderm made up of parenchyma, sclereids, and fibers which protect and produce cutin.
Term
Name the tissues that make up the vascular tissue system.
Definition
xylem and phloem
Term
Name the tissue system that gives rise to phloem and the cells it is composed of.
Definition
Vascular tissue and the phloem is composed of sieve cells, seive tube elements, and companion cells.
Term
Name the tissue system that gives rise to the xylem and the cells it is made up of.
Definition
Vascular tissue system and the xylem is made up of tracheids and vessel members.
Term
Which cell type makes up the cortex?
Definition
Collenchyma
Term
What are the 4 functions of the root?
Definition
Storage, absorption, secretion, and conduction.
Term
Dicots have what type of root?
Definition
Taproot
Term
Monocots have which type of root?
Definition
Fibrous
Term
What does vascular cambium give rise to?
Definition
secondary phloem and xylem
Term
What does cork cambium give rise to?
Definition
Cork and periderm
Term
Lateral roots arise from the..
Definition
pericycle
Term
What is unique about palmately compound leaves?
Definition
They have no rachis.
Term
[image]
Definition
A bulb is a modified stem.
Term
[image]
Definition
A corm is a modified stem.
Term
[image]
Definition
A tuber is a modified stem.
Term
[image]
Definition
Cladophyll is a modified stem.
Term
[image]
Definition
A thorn is a modified stem.
Term
[image]
Definition
A stolon is a modified stem.
Term
src="/card_images/7907.jpg" border="0" width="350" height="230">
Definition
Pine Life Cycle[image]
Term
What are pseudoindusium?
Definition
Covering of the sori - when the leaf curls over them.
Term
[image]
Definition
Plantlets are specialized leaves
Term
[image]
Definition
Showy bracts are specialized leaves.
Term
Tendrils and spines
Definition
modified leaves
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