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Blood-Thinning Drugs
Review of Blood-Thinning Drugs
21
Pharmacology
Undergraduate 1
03/16/2010

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Term
Possible Thromboembolic Events (7)
Definition
-Thrombus (formations of a clot)
-Embolism (migration of a clot in body)
-Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
-Pulmonary embolism (PE)
-Peripheral arterial occlusion
-Stroke
-Myocardial Infarction (MI)
Term
What are the 2 types of blood thinning drugs?
Definition
-Anticoagulants
-Antiplatelet
Term
Name 2 Direct-Acting Anticoagulants
Definition
-Heparin Sodium
-Low Molecular Weight Heparins (LMWH)
Term
Name a LMWH.
Definition
Enoxaprin
Term
What is the mechanism of action of the Heparins?
Definition
They inhibit specific clotting factors by binding to antithrombin III, a natural inhibitor of coagulation, and thus potentiating the action of ATIII. This inhibits the activity of Xa, the conversion to thrombin, and thrombin activity.
Term
What are Heparins used for (4)t?
Definition
-Prevent formation of new clots and the extension of existing clots
-DVT, PE, and other emboli
-Prevent blood clotting in surgery and hemodialysis
-Prevent coagulation after blood has left body
Term
Pharmacokinetics of Heparins
Definition
-Parenteral (highly charged)
-IV or SC
-Highly protein bound
Term
ADRs of Heparins (5)
Definition
-Bleeding
-Allergic reactions
-Loss of consciousness
-BP fluctuations
-Allergic reactions
Term
Contraindications of Heparins (4)
Definition
-Active bleeding
-Severe liver disease
-Uncontrolled hypertension
-Not for brain, spinal cord, or eye surgeries
Term
What are the nursing considerations when administering Heparins (3)?
Definition
-Protamine Sulfate is the antidote
-Drug interactions
-Observe for bleeding and blood in urine
Term
Name 2 oral anticoagulants.
Definition
-Warfarin
-Bishydroxycoumarin
Term
What is the mechanism of action of oral anticoagulants?
Definition
They interfere with the production of active vitamin K in the liver. Vitamin K is required for the synthesis of many clotting factors.
Term
When is the peak activity of anticoagulants?
Definition
48-72 hours after administration
Term
What are anticoagulants used for (2)?
Definition
-Prophylaxis and treatment of DVT and PE
-Prophylaxis with atrial fibrillation or MI
Term
Pharmacokinetics of Oral Anticoagulants (2)
Definition
-Oral
-Highly protein bound
Term
ADRs of Oral Anticoagulants (5)
Definition
-Bleeding
-Abdominal cramps
-Nausea
-Anorexia
-Alopecia
Term
What are the nursing considerations when administering oral anticoagulants (6)?
Definition
-Not to be used with patients with active bleeding
-Monitor blood work; Prothrombin time (PT) and International Normalized Ratio (INR)
-Vitamin K (Phytonadione) is the antidote
-Drug, herbal, and dietary interactions (leafy green vegetables should be avoided)
-Patient education
-Avoid alcohol
Term
Name 4 Anti-Platelet Drugs
Definition
-Aspirin
-Clopidrogel Bisulfate
-Dipyridamole
-Abciximab
Term
What is the mechanism of action of anti-platelet drugs?
Definition
They prevent the formation of platelet plug.
Term
What are Anti-Platelet drugs used for (3)?
Definition
-Prevention of arterial thrombus formation
-Prevention of TIAs
-Reduce risk of fatal MI and stroke
Term
ADRs of Anti-Platelet Drugs (2)
Definition
-Bleeding
-Tinnitus
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