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BOARDS-1
N/A
223
Medical
Not Applicable
05/31/2010

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Cards

Term
t9,22
Definition
CML - ABL protoncogene with BCR (break cluster region)
Term
t15,17
Definition
AML (M3)
Term
t12,21
Definition
favorable prognosis in ALL
Term
activation of TAX gene, inhibits tp53 suppressor gene
Definition
Adult T-cell Luekemia (assoc with HTLV-1)
Term
Chronic Granulomatous Disease
Definition
lack of NADPH oxidase - neutrophils
Term
IL-1
Definition
secreted by macs- acute inflamm- fever
Term
IL-2
Definition
secreted by Th cells - stimulates T cells (helper and cytotoxic)
Term
IL-3
Definition
secreted by activated T cells- stimulates bone marrow growth
Term
IL-4
Definition
secreted by Th2 - stimulates IgE production
Term
IL-5
Definition
Secreted by Th2 - stimulates IgA, activates eoso
Term
IL-6
Definition
secreted by Th and macs - stim acute phase reactants and Ig (stim Osteoclast activating factor)
Term
IL-8
Definition
secreted by macs - chemotaxis of neuts
Term
IL-10
Definition
secreted by regTells - inhibits activated Tcells
Term
IL-12
Definition
secreted by B cells and macs - activates NK and TH1 cells
Term
IFN-Y
Definition
secreted by Th1 - stim macs (granuloma)
Term
TNF
Definition
secreted by macs - septic shock
Term
IFN a/b
Definition
activates NK cells
Term
Brutons agammaglobulinemia
Definition
X linked - defect in BTK (tyr kinase) - decrease number of B cells/Ig - Bacterial infxns after 6mo old
Term
Thymic aplasia
Definition
Digeorge - failure of 3rd and 4th pouch - no thymus or parathyroids - tetany b/c hypocalcemia- viral and fungal infxn b/c T cell deficiency - heart problems
Term
SCID
Definition
Bubble boy - all types of infxns- defective IL-2 recptors (most common - Xlinked) or Adenosine deaminase deficiency
Term
IL-12 receptor deficiency
Definition
disseminated mycoTB infxn b/c decreased TH1 repsonse
Term
Hyper IgM syndrome
Definition
defect in CD40Ligand on CD4 T cells -->cant class switch - severe pyogenic infxns
Term
Wiskott Aldrich syndrome
Definition
Xlinked - no IGM response to capsular polysacch of bacteria - high IgE and IgA- Infections, Thrombocytopenia, Purpura, Eczema
Term
Jobs syndrome
Definition
Failure of IFN-Y by helper T cells - no chemotaxis of neuts - coarse faces, cold abcesses (staph aureus), primary teeth, high IgE, Derm problems (eczema)
Term
Leukocyte adhesion deficiency
Definition
defect in LFA-1 integrin (CD18) on phagocytes - recurrent bact infxna - delayed separation of umbilliucs
Term
Chediak-Higashi syndrome
Definition
AR - defect in microtubular fn and lysosomal emptying of phagocytic cells - recurrent pyogenic infxn by Staph and Srep- Albinism/periph neruopathy
Term
Chronic Mucocutaneous Candidiasis
Definition
T cell dysfn against Candida
Term
Selective Ig Deficiency
Definition
defect in isotype swtiching- selective IgA deficiency most common - sinus and lung infxns
Term
ataxia telangiectasia
Definition
defect in DNA repair enzymes assoc with IgA deficiency - cerebellar problems, spider angiomas
Term
CVID
Definition
normal B cells, decreased plasma cells, decreased Ig
Term
Down syndrome
Definition
trisomy 21
Term
Edwards syndrome
Definition
trisomy 18
Term
Pataus syndrome
Definition
trisomy 13
Term
Digeorge
Definition
22q11 deletion
Term
Glycolysis RLE
Definition
PFK-1
Term
Gluconeogenesis RLE
Definition
Fructose bisphosphonate -2
Term
TCA cycle RLE
Definition
Isocitrate dehydrogenase
Term
glycogen synthesis RLE
Definition
glycogen synthase
Term
