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Botany ch10 pt 1
photosynthesis
44
Science
Undergraduate 2
10/25/2012

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Term
All interrelated biochemical processes that take place in a living organism
Definition
Metabolism
Term
The process by which plants produce food using energy from the sun
Definition
Photosynthesis
Term
Organisms that can make their own food
Definition
Autotrophs
Term
Organisms that depend on autotrophs to make their food (eat other organisms)
Definition
Heterotroph
Term
Name the three types of photosynthesis
Definition
1. Plants 2. Algae 3. Bacteria
Term
___________ is where photosynthesis takes place in plants and algae
Definition
Chloroplasts
Term
The ____ is the primary site of photosynthesis
Definition
Leaf
Term
Most photosynthesis is performed in _________ cells
Definition
Mesophyll
Term
Stroma
Definition
The liquid material inside of chloroplasts that surrounds thylakoids
Term
Thylakoids
Definition
Network of membranes immersed within stroma in stacks called grana
Term
What's it called when thylakoids stack on one another?
Definition
Granum
Term
Electrons used in photosynthesis will come from
Definition
Water contained in the thylakoid compartment
Term
The steps of photosynthesis will take place in either :
Definition
Within the thylakoid membrane or in the stroma surrounding thylakoids
Term
The green color of plants is from
Definition
Chlorophyll, the green pigment within chloroplasts
Term
What drives the synthesis of organic molecules in the chloroplast?
Definition
Light energy absorbed by chlorophyll
Term
___ enters the leaf through microscopic pores called stomata
Definition
Carbon Dioxide
Term
____ exits the leaf through the microscopic pores called stomata
Definition
Oxygen
Term
A typical mesophyll cell has this many chloroplasts
Definition
30-40
Term
What are the 2 primary parts of a chloroplast?
Definition
Thylakoids and Stroma
Term
ATP
Definition
-Energy for most cellular activity
-Releases energy when bonds break
-Plants make ATP using light
-Takes place in chloroplast and other green parts
Term
What percent of water absorbed by plants is used in photosynthesis?
Definition
Less than 1%
Term
What molecule is released as a by-product of photosynthesis?
Definition
Oxygen
Term
What happens to stomata when there's a short supply of water or too high of light intensity?
Definition
It closes reducing the supply of carbon dioxide available for photosynthesis
Term
Chlorophyll A
Definition
blue-green
Term
Chlorophyll B
Definition
yellow-green
Term
Carotenoids
Definition
yellow to orange
Term
NADPH/FADH2
Definition
Electron carrier molecules, carries electrons to and from various molecules
-have an empty and full state
Term
2 primary stages of photosynthesis
Definition
1. Light Reactions -sunlight is converted to energy -produces energy
2. Calvin Cycle (light independent reactions) -Carbon molecules are bound to sugar -requires energy
Term
Light Reactions in detail
Definition
-split water -release oxygen -NADP+ gains electrons to form NADPH -some ATD is generated from ATP -Chloroplast contains 2 photosystems (PS1&PS2)
Term
Light Reactions
Definition
require light & water, produces energy (ATP&NADPH) utilizes energy to form sugars
Term
Calvin Cycle
Definition
-Electrons are brought together with CO2 and a sugar
-CO2 combines w/RuBP & convert to sugars
-The product is a high energy sugar in a process powered by ATP that is produced in the light reaction
Term
Molecules in the Calvin Cycle
Definition
RuBP - Rubisco - ATP&NADPH - G3P
Term
What is the product from calvin cycle?
Definition
G3P
Term
What are the 3 phases of the Calvin Cycle?
Definition
1. Carbon fixation catalyzed by rubisco
2. Reduction
3. Regeneration of the CO2 acceptor RuBP
Term
Calvin cycle steps
Definition
one CO@ molecule enters cycle then binds to RuBP and after 3 turns of the cycle a 3carbon molecule (sugar) is generated G3P
Term
Input in Calvin Cycle
Definition
CO2+ATP+NADPH
Term
G3P are usually immediately converted to
Definition
glucose, sucrose, fructose or other mono/disaccharides
Term
G3P is ultimately converted to
Definition
polysaccharides - starch, cellulose
Term
complex structural molecules
Definition
lignin and fibers
Term
photorespiraton
Definition
a process in which rubisco binds with oxygen rather than carbon dioxide caused by closed stomata due to high temperature rises
Term
Benefits of C4 photosynthesis
Definition
allows the plant to better maximize CO2 use and not have to open stomata as often (lose less water)
Term
What happens in C4 photosynthesis
Definition
CO2 is bound into a 4 carbon compound in specific cells before it moves into the calvin pathway
Term
Benefits of CAM photosynthesis
Definition
Plants lose less water because the cooler temperatures at night decrease transpiration
Term
What happens in CAM photosynthesis?
Definition
Plants take in CO2 at night and turn it into sugar during the day
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