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Body origanization
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39
Biology
Undergraduate 1
10/26/2016

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Term
TIGHT JUNCTION
Definition

 

FUNCTION :

PREVENT SUBSTANCE FROM LEAKING ACROSS TISSUES


LOCATION :

URINARY TRACT , DIGESTIVE TRACT , BLOOD VESSELS IN BRAIN

Term
ADHESIVE JUNCTION
Definition

FUNCTION : HOLD ADJACENT CELLS TOGETHER AND ALLOWS TISSUES TO BE MORE FLEXIBLE

 

LOCATION :

SKIN , OPENING OF UTERUS

Term
GAP JUNCTION
Definition

 

Function: open channels between cells allowing rapid communication due to quick transfer of ions and small molecules between neighboring cells


Location: heart and smooth muscle 

Term
DIAPHRAGM
Definition
BROAD SHEET OF MUSCLES THAT DEVIDES TWO CAVITIES
Term
THORACIC CAVITY SUNDIVISIONS
Definition

 

  • the pleural cavities – contains lungs
  • the pericardial cavity – contains heart 

 

Term
ABDOMINAL CAVITY CONTAINS
Definition
  • DIGESTIVE STRACT
  • URINARY SYSTEM
  • REPRODUCTIVE TRACT
Term
DORSAL CAVITY CONTAINS
Definition

 

  • Cranial – contains brain

  • Spinal – contains spinal cord 
Term
MEMBRANES
Definition
  • Body cavities and surfaces of organs are covered with membranes
  •  Membranes are sheets of epithelium supported by connective tissues
  •  Membranes protect tissues and organs
Term
MUCUS MEMBRANE
Definition
  •  line passages to the exterior world, including those of the respiratory, digestive, reproductive, and urinary systems in the body.
  •  Secrete mucus
Term
SEROUS MEMBRANE
Definition
  • line thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities and the organs contained in them.
  • Secrete lubricating fluid
Term
SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE
Definition
  •  – line cavities of freely movable joints
  •  Secrete a lubricating fluid
Term
CUTANEOUS MEMBRANE
Definition
Cutaneous: skin, lines the outside of the body, thick, dry
Term
ORGAN STOMACH AS AN EX:
Definition

 Epithelium :lines the stomach and secretes acid to digest the food.

 

 Nerve tissue : stimulates cells to release the acid.

 

 Muscles : contract to push food through the stomach.

 

 Connective tissue :supports these other tissues

 
Term
FEEDBACK
Definition
  •  The body uses the nervous system and the endocrine system to maintain homeostasis.
  •  Controlled by negative or positive feedback
Term
RECEPTOR
Definition
detects a change in the internal or external environment.
Term
CONTROL CENTER
Definition

such as a part of the brain, integrates the information coming from all receptors and sends out an appropriate response

 
Term
EFFECTOR
Definition

carries out the response returning the system to homeostasis again

 
Term
HORMONES
Definition

 

 Hormones – A substance released into the blood, carries a message to other parts of the body

 

 When hormones are released from one part of the body they cause another part of the body to react

 
Term
NEGATIVE FEEDBACK
Definition
KEEP BODY IN BALANCE AND STATUS IN QUO
Term
POSITIVE FEEDBACK
Definition
USED TO CHANGE THE SITUATION
Term

NEGATIVE FEEDBACK EX:

 

Definition

 

 Example: calcium regulation.

 

 Calcium is stored in the bones and circulates in

the blood stream.

 

 Cells in the bones, osteoclasts release calcium from bone

 
Term
NEGATIVE FEEDBACK EX: CONTINUE:
Definition

 Stimulus: when calcium levels drop too low in the blood stream.

 

 Sensor: Parathyroid glands

 

 Control center: the parathyroid gland releases

parathyroid hormone

 

 Effectors: Osteoclast cells in bone release calcium, Kidneys reabsorb more Ca++

Term

NEGATIVE FEEDBACK CONTINUE NEXT:

 

Definition

 

 Stimulus: when calcium levels increase too high in the blood stream.


 Sensor: Parathyroid glands


 Control center: the parathyroid gland stops

releases parathyroid hormone


 Effectors: Osteoclast cells in bone stop releasing calcium, Kidneys reabsorb less Ca++

Term
HYPERTHERMIA
Definition
ABNORMALLY ELEVATED BODY TEMPERATURE
Term
HYPOTHERMIA
Definition
ABNRMALLY LOW BODY TEMPERATURE
Term
HYPOTHALMUS
Definition
CONTROLS BODY TEMPERATURE
Term
POSITIVE FEEDBACK
Definition

   Stimulus: When the baby leaves the uterus, the muscles in the cervix stretch.

 

Nerves in the cervix send a message to the hypothalamus gland

 

 Sensor: strech receptors in the cervix

 

 Control Center: Hypothalamus gland causes

the pituitary gland to release oxytocin

 

 Effector : muscles of uterus contrac

Term

INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM COMPONENTS:

 

Definition

 Skin

 

Nails

 

Hair

 

exocrine glands (sweat and oil glands)

 
Term

INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM FUNCTION:

 

Definition

1. Provides protection from bacteria, UV radiation, chemicals, physical injury

 

2. Reduce water loss

 

3. Temperature regulation

 

4. Vitamin D production

 

5. Contains sensors that detect pain, temperature, and pressure.

 
Term
EPIDERMIS
Definition

 

 Epidermis consists of several layers of squamous epithelial cells (stratified)

 

Deepest layer contains rapidly dividing cells

 

Outer surface is made up of dead skin cells Protective properties come from keratin 

 

Melanocytes produce melanin

Term
DERMIS
Definition
  •  The dermis consists primarily of connective tissue
  •  Also contains vascular tissue, hair follicles, sweat glands, nerves, sensory receptors
  •  Collagen and elastic fibers are found in the lower layer
Term
HYPODERMIS
Definition
The hypodermis is a layer of loose connective tissue beneath the dermis and epidermis connecting it to other tissues
Term
nails
Definition
sheets of hard keratinized cells forming a protective covering for the fingers and toes.
Term
hair follicle
Definition
found in the dermis and where sebum is released to lubricate the hair.
Term
sweat glands
Definition
play a role in modifying body temperature and have ducts that lead to a pore at the surface of the skin
Term
sebacous glands
Definition

secrete sebum, an oily substance that lubricates the skin and hair.

 
Term
Basal cell carcinoma
Definition
from rapidly dividing cells deep in the epidermis
Term
squamous cell carcinoma
Definition
romnewly formed cells as they flatten
Term
Melanoma
Definition
melanocytes, far more dangerous than other skin cancer
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