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Blood Vessels Chpt 19
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59
Science
Undergraduate 2
08/14/2011

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Term
How do veins and arteries get blood supply to their muscles?
Definition
Through small blood vessels called vasa vasorem
Term
Vasa Vasorem
Definition
Blood vessels withing artery or vein wall that function to nourish the cells of the blood vessels
Term
Tunica Intima (Interna)
Definition
The inner most layer of veins and arteries made up of simple sqaumos epithelium cells. The arteries eleastic membrane.
Term
Tunica Externa
Definition
outter most layer of the veins and arteries, made up of collagen fibers (connective tissue) ***Thick in veins, thinner in arteries
Term
Tunica Media
Definition
Middle layer of veins and arteries.
Made up of smooth muscles ***thick in arteries, thinner in veins
Term
What connects the veinous blood with the arterial blood?
Definition
the capillaries
Term
What happens to arterial and venous blood in the capillaries?
Definition
Arterial blood loses its oxygen in capilaires and deoxyginated blood moved into veins
Term
Basement Membrane
Definition
outer coating of the capillary. Very thin coating, only one layer thick of endothelial cells
Term
Aorta and major branches
(Blood Vessel Anatomy)
Definition
Largest arteries
Known as the *elastic arteries*
1.5 cm in diameter
1.0 mm in thickness
Large amounts of smoothe muscle
Fiberous connective tissue
*Expand and recoil--most elastic arteries
Term
Distributing Arteries
(Blood Vessel Anatomy)
Definition
**Muscular artery**
6.0 mm in diameter
1.0 mm in thickness
**vasocontrictors**
-large amounts of smooth muscle for contraction of the muscle of the artery
Term
Smallest of Arteries
(Blood Vessel Anatomy)
Definition
**Arterole
37.0 micrometers in diamter
6.0 micrometers in thickness
Term
Capillary
(Blood Vessel Anatomy)
Definition
only one cellular layer think
9.0 micrometer diameter
.05 micrometer thickness
** Then tunica intima
Term
Venule
(blood vessel anatomy)
Definition
the muscle wraps around the venue
20.0 micrometer in diameter
1.0 micrometer in thickness
Term
Vein
(blood vessel anatomy)
Definition
5.0mm in diameter
.05 mm in diamter
**Lots of connective tissue
Term
Blood flow from the aterial system feeds the ________.
Definition
the body
Term
Blood flow from teh venous system feeds the ____________.
Definition
the heart
Term
Name the 3 types of capillaries
Definition
1) Continuous
2) Fenestrated
3) Sinusoids
Term
Which type of capillary is the least permeable and most common (skin, muscle)
Definition
Continuous capillary have tight junctions make them the least permeable
Term
Describe the Fenestrated Capillary
Definition
The fenestrated capillary has large pores increase permability. Occurs in special locations (kidney, small, intestine)
Term
What capillary type is the most permeable?
Definition
the sinusoidal capillary is the most permeable because of a incomplete basement membrane. found in bone marrow and spleen.
Term
what type of capillary is found in the spleen and bone marrow?
Definition
Sinusoidal capillary
Term
What type of capillary is found in the kidney and small intestine?
Definition
Fenestrated capillary
Term
What type of capillary is found in the skin and muscle?
Definition
Coninuous capillary
Term
Are capillaries long or short?
Definition
Short-- about 1 mm in lenght
Term
What is microcirculation?
Definition
small vessels resulting in a small circulation of blood.
Term
Capillary Beds consist of what two types of vessels?
Definition
1)vascular shunt-- metarteriole (atrial)
---> thoroghfare channel (veinous)
2) True capillaries, with precapillary sphincters to regulate blood flow.
Term
In true capillaries how many capillaries per capillary bed?
Definition
10-100 capillaries
Term
Where are the percapillary sphincters located at on the capillary?
Definition
percapillary sphincter: smooth muscle surrounding each cappilary (wraping around it) at its root.
Term
What is the function of the precapillary sphincter
Definition
To regulate blood flow
Term
What happens when the precapillary sphincter is closed?
Definition
blood flows through metarteriole throughfare channel and bypasses true capillaries... constriction-diversion of blood flow with sympathetic nervous response
Term
What happens when precapillary sphincter is open?
Definition
blood flows through true capillaries
Term
What does a leukocyte venule --> diapediesis mean?
Definition
Mechanism by which the leukocytes venules flow to the veins and leave the blood (mainly in the veins)
Term
What happens because venules are very porous?
Definition
they are leaky
Term
Veins have _______ lumens, and _______ walls
Definition
large; thin
Term
What are capacitance vessels in the veins?
Definition
They are blood reservoirs and can act as resiervoirs for our blood supply
Term
What percent of the body's blood suppy is in the veins?
Definition
65%
Term
At any given time what percent of blood is in the heart?
Definition
8%
Term
At any given time what percent of blood is in the capillaries?
Definition
5%
Term
At any given time what percent of blood is in the arteries and arterioles?
Definition
15%
Term
At any given time what percent of blood is in the pulomonary blood?
Definition
12%
Term
At any given time what percent of blood is in the systemic veins and venules?
Definition
60%
Term
Why can't the vein tolerate too much pressure?
Definition
Because of their thin walls-- too much pressure in the veins and they will rupture
Term
In a healthy person venouse return to the heart is _____________ to cardiac output.
Definition
equal
Term
What are the accomodations of the veins?
Definition
- large diameters
-pressure is very low
-valves (limbs)
Term
What is the importantance of the large diameter of veins?
Definition
Diamiter of a vein is a fact that determines resistance.
Term
What do the valves function to do in the vein?
Definition
They are one-way valve and they are in abundence to prevent back flow of blood
Term
What are the venous sinuses?
Definition
Coronary sinus of the heart
Dural sinus of brain
Term
Venous Coronary sinus of heart
Definition
-dorsal side of the heart
-returns blood to the right atria
Term
Venous Dural Sinus of the Brain
Definition
CSF return to the blood via dural sinus
Term
What can cause varicose veins?
Definition
-heredity
-prolonged standing
-pregnancy
-abdominal weight
-elevated venous pressure
Term
What is an example of varicose veins caused by elevated venous pressure?
Definition
Hemorrhoids (varicosities of anal veins)
Term
What is blood flow?
Definition
-Volume of blood flowing through a vessel
-for entire vasculare system: cardiac output
** resting conditions: Constant. With exercise blood flow is altered.
Term
What is blood pressure?
Definition
forced exerted on the vessel wall by the blood
Term
What is blood pressure measured in?
Definition
mm Hg (milimeters of mercury)
Term
Where is blood at its lowest pressure?
Definition
in the right atria, because it is farthest from the left ventricle
Term
Blood pressure _________ when you get closer the left ventricle.
Definition
increases
Term
What is the pressure gradient?
Definition
-Keeps blood moving
-difference in blood pressure within the vascular system.
-force that keeps blood moving from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure through the body
Term
What is resistance?
Definition
-opposition to flow of the blood
-friction as blood passes through the blood vessels
-peripheral(systemic) resistance. (Peripheral circulation)
Term
Where does resistance come from?
Definition
resistance comes from the walls of the blood vessel.
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