glycogenolysis RLE
Definition
Glycogen phosphorylase
Term
HMP shunt RLE
Definition
Glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)
Term
De novo pyrimidine synthesis RLE
Definition
Asparate transcarbamoylase (ATCase)
Term
De novo purine synthesis RLE
Definition
Glutamine-PRPP amidotransferase
Term
urea cycle RLE
Definition
carbamoyl phosphate synthetase
Term
fatty acid synthesis RLE
Definition
Acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACG)
Term
Fatty acid oxidation RLE
Definition
Carnitine acyltransferase 1
Term
Ketogenesis RLE
Definition
HMG coA synthase
Term
Cholesterol synthesis RLE
Definition
HMG CoA reductase
Term
Phenylketonuria
Definition
decreased phenylalanine hydroxylase or BH4 (tetrahydrobiopterin cofactor) --> MR, fair skin, musty body odor
Term
Alkaptonuria
Definition
def in homogentisic acid oxidase (degredative pathway of tyrosine) - pigmented sclera - urine turns black on standing (oxidized), debilitating arthralgias
Term
MAple Syrup urine disease
Definition
blocked degredation of branched AA (Ile, Leu,Val) - decreased a-ketoacid dehydrogenase - CNS defects, MR, sugary urine
Term
homocysteinuria
Definition
defect in cystathione synthase, homocysteine methyltransferase - high homocysteine - look like marfans - MR, lens subluxation, atherosclerosis
Term
Von Gierkes
Definition
glycogen storage dx- Glucose 6 phosphotase def- sever fasting hypoglycemia
Term
Pompes
Definition
glycogen storage dx- lysosomal a1-4 glucosidase def - cardiomegaly
Term
Coris
Definition
glycogen storage dx - defect in debranching enzyme - a-1,6 glucosidase- mild von gierkes
Term
McArdles
Definition
glycogen storage dx- defect in skel muscle glycogen phosphorylase - initial exercise - PAIN then no pain after 10-15 min b/c use b oxidation of FA
Term
Hers
Definition
glycogen storage dx- def in liver glycogen phosphorylase - mild fasting hypoglycemia - heptomegaly -
Term
Neimann picks disease
Definition
lysosomal storage dx- defect in sphingomyelinase - neurodegeneration - cherry red spot on macula - foam cells
Term
Tay Sachs dx
Definition
lysosomal storage dx -def in hexosaminidase A - neurodegeneration - develop delay - charry red spot on macula - lysosomes with onion skin
Term
Gauchers dx
Definition
lysosomal stroage dx - defect in B-glucocerebrosidase - hepatosplenomegalu, aseptic necrosis of femur, bone crisis, macs that look like crumbled tissue paper
Term
HLAb27
Definition
ankylosing spondlyitis, reiters, IBD, Psoriasis
Term
HLAD4
Definition
RA, DM1
Term
c-Anca
Definition
Wegners
Term
p-anca
Definition
polyarteritis nodosa
Term
anti-scl-70
Definition
scleroderma (diffuse)
Term
antimitochondrial AB
Definition
primary biliary cirrhosis
Term
ANA
Definition
SLE
Term
Anti-dsDNA and AntiSmith
Definition
specific for SLE
Term
anithistone
Definition
drug induced SLE
Term
anti-IgG (RF)
Definition
RA
Term
Anitcentromere
Definition
Scleroderma (CREST)
Term
anti-basement memb
Definition
Goodpastures
Term
anti-desmoglein
Definition
Pemphigus vulgaris
Term
anti-jo-1
Definition
polymositis, dermatomyositis
Term
anti-ss-a (Ro), anti-ss-b (La)
Definition
sjrogens
Term
Rb
Definition
tum supp- chrom 13q - retinoblastoma, osteosarcoma
Term
p53
Definition
tum supp- chrom 17p- most cancers - Li-Fraumeni syndrome
Term
abl
Definition
protonco- CML
Term
c-myc
Definition
protonco- Burkitts lymhoma
Term
bcl-2
Definition
protonco- follicular lymphoma (anti-apoptosis)
Term
erb-B2
Definition
protonco- breast, ovarian, gastric
Term
ras
Definition
protonco- colon ca
Term
L-myc
Definition
