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Blood
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24
Physiology
Undergraduate 3
03/11/2014

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Term
What are the cellular components of blood and the function of each?
Definition
RBC-tissue oxygenation
WBC- defense against microorganisms and removal of debris
platelets-coagulation and bleeding control
Term
How much of our body weight does Blood contribute to(in %)? Does it differ on gender?
Definition
-8% of our total body weight
-Men have 5.5L and women have 5L
Term
What are the noncellular components of blood?
Definition
Plasma and plasma proteins
Term
Explain what the hematocrit layets are made of and their relative percentages.
Definition
55% Plasma, 1% platelets and WBC(buffy coat, 45% RBC
Term
What is the function of Plasma water?
Definition
-Its a transport medium for many organic and inorganic substances
-Can absorb and distribute heat generated during metabolism.
Term
What is the purpose of Plasma proteins?
Definition
-Establish an osmotic gradient between blood and ISF
-Partially responsible for buffering changes in pH
Term
Albumin is an important Plasma protein because...
Definition
It binds many substances and contributes to the colloid osmotic pressure. Its also the most abundant.
Term
Explain the subclasses of Globulins and what they're involved in.
Definition
Alpha and Beta: Involved in clotting
Gamma: What antibodies used to be called, help with immunity.
Term
What is a key factor in clotting?
Definition
Fibrinogen
Term
Main function of RBC...
Definition
Transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
Term
What about the RBC shape makes it efficient in its job?
Definition
Bi-concavity, large SA, Thin, and flexible.
Term
What is the Oxyhemoglobin Dissociation Curve?
Definition
nonlinear relationship between the affinity for O2 and binding of hemoglobin with oxygen
Term
What would cause the Oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve to shift to the right?
Definition
-Hemoglobin has less affinity for O2
-More oxygen delivery to the tissues
-anemia, chronic hypoxia, hemoglobinopathies
Term
What would cause the Oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve to shift to the left?
Definition
-Hemoglobin has a higher affinity for oxygen
-Release to tissue inhibited
-Carbon monoxide poisoning
-Methemoglobinemia
Term
Hypoxia is caused by?
Definition
Low atmospheric O2 which tells the kidney to release EPO to stimulate RBC production.
Term
WBC are classified based into...? List them
Definition
-Agranulocytes: Monocytes and lymphocytes
-Granulocytes: Neutrophils, Basophils and Eosinophils.
Term
Neutrophils
Definition
-Phagocytic specialists
-First defenders
-Very imp. in inflammation
-Clean up debris
-one nucleus but its lobed so it can squish through capillaries
Term
Eosinophils
Definition
-Allergies
-Parasities
-stained with eosin
-percent in body depends on location.
Term
Basophils
Definition
-function not as understood
-similar to mast cells
-store and release histamine and heparin
Term
Monocytes
Definition
-leaves tissues to become a macrophage
Term
Lymphocytes
Definition
B lymphocytes secrete antibodies
T lymphocytes destroy specific targets
Term
What are the 4 things that platelets are in ivolved in?
Definition
Adhesion, Aggregation, Secretion, and Coagulation
Term
Explain the coagulation cascade
Definition
Intrinisic:
-caused by damage within BV
Extrinsic:
-caused by damage outisde the BV
*Both pathways meet to form Factor X
*Factor X oncverted into thrombin
*This cleaves fibrinogen into Fibrin causing a clot.
Term
How is a clot broken down?
Definition
Damaged endothelial cells secrete plasmiogen which converts to plasmin.
This breaks up fibrin so it doesnt impede flow.
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