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Bones2
Bones skull-sacrum
135
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
02/02/2012

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Term
How many bones are in the human body?
Definition
206 bones in Axial and Appendicular skeleton
Term
How many bones in the Axial Skeleton
Definition
80 bones in the axial skeleton
Term
How many bones in the skull (cranium and face)
Definition
22 total bones in cranium and face
Term
How many bones are associated with the skull (ossicles and hyoid bone)
Definition
7 total bones
Term
How many bones in the vetebral column
Definition
(vertbrae, sacrum and coccyx)-26 total bones
Term
How many bones in thoracic cage (ribs and sternum)
Definition
25 total bones
Term
Functions of the axial skeleton
Definition
framework that supports and protects organs in the dorsal and ventral body cavitites
Provides extensive surface area for the attachment of muscle that adjust positions of the head and trunk; performs respiratory movements
stabilizes or postion structure of the appendicular skeleton
Term
What are sutures?
Definition
immovable joints found between skull bones
Term
Coronal suture? (location)
Definition
unites frontal and parietal bones
Term
sagittal suture? (location)
Definition
unites parietal bones
Term
Lambdoid suture? (location)
Definition
unites parietal and occipital bones
Term
squamous suture? (location)
Definition
unites parietal and temporal bones
Term
what are the 8 total bones of the skull (cranium)
Definition
Occipital, parietal, frontal, sphenoid and ethmoid
Term
How many occipital bones?
Definition
One
Term
Foramen magnum (function)
Definition
Connects the cranial cavity with the spinal cavity
Term
Occipital condyletes-- Where is it?
Definition
where the skull articulates witht he first veterbrae
Term
External occipital protubereance--Where is it?
Definition
small bump superior to the foramen magnum
Term
Hypoglossal canals? Location
Definition
Cranium hypoglossal nerves pass through here
Term
Parietal bone --How many?
Definition
2 parietal bones (2)
Term
Parietal bone location-
Definition
Superior and lateral surfaces of the cranium and form a major portion of the skull cap
Term
Describe the parietal bones?
Describe the superior and inferior temporal lines?
Definition
Internal surface of these bones contain many protrusions and depressions that accodomate the blood vessels supplying the superfical covering of the brain.
Superior and inferior temporial lines mark the attachments of the temporalis muscle (large muscle that closes the mouth)
Term
dura mater?
Definition
superfical covering of the brain
Term
Frontal bone
How many?
Definition
1 forms the forehead and roof of the orbitis
Term
subaorbital margins-Location
Definition
Mark the superior limits of the orbitis
Term
supraorbital foreman (location)
Definition
found in the center of of each supraorbital margin(supraorbital nerve and artery pass through here
Term
Orbital surface decribe
Definition
contain small openings for blood vesells and nerves
Term
frontal sinsus-Describe ?develop?
Definition
variable in size and time of appearance
Ususally develop after age 6 but some never develop. make the skull lighter.
Term
Temporal bones How many? named for? describe?
Definition
(2) bones named for time, the regions where the passage of time is first obvious
Term
Describe Zygomatic process
Definition
articulates with the temporal process of the zygomatic bone to form the arch.
Term
Cartoid canal?
Definition
internal cartoid artery pass through here
Term
jugular fossa Decribe?
Definition
bounded by temporal and occipital bones
internal jugular vein and some nerves pass through, more posterior than the carotid canal
Term
Mandibular fossa describe (found)
Definition
inferior base of the zygomatic process found on temporal bone where it articulates with the mandible
Term
Where does the Internal/external acoustic meatus end?
Definition
ends at the delicatetympanic membrane (eardrum)
Term
Describe location of mastoid process?
Attachment site for?
Definition
Location is hard regionbehind the ear.
Attachment site for muscles that rotate or extend the head.
Term
Styloid process?
Definition
liagments that support the hyoid bone attach here as do muscles of the tongue, larynx and pharynx
Term
stylomastoid foramen
(Location)
Definition
postier to the base of the styloid process, facial nerve passes through
Term
Sphenoid number of bones /location and function
Definition
1 bone- extends from one side to the other contibuting to the floor of the cranium.
Acts as a brace strengthening the sides of the skull, articulates with every other cranial bone. Mostly hidden by more superficial bones. Unites the cranial and facial bones.
Term
Sella turcia?
Definition
Bony enclosure that cradels the pituitary gland
Term
optical canal?
Definition
on either side of the optic groove
Term
Cranial nerve 11
Definition
Optical nerve that passes through the optical canal
Term
Superior orbital fissure (funtion and location)
Definition
PASSAGEWAY FOR BLOOD VESSELS AND CRANIAL NERVES OF THE EYE. FOUND IN EITHER SIDE OF THE SELLA TURCICA
Term
Spenoidal sinses
Definition
drain into the nasal cavity on the opposite sides of the bone of the sella turcica
Term
Sphenoid Bone
Foramen rotundum
Definition
Maxillary branch of cranial nerve V (trigeminal) passes through
Term
spenoid bone
foramen ovale
Definition
penetrates the greater wing mandibular branch of the cranialnerveV passes through
Term
Spenoid Bone
foramen spinosum (location)
Definition
posterior to the foremen ovale
middle meningealblood vessels pass through
Term
Greater or lesser wings
Definition
Greater-forms part of the lateralwall of the cranium
Lesser-triangular in shape
Term
Skull-Cranium
Ethmoid
List the three parts
Definition
cribriform plate
paried lateral masses