protonco- lung tumor
Term
N-myc
Definition
protonco- Neuroblastoma
Term
ret
Definition
protonco- MEN 2 and 3
Term
c-kit
Definition
protonco- GIST
Term
NF1
Definition
tum supp- chrom17q
Term
NF2
Definition
tum supp- chrom 22q
Term
Gq
Definition
PLC - PIP2- IP3 (ca) and DAG (PKC)
Term
Gs
Definition
AC - Camp- PKA
Term
Gi
Definition
AC - decrease Camp - decrease PKA
Term
mitral/tricuspid regurgitation murmur
Definition
holosystolic, high pitched clowing murmur
Term
aortic stenosis murmur
Definition
EJECTION CLICK then cresendo-decresendo systolic
pulsus parvus et tardus
Term
VSD murmur
Definition
holosystolic - harsh sounding
Term
mitral prolapse
Definition
MIDSYSTOLIC CLICK - then last systolic murmur
Term
aortic regurgitation murmur
Definition
high pitched blowing DIASTOLIC murmur - wide pulse pressure
Term
mitral stenosis
Definition
OPENING SNAP- delayed rumbling late DIASTOLIC murmur
Term
PDA
Definition
CONTINUOUS machine like murmur
Term
Reed Sternberg cells
Definition
Hodgkins cells (more equals worse prognosis)
Term
t8,14
Definition
c-myc gene next to heavy chain Ig gene - Burkitts lymphoma- starry sky
Term
t11,14
Definition
mantle cell lymphoma
Term
t14,18
Definition
Follicular lymphoma - bcl-2 expression -
Term
BRCA1 and BRCA2
Definition
Assoc with breast cancer and ovarian cancer
Term
bloody nipple discharge
Definition
intraductal papilloma
Term
estrogen sensitive, moveable, painful/less mass in breast- female under 35
Definition
firboadenoma
Term
psommoma bodies
Definition
serious cystadenoma (ovary), meningioma, papillary adenocarcinoma (thyroid)
Term
breast cancer mets
Definition
lungs and bone mostly (live, brain, ovaries)
Term
infiltrating ductal carcinoma of breast
Definition
often express ERBB2, stellate shaped
Term
Pagets
Definition
bone - mosaic pattern, activate osteoclasts then osteoblasts
vulva - (extramammary) - red crusty lesion of vulva- Paget cells- PAS postiive contain mucin
breast - DCIS extension into lactiferous ducts and skin of nipple, rash
Term
PSA
Definition
tumor marker - prostate (also BPH)
Term
CEA
Definition
tumor marker- colorectal and pancreatic (some gastric and breast)
Term
AFP
Definition
tumor marker - heptocellular carcinoma, yolk salk tumor of testes and ovaries
Term
B- HCG
Definition
hydatitaform moles, choriocarcinomas, gestational trophoblastic tumors
Term
CA-125
Definition
tumor marker - Ovarian CA
Term
S-100
Definition
tumor marker - melanoma, neural tumors, astrocytomas
Term
alk phosph
Definition
tumor marker - mets to bone, obstructive biliary dx, Pagets dx of bone
Term
bombesin
Definition
tumor marker - nueroblastoma, lung, gastric cancer
Term
TRAP
Definition
tumor marker - Tartate resistant acid phosph - hairy cell leukemia (bcell)
Term
CA19-9
Definition
tumor marker - Pancreatic adenocarcinoma
Term
anti-microsomal Ab
Definition
hashimotos
Term
anti-mitochondrial Ab
Definition
Primary biliary cirrhosis
Term
anti-smooth muscle Ab
Definition
autoimm hepattis
Term
Anti-histone Ab
Definition
drug induced lupus
Term
anti-centromere Ab
Definition
CREST
Term
Anti- Scl 70 Ab
Definition
anit-DNA topoisomerase - diffuse scleroderma
Term
anti-smith Ab
Definition
SLE (specific)
Term
anti-DNA Ab
Definition
SLE (specific)
Term
EPO
Definition
made in peritubular capillaries
Term
1alpha hydroxylase
Definition
proximal renal tubules - second hydroxylation of vitD- activation. PTH stim 1apla hydroxylase
Term
PTH
Definition
INCREASE serum Ca+ and DECREASE serum P04- (via renal and bone)
*made by cheif cells in Parathyroid gland
Term
Vit D
