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BOARDS Gastrointestinal microbiology organism ID
QUIZ: Identify the organism based on its physical characteristics.
47
Microbiology
Graduate
02/14/2011

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Cards

Term
G+, coagulase +, Beta hemolytic, mannitol fermentation, golden-yellow colonies
Definition
Staphylococcus aureus
Term
G+, aerobic, forms endospores, motile, beta hemolytic
Definition
Bacillus cereus
Term
G+, anaerobic, encapsulated, non-motile, double zone hemolysis.  Infecton usually follows trauma.
Definition
Clostridium perfringes
Term
G+, aerobic, encapsulated, non-motile, produces 2 toxins; toxin A (enterotoxin) and toxin B (cytotoxin; damages enterocytes).
Definition
Clostridium difficile
Term
G+, forms endospores, non-motile, non-hemolytic, produces a tri-part toxin.  Zoonotic.
Definition
Bacillus anthracis
Term
G-, Produces heat liable and heat stable toxins.  The heat liable toxin up regulates cAMP and the heat stable toxin up regulates cGMP.
Definition
Enterotoxigenic E. coli
Term
G-, destroys microvilli. uses shiga-like toxins.
Definition
enteropathogenic E. coli
Term
G-, produces shiga-like toxin, damages glomerular capilaries.
Definition
enterohemorrhagic E. coli
Term
G-, produces shigella-like toxin causing dysentery with fever and bloody stools.
Definition
enteroinvasive E. coli
Term
G-, causes persistent diarrhea in infants.
Definition
Enteroadherent E. coli
Term
G-, can multiply in macrophages and use them for transport.
Definition
Salmonella typhi
Term
G-, among the most common bacterial infections.  Usually causes enteritis in communities.
Definition
Campylobacter spp (jejuni and fetus)
Term
G-, less than 200 bacteria required for disease symptoms.
Definition
Shigella spp.
Term
G-, favors high salt and warm temperature.  produces a 6 subunit toxin known as cholera toxin.  
Definition
Vibrios spp.
Term
G-, non-lactose fermenting, oxidase negative, urease positive.
Definition
Yersinia enterocolitica
Term

G-, non-lactose fermenting, oxidase negative, urease positive, and causes self limited mesenteric lymphadenitis that mimics appendicitis.

Definition
Yersinia pseudotuberculosis
Term
G-, induces inflammatory cytokines and causes gastric inflammation.
Definition
Helicobacter pylori
Term
Flagellate, looks like a sting ray in its trophozoite stage.  Lives in duodenum.  Cysts form in large intestine.
Definition
Giardia lamblia
Term
Amoebae, trophozoites reside in LI.  Produces cysts passed in stool.  Protease production.
Definition
Entamoeba histolytica
Term
Sporozoa, small. Immediately infective ooxysts.  Infect enterocytes utilizing intracellular vacuoles.
Definition
Cryptosporidium parvum
Term
Sporozoa, larger than most. Immature oocysts when first released into environment.  Requires a 1 week incubation inside its host.
Definition
Cyclospora cayetenensis
Term
Sporozoa, emerging agent.  smallest euaryote.  Intracellular; can inhabit all body tissues.  Lacks mitochondria.  
Definition
Microsporidia
Term
RNA virus; no chronic disease form.
Definition
Hepatitis A
Term
Enveloped DNA virus.  leading cause of chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma.
Definition
Hepatitis B
Term
Enveloped RNA virus.  Has 6 distinct genotypes that denote its subtype.
Definition
Hepatitis C
Term
Defective RNA virus that requires co-infection with another type of virus.
Definition
Hepatitis D
Term
RNA virus.  Clinically indistinguishable for HAV infection. Requires serological confirmation.
Definition
Hepatitis E
Term
Norovirus.  causes 40% of nonbacterial gastroenteritis.  Common virus on cruise ships.
Definition
Norwalk virus
Term
Enterovirus. In 1% of cases this virus can cuase myalgia and muscle paralysis.  Respiratory paralysis may also occur.
Definition
Poliovirus
Term
Enterovirus.  Highest infectivity is in children younger than 5.
Definition
Coxsackie virus
Term
Enterovirus.  Can cause severe sore throat, mningitis, URIs, and pericarditis in addition to many common and uncommon clinical GI presentation.
Definition
Echoviruses
Term
Double stranded, segmented genome virus.  has 11 genomic RNA molecules.  Causes 40% of the cases of severe diarrhea in infants and young children up to 2 y.o.
Definition
Rotavirus
Term
Eggs must embryonate in soil before becoming infective.  Has 2 phases of infection; liver/blood/lung and then intestinal.
Definition
Ascaris Lumbricoides
Term
Nocturnal migration of female to anus to lay eggs.  If one person in a family has a confirmed infection with this species it is necessary to treat the entire family.
Definition
Enterobius vermicularis
Term
Infection more common in children.  Eggs must embryonate in soil before becoming infective.
Definition
Trichuris trichiura
Term
Eggs must mature in soil; hatch to release larvae.  Larvae migrate in blood to lungs, then get coughed up, swallowed and enter the intestine.
Definition
Necator americanus or Ancylostoma duodenale
Term
Adult worms may be free living in soil.  Larvae migrate in blood to lungs, get coughed up, get swallowed and enter intestine. There are other migratory paths which can be taken which present differently.
Definition
Strongyloides
Term
Larvae in blood travel to skeletal muscle where they form cysts.
Definition
Trichinella spiralis
Term
No adult form in humans; can't complete their life cycle.  Larvae in liver (most common), also in lungs, eyes and brain.
Definition
Toxocara canis
Term
no adult form in humans; can't complete lifecycle.  Larvae in stomach and intestinal mucosa.
Definition
Anisakis spp.
Term
Most common human tapeworm in U.S. Eggs immediately infective.  No intermediate host.
Definition
Hymenolepis nana
Term
Eggs are ingested by cattle whre they develop into larvae in the cow's muscle.
Definition
Taenia saginata
Term
2 clinical manifestations depending on which form is ingested: larvae cause taeniasis whereas eggs cause tissue cysticercus.
Definition
Taenia solium
Term
2 intermediate hosts.  Eggs ingested by crustaceans, which are ingested by fish.  Can cause a B12 deficiency.
Definition
Diphyllobothrium latum
Term
May have anaphylactic reation in response to ruptured cysts created by this organism.  Cysts removed surgically.
Definition
Echinococcus
Term
Lung fluke.  2 intermediate hosts: snail and crustacean.  repeated rupture of cysts releases eggs.
Definition
Paragonimus westermani
Term
Chinese liver fluke.  2 intermediate hosts; snail and fresh water fish.
Definition
Chlonorchis sinensis
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