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Blood and Lymphatic Disorders
Cardio Exam 2
91
Nursing
Not Applicable
05/29/2013

Additional Nursing Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

what panel contains

RBC, WBC, Platelets, Hbg, Hct

Definition

CBC

complete blood count

Term

F- 4.2 - 5.4 million/uL

M- 4.7 - 6.1 million/uL

normal lab value for _______

Definition

RBC's

the major carriers of Hmg in the blood

Term
what are the major carriers of Hmg in the blood
Definition
RBC's
Term

5,000 - 10,000

Normal value for ______

Definition

WBC's

destroy organisms in the body

Term
_____ destroys organisms in the body
Definition
WBC's
Term

150,000 - 400,000

normal values of ________

Definition

platelets (thrombocytes)

important for clot formation

Term
what does Hgb do?
Definition
transports oxygen and carbon dioxide to and from the cells and can be used as an index of the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood
Term
what can be tested to determine the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood
Definition

Hbg 

 

Term

F- 12 - 16

M- 14 - 18 

Normal values for _____

 

Definition
Hbg - Hemoglobin
Term

what is 3 times the value of RBC 

(figuring normal values of labs)

Definition
Hbg - Hemoglobin
Term
what is the percentage of RBC's in relation to the total blood volume
Definition
Hct - Hematocrit
Term

F -  37% - 47% 

M - 42% - 52% 

Normal values for ______

Definition
Hematocrit - Hct
Term

what is important for normal fetal development and needed to make RBC's, WBC's and Platelets

Normal growth

Definition
Folate - folic acid
Term
what is crucial for proper formation of RBC's as well as the health of nerve tissue
Definition
B 12
Term
what vitamin is needed to absorb folic acid
Definition
B12
Term
______is a test that measures absorption of vitamin B12
Definition
Shillings Test
Term
disorder where the bone marrow fails to produce RBC, WBC and platelets leading to pancytopenia
Definition
aplastic anemia
Term

s/s of aplastic anemia

name 7

Definition
  1. fatigue
  2. weakness
  3. pallor
  4. dyspnea
  5. ↓ RBC
  6. ↓ platelets: petechiae or echymosis
  7. ↓ WBC: infection 
Term

Risk factors for Iron Deficency

name 4

Definition
  1. Chronic blood loss, GI bleed most common
  2. poor GI absorption of iron
  3. inadequate diet
  4. women during their periods
Term
what develops when supply of iron is inadequate for RBC production
Definition
Iron Deficiency Anemia
Term

s/s: Iron Deficiency Anemia

name 7

Definition
  1. Weakness
  2. Fatigue
  3. pallor/pale
  4. SOB, on exertion 
  5. sore red tongue
  6. Spoon Shaped Nails
  7. Pica - unusual craving for clay or starch
Term

Risk Factors for Pernicious Anemia

Name 3

Definition
  1. Resection of stomach or ileum
  2. Chron's disease (D 20x/day)
  3. vegans or vegetarians
Term
s/s of pernisious anemia
Definition
  1. sore beefy red tongue
  2. numbness or tingling in the extremities (paresthesias)
  3. problems with proprioception 
  4. jaundice
Term
dx: of pernicious anemia
Definition

Shillings Test - measures the absorption of radioactive B12 as it is excreted in urine

Term
tx: pernicious anemia
Definition
B12 injections for life
Term
how are iron supplements given
Definition
  • IM - Z track method
  • Oral - mix with OJ, give with straw to prevent staining of teeth
Term
Risk Factors: folic acid deficiency anemia
Definition
Alcoholics - alcohol suppresses folic acid metabolism
Term

People with Mediterranean ancestry is most at risk for what type of anemia?

Definition
Thalassemis (Cooley's Anemia)
Term

________ is an inherited disorder where the alpha or beta chains are missing in Hbg

Definition
Thalassemia ( Cooley's Anemia )
Term
______ is a hereditary, chronic hemolytic anemia
Definition
Sickle Cell Anemia
Term
sickle cell trait
Definition
inherited from one parent
Term
sickle cell anemia - inherited from
Definition
both parents
Term
when is sickling of the cells more likely to occur
Definition
in conditions causing high tissue oxygen demand
Term
what disorder results from a defective hemoglobin molecule that causes RBC's to become sickle shaped
Definition
sickle cell anemia
Term
sickle cell anemia is most common in _______ decent
Definition
African
Term

s/s of sickle cell anemia

name 3

Definition
  1. Pallor
  2. Fever
  3. INTENSE PAIN
Term

TX: for sickle cell anemia

name 4

Definition
  1. Oxygen
  2. Narcotic analgesic
  3. Rest
  4. IV hydration 
Term

NC: for sickle cell anemia

name 3

 

Definition
  1. treat PAIN - priority of care
  2. Administer oxygen
  3. ↑ Oral and IV fluids to ↓ clumping
Term
procedure where solid tissue and cells are obtained by coring out an area of  ___________ with a large bore needle.
Definition
bone marrow biopsy
Term

NC: for Bone Marrow Biopsy

name 7

Definition
  1. Informed consent
  2. prone position 
  3. posterior ileac crest is the most common site
  4. apply pressure post procedure - 5 to 10 minutes
  5. apply pressure dressing
  6. monitor for bleeding and infection
  7. medicate for pain - pt is awake during procedure
Term
what lab measures how long blood takes to clot and relects the amount of clotting factors present
Definition