Definition
INCREASE BOTH serum Ca+ and P04- (via diet and bone)
Term
decreased Mg2+
Definition
decreases PTH secretion
causes- diarrhea, diuretics, aminoglyc,, etoh
Term
VitD - activation steps
Definition
D3 - skin
25OH vit D- LIVER (cytP450- zone 3 by central vein- 1st injured with ischemia)
1,25OH vit D - KIDNEY (prox tubules via 1alpha hydroxylase)
Term
phase 1 metab of drug
Definition
P450s - water soluble, active metab -( red, ox, hydrolysis)
Term
Phase 2 of drug metab
Definition
conjugation - soluble, inactive metab - (gluconidation, acetylation, sulfation)
Term
calcitonin
Definition
DECREASE calcium (via bone)
*made by parafollicular cells (C cells) in thyroid
Term
basophil hormones (ant pit)
Definition
B- FLAT
FSH, LH, ACTH, TSH
(acidophils - Prolactin, GH)
Term
basophil hormones (ant pit)
Definition
B- FLAT
FSH, LH, ACTH, TSH
(acidophils - Prolactin, GH)
Term
islets - a,b,delta, - secretion of and location
Definition
a-glucagon - periph
b- insulin - inside
delta - somatostatin (inhibit GH and TSH) - anywhere
Term
cAMP hormone receptors
Definition
FLAT CHAMP -
FLAT - ant pit- FSH, LH, ACTH, TSH
CHAMP - all over- CRH, hCG, ADH (V2), MSH, PTH
Calcitonin, Glucagon
Term
cGMP hormone receptors
Definition
ANP, EDRF, NO
Term
Tyrosine kinase hormone receptors
Definition
ant pit - PiG - Prolactin, GH
I's - insulin, ILGF-1,
angiogenesis - FGF, PDGF
Term
iP3 hormone receptors
Definition
release Ca+ to do something - GGOAT
hypothal - GnRH, TRH, GHRH
post pit - ADH (V1), oxytocin
Term
steriod/intracell hormone receptors
Definition
SALT, SUGAR, SEX and vitd/t3/4
glucocorticoids, T3/4, vitD, aldosterone, test/est/prog
Term
dexamethasone suppression test
Definition
only suppressed with high cortisol in Cushings dx (pit adenoma secreting ACTH)
low cortisol never suppresses (except if healthy)
ectopic ACTH and cortisol prod tumor - no changes with high or low
Term
Waterhouse- Friderichsen syndrome
Definition
N.meningiditis - adrenal hemmorage -acute adrenocortical insufficiency
Term
pheochromocytoma
Definition
assoc with neurofibromatosis, MEN2A, MEN2B
Term
phenoxybenzamine
Definition
nonselective, irrev, a-antagonist - used in pheochromocytoma
Term
tyrosine derivatives
Definition
tyr-L-dopa, dopa, NE, epi
Term
Erythema infectiosum
Definition
5th disease - parvo B19- slapped cheek/face
Term
Roseola
Definition
6th dx - HHV6 - 5 day high fever then rash--> febrile convulsion
Term
Rubella
Definition
RNA togavirus - 3day measles (german) - painful postauricular adenopathy/polyarthritis
Term
Rubeola
Definition
RNA paramyxovirus - Koplik spots then rash
Term
Scarlet fever
Definition
GAS - pastias lines- strawberry tongue --> glomnephritis
Term
atopic dermatitis
Definition
type IHS - IgE- children (cheeks/extrensors and felxural surfaces) - adults (hands/eyelids/elbows/knees)
Term
contact dermatitis
Definition
Type 4HS - poison ivy/nickel/tetracyclines - photosens
Term
pemphigus vulgaris
Definition
igG Ab to desmosomes- type 2HS- INTRAEPITH vesicles - +Nikolskys- Acantholysis of keratinocytes
Term
bullous pemphigoid
Definition
igG Ab against basement memb- Type 2HS - subepidermal vesicles - no acantholysis - neg nikolskys
Term
dermatitis herpatoformis
Definition
anti-IgA igG to dermal papillae- celiac dx- supepidermal cysts with neuts
Term
acitinic keratoses
Definition
precursor of SCC 2-5%
Term
psoriasis
Definition
unreg prolif of keratinocytes- ertyhematous/salmon plaques with silver scales - koebner phenomenon (in areas of trauma)- oil stained/pitted nails - NEVER USE SYSTEMIC STEROIDS!!!!!