perpendicular plate
Term
Cranium Galli
Definition
superior surface, seperates the right and left
Membrane that stabilizes the brain attaches here
Term
Crista galli
Definition
Superior surface, seperates the right and left Membrane that stabilizes the brain attaches here
Term
Foramina in cribriform plate
Definition
allows for the passage of branches of the olfactory nerve
Term
Cribiform plate plate
Definition
forms the roof of the nasal cavity
Term
Lateral masses skull cranium
Definition
contain ethmoid sinsuses- form most of the wall between the nasal cavity and orbitis
Term
Middle nasal concha(e)and superior nasal concha
Definition
together they promote the turbulent circulation and filtration of air before it passes it passes into the lungs
Term
perpendicular plate (location)
Definition
forms the superior portion of the nasal septum
Term
How many bones are in the skull or face?
Definition
l moveable and 13 immovable
Term
Purpose of bones in the skull or face?
Definition
Shape the face and provide attachment for the muscles that move the jaw and control facial expressions
Term
maxillae how many and purpose
Definition
(2) largest facial bones, form the upper jaw
Term
alceolar process- location
Definition
oral orgins of the maxillae contain the sockets for the upper teeth
Term
orbital rim
Definition
forms part of the orbit under and the sides of the nose
Term
Palatal process
Definition
form anterior 3/4 of the hard palate
Term
Maxillary sinus
Definition
largest sinuses in the skull
Term
Palatine bones # Shape and location
Definition
(2) l-shaped bones, form the postier portion of the hard palate
Term
Nasal bones #
Definition
#2 form part of the bridge of the nose
Term
Inferior nasal conchae
Definition
(2) form the lateral walls of the nasal cavity. Projection into the nasal cavity, inferior to the superior and middle nasal conchae of the ethmoid bone
Term
zygomatic bones
Definition
(2) commonly called cheek bones, form part of orbital wall
Term
Temporal process
Definition
Projects posteriorly, articulates with zygomatic process of the temporal bone to form the zygomatic arch
Term
What is the smallest bones of the skull
Definition
2 Lacrimal bones
Term
What is the location of the lacrimal bones
Definition
form part of the medial wall of each orbit
between the ethmoid and maxillary bone
Term
Decribe the location of the vomer
Definition
(1) forms the inferior and posterior part of the nasal septum articulates the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone
Term
Mandible
Definition
(2) forms the entire lower jaw
largest, strongest facial bone
only moveable skull bone
Term
posterior condylar process
Definition
articulatess with the mandibiular fossa and articular tubercle of the temporal bone to form the temporomandibular joint
Term
anterior coronoid process
Definition
temporalis muscle attaches here (muscle that closes the mouth)
Term
mental foramen
Definition
nerves that carry info from the lips to the chin pass through here
Term
7 total associated bones
Definition
auditoru ossicles (6) in the middle ear and petrous portion of the temporal bone
Malleus-the tympatic membrane
Incus
Staples-at the oval window
Hyoid bone (1)
Term
The tympanic membrane
Definition
Malleus
Term
Stapes
Definition
at the oval window
Term
Hyoid bone Describe
Definition
(1) does not directly attach to any other bone
located in the neck region below the mandible
base for several muscles concerned with the movement of the tongue and larynx
Term
orbital complex is?
Definition
Bony process that encloses and protects the eye
Term
Orbital complex contains?
Definition
The lacrimal gland, adipose tissue, muscles that move the eye , blood vessels and nerves
Term
Frontal bone of the orbital complex
Definition
forms the roof
Term
Maxillary bone of the orbital complex
Definition
forms most of the orbital floor
Term
lacrimal bone of the orbital complex
Definition
lateral mass
Term
Ethmoid bone of the orbital complex
Definition
lateral mass
Term
Sphenoid bone of the orbital complex
Definition
most of the postier orbital wall
Term
Palatine bone of the orbital complex
Definition
orbital process
Term
zygomatic bone of the orbital complex
Definition
forms the lateral wall and rim of the orbit
Term
Bones of the nasal complex includes?
Definition
bones and cartilage that encloses the nasal cavities and paranasal sinsues
Term
WHich bones form the superior wall of the nasal cavity?
Definition
Frontal bone
sphenoid bone
ethmoid bone
Term
which bones form the bony protion of the nasal septum
Definition
perpendicular plate
vomer
Term
THE MAXILLARY BONE FORMS WHAT OF THE NASAL COMPLEX?
Definition
forms the lateral walls
Term
The palatine bone form what of the nasal complex?
Definition
forms the lateral walls
Term
What bones form the ridge of the nasal complex?
Definition
Maxillae and nasal bones
Term
What is the function of the vetebral column?
Definition
supports the weight of the head, neck and trunk, ultimately transferring that weight to the appendicular sketeton of the lower limbs
protects the spinal cord and helps maintain an upright position.
Term
Structures common to all vertebrae
Body?
Definition
Body is the central part of all vertebrae transfers weight
Term
What is the intervertebral discs
Definition
pads of fiberous cartilage
Term
What is the vetebral arch?
Definition
Forms the lateral and postier margins of the vetebral foramen
Term
What is the vetebral foramen
Definition
contains the spinal cord, fat, areolar connective tissue and blood vessels
Term
Describe the thoracic veterbrae
Definition
Next 12 vertebrae after the cervical vertebrae
heart shaped body veteebral foramen is smaller
Term
Describe true ribs?
Definition
1-7 connected to sternum by seperate cartilage (costalCartilages)
Term
False ribs?
Definition
ribs 8-12 do not attach directly to the sternum

