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Botany:ROOTS
roots
27
Science
12th Grade
02/19/2008

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Term
seed
Definition
 
radicle (inside the embryo) grows out of the seed and develops into the first root
Term
 
adventitious roots
Definition
fibrous root system
Term
types of roots
Definition
taproot and adventitious
Term
taproot
Definition
 
primary root that grows vertically downward and from which smaller lateral roots branch
Term
violet is an example of what kind of root?
Definition
fibrous
Term
sow thistle is an example of what type of root?
Definition
taproot
Term
taproot system
Definition
 
 
large central root formed directly from the radicle within the seed and a set of much thinner lateral or secondary roots.
Term
dicot plant
Definition
 
seeds with 2 seed leaves
Term
 
have taproot systems with one or more primary roots from which secondary roots grow
Definition
dicot plants
Term
monocots
Definition
 
seeds with 1 seed leaf
Term
 
have fibrous root systems
Definition
monocots
Term
 
Root Cap
Definition
 
1.parenchyma cells covering tip of root
Term
two functions of root cap
Definition
 
1. protect tissues as root pushes through soil
2. ** helps root to grow downwardperception of gravity
Term
 
gravitropism/ geotropism
Definition
perception of gravity(possible causes – calcium ions influence growth hormones in cells), causes root to grow downwards 
Term
golgi bodies
Definition
 
of root cap’s cells secrete slimy substance to act as lubricant to move through soil
Term
 
Region of Cell Division
Definition
 
center of the root tip and surrounded by root cap
Term
 
root cap produced by cells from this region; composed of apical meristem; cubeshaped, large nuclei, few and small vacuoles
Definition

region of cell division

Term
 
3 areas of apical meristem
Definition
 
1. Protoderm
2. Ground meristem
3. Procambium
Term
  protoderm
Definition
 
outer layer of cells epidermis
Term
 
Ground meristem
Definition
 
inside protoderm; produces parenchyma cells
–cortex
Term
 
Procambium
Definition
 
center of the root; produces xylem and phloem
Term
 
 
Region of Elongation
Definition
 
 
cells several times original length; no further increase in cell size takes place above this region ** (so only root cap & apical meristem pushes through soil)
Term
 
Region of Maturation
Definition
 
sometimes called **root-hair zone
Term
 
Root hairs
Definition
 
are not separate cells but extensions of epidermal cells
increase absorption by root
Term
cortex function
Definition
food storage
Term
order of root (in to out)
Definition
xylem, phloem, pericycle, endodermis, pericycle
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