Prothrombin Time PT

11 - 12.2 seconds

Term

what lab is monitored with use of warfarin/coumadin therapy

Definition
PT and INR
Term
what lab helps evaluate the ability to form blood clots
Definition

Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time aPTT

30 - 40 seconds

Term
normal aPTT
Definition

30-40 seconds

 

1.5 - 2 times normal value for anticoagulant therapy

Term
normal PT
Definition
11 - 12.2 seconds
Term
what lab detects and diagnosis bleeding disorders and how well antocoagulants are working
Definition

INR 

normal 0.7 - 1.8

Term
INR lab values for warfarin/coumadin therapy
Definition

INR between 2-3

 

Term
what lab is monitored when using heparin
Definition

aPTT

 60 - 80 seconds

Term
what is phlebitis
Definition

an irritation of a vein by chemical, bacterial or mechanical irritation 

Term

s/s of phlebitis

name 9

Definition
  1. redness
  2. pain
  3. burning
  4. warmth
  5. vein induration (hardness)
  6. red streaks 
  7. slowing infusion rate 
  8. increased temp
  9. infection
Term
what do you do when a pt has phlebitis
Definition
remove IV
Term
universal blood donor
Definition
O -
Term
universal blood recipient
Definition
AB -
Term
O - can have what kind of blood
Definition
ONLY O-
Term
O+ can have what kind of blood
Definition
O- and O+
Term
RH factor
Definition
most important blood group system besides ABO
Term
blood that contains D antigen makes the RH Factor _____ (negative or positive)
Definition
Positive
Term
autologous transfusion
Definition
persons own blood is collected for future transfusion
Term

s/s of an acute hemolytic reaction to blood transfusion

name 3

Definition
  1. Fever
  2. Low back pain
  3. Hyoptension 
Term
what would you administer to someone having a mild allergic reaction to blood transfusion
Definition
Benadryl
Term

NC for anaphylactic reaction to blood transfusion

name 3

Definition
  1. Oxygen
  2. IV fluids
  3. corticosteroids
Term

General NC with any reaction to blood transfusion

name 5

Definition
  1. STOP the transfusion
  2. Initiate NS infusion with a separate line
  3. Save the blood bag and tubing for testing
  4. Obtain urine specimen, to determine RBC hemolysis
  5. Notify Dr
Term

NC for during a blood transfusion

name 4

Definition
  1. Use infusion controller (NOT PUMP) run slowly at first
  2. Remain with pt for 1st 15 minutes
  3. Monitor VS
  4. Complete transfusion within 2 -4 hours to avoid bacterial growth
Term
what type of solution are blood products infused with
Definition

NS 0.9% NaCl

 

Term
what disorder is caused by an overproduction of RBC's, WBC's and Platelets - too many blood cells
Definition
plycythemia vera
Term

s/s of polycythemia vera

name 4

Definition
  1. Hypertension
  2. Headaches
  3. ANGINA
  4. blurred vision
Term
tx: of polycythemia vera
Definition

Therapeutic Phlebotomy

removal of blood from the vein

 

Term
how much blood is removed at a time with therapeutic phlebotomy
Definition
500 mL every other day
Term
a hereditary bleeding disorder resulting from a deficiency of specific clotting factors is called __________
Definition
hemophilia
Term

deficiency in clotting factor VIII is what type of hemophilia

Definition
A
Term
deficiency in clotting factor IX is hemophilia 
Definition
B
Term
hemophilia B is also called
Definition
christmas disease
Term
what is the tx for hemophilia a
Definition
cryoprecipitate of lyophilized factor VIII
Term
in hemophilia the female is a ______
Definition
carrier
Term
in hemophilia the male _______
Definition
has the disease
Term
s/s of hemophilia
Definition
hemarthrosis- bleeding into the joints, especially weight bearing joints
Term
a disruption of hemostatsis characterized by bleeding and clotting at the same time is called _______
Definition
DIC - Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
Term
what is the most common cause of DIC
Definition
Sepsis
Term

Risk Factors for DIC

name 4

Definition
  1. Infection / Sepsis
  2. Trauma
  3. Incompatible blood transfusions
  4. endotoxins - poisonous snake bite
Term
DX of DIC
Definition

Platelets

aPTT

PT

clotting factors V and VIII 

blood smear shows Schistocytes

Term
TX for DIC
Definition
Heparin to prevent micro clotting
Term
what does peptic ulcer have to do with CBC
Definition
possible bleeding
Term
what labs are done prior to surgery
Definition

CBC

PT 

PTT

INR

testing for anemia, blood type, platelets for clotting factor

Term
what happens to blood that has higher viscosity
Definition
slows and causes clots, also possible emboli or DVT
Term
What are ABC's
Definition

Airway, Breathing, Circulation 

needed to circulate oxygen

Term
what will a high RBC count do
Definition
blood will have a higher viscosity (thickness)
Term
what labs do you check for anemia or iron deficency
Definition

Hemoglobin

f - 12-16

m -14-18

Term
what food are high in iron
Definition

green leafy veggies

organ and red meats

Term
IV flow rate drop factor
Definition

Volume (mL) 


Time (min)

 

X

 

DF (gtt/mL)

 

=

Rate (gtt/min)

 

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