the costal cartilages of ribs 8-10 fuse togther before reaching the sternum
Term
Floating ribs
Definition
ribs 11-12 no connectionwith the sternum
Term
What is the function of the transferse foramina?
Definition
to protect the vertebral arteries and veins
Term
how many cervical vertebrae?
Time for Breakfast?
Definition
7
Term
What are the functions of C1 (Atalas)
Definition
Articulation of the occipital condyles of the occipital bone. Permits nodding for "yes" butnot for twisting.
Term
Describe the C1 (Atlas)?
Definition
No vetebral body
superior articular facet (oval)
Articular facet for dens of axis
inferior articular facet (round)
Term
Where is the transverse Liagment located?
Definition
It goes round the dens of the axis
Term
C2 (axis) function?
Definition
Articulation with the atlas permits the rotation (saying No)
Term
How is the Dens created?
Definition
Body of the atlas fuses to the body of the axis creating the dens
Term
What the function of the spinous function?
Definition
Muscles important to controlling the position of the head and neck attach here.
Term
What does the term articulate mean?
Definition
To join together
Term
Location of the ribs?
Definition
Orginates on or between the thoraic verebrae and ends in the wall of the thorarcic cavity
Term
Describe the head of the ribs?
Definition
Where the rib articulates with the veterbal body. Superior and inferior articular facets
Term
Describe the tubercle of the rib?
Definition
portion of the rib that projects dorsally. Inferior portion of the tubercle that contain an articular facet that connects the transverse processes of the thoracic vetebrae
Term
Describe what the angle of the rib is?
Definition
The bend in the rib
Term
What does the costal grove of the rib do?
Definition
marks the path of nerves and blood vessels on the inferior surface of the rib
Term
Sternum

Location and function of Manubrium?
Definition
articulates with the clavicles and cartilages of the first pair of ribs.
Term
Sternum

Location of the jugular notch?
Definition
shallow indention on the superior surface between the clavical articulations
Term
Sternum

Location of the clavicular articulation
Definition
where the manubrium articulates with the clavicle
Term
What does the body of the sternum attach to?
Definition
attaches to the inferior surface of the the manubrium
Term
Describe the location Howof the xiphoid process of the sternum?
Definition
attached to the inferior surface of the body
Term
How many bones are in the thoracic cage?
Definition
25 total bones (24 ribs and 1 sternum)
Term
What is the function of the thoracic cage?
Definition
Protects the heart, lungs, thymus and other structures of the thoracic cavity
Term
The thoracic cage is the attachment point for muscles that are involved with what?
Definition
Attachment point for muscles involved with respirations, the position of the veterbral column and movements of the pectoral girdle and upper limbs
Term
How many bones in the coccyx?
Definition
3-5 bones in the coccygeal vetebrae
Term
What age does the coccyx bones begin to fuse?
Definition
26
Term
Sacrum- formed by what?
Definition
formed by the union of 5 sacral verebrae
Term
When do the sacrum bones begin to fuse and when is this process complete?
Definition
Begins to fuse at ages 16-18 and is usually complete by age 30
Term
Fuctions of sacrum?
Definition
protects the reproductive, digestive and excretory organs

Broad surface area for the attachment of muscles responsible for moving the thigh
Term
Describe the function of the cervical curvature of the spine
Definition
helps shift trunk weight over to the the legs
Term
Describe the function of the thoracic curvature of the spine?
Definition
accommodates the thoracic viscera
Term
Describe the function of the lumbar curvature of the spine?
Definition
helps shift the trunk weight over to the legs
Term
What does the sacral accommmodate?
Definition
the abdominopelvic viscera
Term
Lumbar vetebrae have how many bones?
Supper?
Definition
5 vertebrae
Term
Describe the lumbar vertebrae?
Definition
no articular facets on either the body or the transverse process
transverse process are slender
the spinous process are stump, provide surface area for the attachment of the lower back muscles and reinforce or adjust the lumbar curvature
Term
What thoracic vertebrae have only one single whole facet on each side?
Definition
T-10-T12
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