hyperkeratosis with rentention of nuclei in stratum corneum
Term
pityriasis rosea
Definition
herald patch (oval on trunk) then XMAS tree distribution rash - looks like syphilis but not on palms
Term
SJS
Definition
erythema multiforme that involves skin and mucous memb
Term
PCT (porphyria cutanea tarda)
Definition
def in uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase - wine urine - hep C and etoh assoc - photosens bullous skin lesions- avoid light - WOLFMAN - hyperpigmentation and lannugo
Term
PCN rash
Definition
urticaria - Type 1HS - igE mediated histamine release by mast cells -
Term
vitilligo
Definition
autoimm destruciton of melanocytes in black people- skin depigmentation - (phenols from photography also do this)
Term
freckles
Definition
normal number of melanocytes - increased number of melanosomes
Term
albinism
Definition
deficiency in tyrosinase - absent melanin in melanocytes
Term
Lesser trelat syndrome
Definition
rpaid increase in number of sebborheic keratoses - - stomach adneocarcinoma
Term
nevus
Definition
modified melanocytes - - neural crest
Term
dysplastic nevus
Definition
risk for malignant melanoma
Term
basal cell carcinoma- skin
Definition
MOST COMMON - upper lip and higher - - DOESNT METS - arise from basal cell layer - pearly- elderly
Term
squamous cell carcinoma - skin
Definition
lower lip and lower - UV light - opaque - from acitinic keratosis -
Term
malignant melanoma
Definition
Uv light - initially grow laterally then invade - BANS areas (back, neck, scapula- poor prognosis b/c lymph drainage ) -
superficial spreading - most common
acral lentiginous melanoma - poor prog - blacks (under nail) - ABCD - depth of invasion is best prognosis indicator
no mets - excise with borders (less than 0.75 depth- no mets )
Rx- interferon alpha - if mets
Term
mee's lines
Definition
on nails - sign of arsenic poisoning - transverse white lines
Term
only histone not in core
Definition
H1
Term
t cruzi vector
Definition
reduvid bug (kissing)
Term
trypanosoma (gambiense and rhodesiense) vector
Definition
tsetse fly
Term
leshmania donovani vector
Definition
sand fly
Term
plasmodium (vivax, ovale, malariae, falciparum)
Definition
anaopheles mosquito
Term
babesia vector
Definition
ixodes tick (same as Borrelia burgdorferi)
Term
onchocerca volvulus vector
Definition
black fly (females)
Term
wuchereria bancrofti vector
Definition
female mosquito
Term
loa loa vector
Definition
deer, horse, mango fly
Term
macs with amastigotes
Definition
Leshmaniasis
Term
RBC inside cytoplasm of parasite
Definition
Entamoeba histolytica
Term
merozoites in a RBC
Definition
plasmodium
Term
RBC with maltese cross rings
Definition
Babesia
Term
hydatid cyst
Definition
echinococcus - anaphylaxis if in blood
Term
ehec toxin
Definition
inhibits 60S ribosome- prevent mrna
Term
shiga toxin
Definition
inhibit 60s - prevent mrna
Term
cytoxin a- Parg
Definition
inhibits via EF2
Term
diptheria toxin
Definition
inhibits via ef2
Term
live attenuated vaccines
Definition
MMR, polio, yellow fever, sabin polio, varicella, smallpox
Term
recombinant vaccines
Definition
HBV and HPV
Term
killed vaccines
Definition
Rabies, Influenza, Polio (salk) , hep A
rip always
Term
Bcell CD
Definition
CD19, 20, 21
Term
TH1 make
Definition
IFNy, IL2, TNFb
all stim macs, NK cells, cd8 cells
kill intracell anitgens
Term
TH2 make
Definition
il4, il5, il6, il10 (inhibits THI pathway), TGFb
activates B cells - co stim to become plasma cells
extracell antigen
Th2 cells have cd40L that binds CD40 on the b cell to activate it along with the cytokines
Term
Th0 to TH1 when
Definition
strong innate repsonse via
- il12 from macs
- ifny from NK cells
Term
Th0 to TH2 when
Definition
absence of innate response
via 1l-4
Term
CD16
Definition
Nk cells
Term
CD3
Definition
T cells
Term
CD40
Definition
B cells, macs, dendritic
Term
CD56
Definition
NK cells
Term
CD14
Definition
mac
Term
IFN a and b
Definition
inhibit viral protein synth
Term
IFNy
Definition
stim CMI, inhibits TH2
Term
TNF a and b
Definition
CMI
Term
il-8
Definition
chemokine
Term
il10
Definition
th2 cells- inihibits TH1 response
Term
il4
Definition
class switch to IgE
Term
il12
Definition
sitm CMI
Term
LTB4
Definition
VASC and neut chemotaxis
Term
LTC,D,E 4
Definition
Broncho, Vasc
Term
HTN stroke/bleed
Definition
HTN- MCA small vessels (straie lenticulate) - rupture and bleed - Charcot bouchard aneurseym- Caudate putamen area
Term
lateral hypothal
Definition
stims hunger
lesion = anorexia
Term
ventromedial hypothal
Definition
stims satiety
lesion = fat
Stim by leptin
Term
supraoptic hypothal
Definition
ADH
Term
paravent hypothal
Definition
oxytocin
Term
anterior hypothal
Definition
cool (a/c)
parasymp
Term
posterior hypothal
Definition
heat
symp
"get fired up"
Term
septal hypothal
Definition
sexual urge
Term
suprachiasmatic hypothal
Definition
circadian rhythmn
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